Antimicrobial Resistance in Aquaculture

Year 2016, Volume: 5 Issue: 2, 472 - 476, 01.06.2016

Oğuzhan Dolgun H. Tuğba Yüksel Uğur Parın Göksel Erbaş Şükrü Kırkan

Abstract

Backround/Aim: Antibiotics are used in the treatment of bacterial fish diseases as well as in the world in our country. The use of unconscious and uncontrolled antibiotics causes the antibiotic resistant bacteria to come into play and the antibiotics that can be used are getting worse day by day. Failure in treatment due to reasons such as the use of antibiotics, lack of correct dose and time, and ignoring of the primary factors before treatment isolation and identification, increases treatment costs and increases mortality and leads to serious financial loss. This compilation provides information on the antibiotic resistance genes in the aquaculture fishery. Conclusion: In addition to the treatment of diseases and protection from diseases, antibiotics used unconsciously and excessively in order to improve the quality and development of the product cause the bacterial resistance mechanism to develop more rapidly. Although the development of new antibiotics has been the solution to the problem of resistance at the beginning, new resistance forms have appeared in years. The ‘multiple resistance’ developed by many bacteria by unconscious and excessive use of antibiotics is a more complex and serious problem. New strategies should be developed to combat disease-causing bacteria.

Keywords

Aquaculture, Antibiotic resistance

Kültür Balıkçılığında Antimikrobiyel Direnç

Abstract

Özbilgi/Amaç: Ülkemizde de dünyada olduğu gibi bakteriyel balık hastalıklarının sağaltımında antibiyotikler kullanılmaktadır. Bilinçsiz ve kontrolsüz antibiyotik kullanımı antibiyotiklere dirençli bakterilerin meydana gelmesine ve kullanılabilecek antibiyotiklerin gün geçtikçe azalmasına neden olmaktadır. Etken izolasyonu ve identifikasyonu yapılmadan antibiyotik kullanılması, doğru doz ve sürede uygulanmaması, primer etkenlerin göz ardı edilmesi gibi nedenlerden dolayı sağaltımdaki başarısızlık tedavi giderlerini arttırdığı gibi mortaliteyi de arttırıp ciddi maddi kayıplara yol açmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı kültür balıkçılığında görülen antibiyotik direnç genleri hakkında bilgi vermektir. Sonuç: Hastalıkların yanı sıra hastalıklardan korumak, ürünün gelişimi ve kalitesini arttırmak amacıyla bilinçsiz ve aşırı bir şekilde kullanılan antibiyotikler bakterilerde oluşan direnç mekanizmasının daha hızlı bir şekilde gelişmesine neden olur. Başlangıçta oluşan direnç sorununa karşı yeni antibiyotiklerin geliştirilmesi çözüm olmuşsa da yıllar içeresinde yeni direnç şekilleri ortaya çıkmıştır. Antibiyotiklerin bilinçsiz ve aşırı kullanım sonucunda birçok bakterinin geliştirdiği ‘çoklu direnç’ daha karmaşık ve ciddi bir sorun olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Hastalık yapıcı bakterilerle savaşmak için yeni stratejiler geliştirilmelidir.

Keywords

Kültür balıkçılığı, Antibiyotik direnci

References

• Agerso Y ve Petersen A (2007). The Tetracycline Resistance Determinant Tet 39 and the Sulphonamide Resistance Gene SulII are Common among Resistant Acinetobacter spp. isolated from Integrated Fish Farms in Thailand, Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 59, 23- 27.
• Altun S, Onuk EE, Ciftci A, Duman M ve Buyukekiz AG (2013). Determination of Phenotypic, Serotypic and Genetic Diversity and Antibiotyping of Yersinia ruckeri Isolated from Rainbow Trout, Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(2), 225-232.
• Başçınar N (2004). Dünyada Su Ürünleri Yetiştiriciliği ve Ülkemizin Geleceğine Bakış, Su Ürünleri Merkez Araştırma Enstitisü, Trabzon, Sayı:1
• Balta F, Sandalli C, Kayis S ve Ozgumus OB (2010). Molecular Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in Yersinia ruckeri Strains Isolated from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Grown in Commercial Fish Farms in Turkey, Bulletin-European Association of Fish Pathologists, 30, 211-219.
• Swine Production Facilities, Animal Biotechnolgy, 17, 157- 176.
• Martinez JL (2008). Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Natural Environments, Science, 321, 365-367.
• Mendez B, Tachibana C ve Levy SB (1980). Heterogeneity of Tetracycline Resistance Determinants, Plasmid, 3, 99-108
• Nonaka L, Ikeno K ve Suzuki S (2007). Distribution of Tetracycline Resistance Gene, Tet(M), in Gram-Positive and Gram- Negative Bacteria Isolated from Sediment and Seawater at a Coastal Aquaculture Site in Japan, Environmental Microbiology, 22, 355-364.
• Okitsu N, Kaieda S ve Yano H (2005). Characterization of ermB Gene Transposition by Tn1545 and Tn917 in Macrolide- resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates, Journal of Clinic Microbiology, 43, 168-173.
• Özturk D, Adanir R ve Turutoglu H (2007). Isolation and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila in a Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Hatchery Farm, Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy, 51(3), 361-364.
• Özdemir S (2015). Balıklardan İzole Edilen Bakterilerden Antibiyotik Direnç Geni Profillerinin Belirlenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Trabzon
• Özaktas T, Taskin B ve Gozen AG (2012). High Level Multiple Antibiotic Resistance among Fish Surface Associated Bacterial Populations in Non-Aquaculture Freshwater Environment, Water Research, 461(19), 6382-6390.
• Poppe C, Martin L ve Muckle A (2006). Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella Newport Isolated from Animals, the Environment, and Animal Food Products in Canada, Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, 70, 105-114.
• Pruden A, Pei R, Storteboom H ve Carlson KH (2006). Antibiotic Resistance Genes as Emerging Contaminants: Studies in Northern Colorado, Environmental Science & Technology, 40(23), 7745-7750.
• Phuong Hoa PT, Nonaka L, Hung Viet P ve Suzuki S (2008). Detection of the Sul1, Sul2, and Sul3 Genes in Sulfonamide- Resistant Bacteria from Wastewater and Shrimp Ponds of North Vietnam, Science of the Total Environment, 405, 377- 384.
• Ramón-García S, Otal I ve Martín C (2006). Novel Streptomycin Resistance Gene from Mycobacterium fortuitum, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 50, 3920- 3922.
• Roberts MC, Sutcliffe J ve Courvalin P (1999). Nomenclature for Macrolide and Macrolide-Lincosamide Streptogramin B Antibiotic Resistance Determinants, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 43, 2823-2830.
• Roberts MC (2005). Update on Acquired Tetracycline Resistance Genes, FEMS Microbiology Letters, 245, 195-203.
• Roberts MC (2008). Update on Macrolide-Lincosamide- Streptogramin, Ketolide, and Oxazolidinone Resistance Genes, FEMS Microbiology Letters, 282, 147-159.
• Shah SQA, Colquhoun DJ, Nikuli HL ve Sİrum H (2012). Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Bacterial Flora of Integrated Fish Farming Environments of Pakistan and Tanzania, Environmental Science & Technology, 46(16), 8672- 8679.
• Shakil S, Khan R, Zarrilli R ve Khan AU (2008). Aminoglycosides Versus Bacteria-A Description of the Action, Resistance Mechanism, and Nosocomial Battleground, Journal of Biomedical Sciences, 15, 5-14.
• Sköld O (2001). Resistance to Trimethoprim and Sulfonamides, Veterinary Research, 32, 261-273.
• Thompson SA, Maani EV ve Lindell AH (2007). Novel Tetracycline Resistance Determinant Isolated from an Environmental Strain of Serratia marcescens, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73, 2199-2206. TUİK (2016) https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=97&locale=tr Erişim Tarihi: 05.12.2017 14.35
• Walsh C. Molecular Mechanisms that Confer Antibacterial Drug Resistance, Nature, 2000, 406, 775-781.
• Wright GD (2007). The Antibiotic Resistome: The Nexus of Chemical Genetic Diversity, Nature Reviews Microbiology, 5 (3), 175-186.
• Wright GD (2010). Antibiotic Resistance in the Environment: A Link to the Clinic, Current Opinion in Microbiology, 13 (5), 589-594.
• Yılmaz E (2017). Kinolonlar, Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Infectious Diseases Special Topics, 10 (1), 99-105