Öz
Rainwater is a valuable resource that provides numerous benefits. The necessity of collecting and reusing rainwater has increased in cities where the effects of climate change are prominent. With little effort and a relatively high initial construction cost, harvesting rainwater can be a cost-effective benefit. In addition to its economic benefits it is an environmentally friendly process that prevents the rainwater from going to waste. In this research the roofs of 24 buildings in an area around Ege University Central Campus (Izmir, Turkey), which has a Mediterranean climate, were selected for a pilot project. The amount of rainwater to be harvested was calculated to be 16.570,30 m3. This study determined that the potential rainwater to be harvested from the research area throughout the year could provide 11% of the water required for irrigation of the existing green areas throughout the year and 20% of the water required for irrigation from April to October. Therefore, considering the ratio of the potential rainwater that was harvested during the summer season to the potential rainwater amount that could be harvested throughout the year, this experiment showed the potential benefits of storing the harvested rainwater in the rainy spring and winter seasons throughout the year.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Almeida AP, Liberalesso T, Silva CM, Sousa V (2021) Dynamic modelling of rainwater harvesting with green roofs in university buildings. Journal of Cleaner Production 312(2021): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127655
- Bayramoğlu E, Büyükkurt U (2020) Water savings in sustainable campuses: Example of KTU Kanuni Campus. Online Journal of Art and Design 8(4): 347-353. http://www.adjournal.net/articles/84/8420.pdf
- Biswas BK, Mandal BH (2014) Construction and evaluation of rainwater harvesting system for domestic use in a remote and rural area of Khulna, Bangladesh. International Scholarly Research Notices 2014: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/751952
- Doorn N, Brackel L, Vermeulen S (2021) Distributing responsibilities for climate adaptation: Examples from the water domain. Sustainability 13(7) 3676: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073676
- Eren B, Aygün A, Likos S, Damar Aİ (2016) Yağmur suyu hasadı: Sakarya Üniversitesi Esentepe Kampüs örneği. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Innovative Technologies in Engineering and Science, Antalya (Turkey), 487-494. https://www.isites.info/PastConferences/ISITES2016/ISITES2016/papers/A18-ISITES2016ID66.pdf
- ESRI (2022) World imagery [Basemap] Update date: 24 February 2022. https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=10df2279f9684e4a9f6a7f08febac2a9. Accessed 02 February, 2022.
- Farreny R, Morales-Pinzón T, Guisasola A, Tayà C, Rieradevall J, Gabarrell X (2011) Roof selection for rainwater harvesting: Quantity and quality assessments in Spain. Water Research 45(10): 3245-3254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.03.036
- Gould J, Nissen–Petersen E (1999) Rainwater Catchment Systems for Domestic Supply – Design, Construction and Implementation. ITDG Publishing.
- Hajjar H, Kılınç İK, Ülker E (2020) Rainwater harvesting potential in public buildings: A case study in Katip Celebi University. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science 9(Special issue): 167-172. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1076770
- Hari D, Reddy KR, Vikas K, Srinivas N, Vikas G (2018) Assessment of rainwater harvesting potential using GIS. Proceedings of the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, India, 330(1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/330/1/012119
- Hernández M, Morote AF (2019) The use of rainwater in Alicante (southeast Spain). A new urban approach to urban water management. UPLanD-Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & Environmental Design 4(1): 53-66. https://doi.org/10.6092/2531-9906/6113
- Kakoulas DA, Golfinopoulos SK, Koumparou D, Alexakis DE (2022) The Effectiveness of Rainwater Harvesting Infrastructure in a Mediterranean Island. Water 14(5):716. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14050716
- Lee S, Kim R (2012) Rainwater Harvesting . In: Meyers, R.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_332
- Lee JY, Kim H, Han M (2016) Importance of maintenance in rainwater harvesting systems: A case study. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply 16(1): 97-103. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.115
- Küçüksayan C, Gülez S, Cengiz B (2011) Peyzaj alanlarında otomatik sulama sistemi uygulamasının irdelenmesi: Ankara kenti örneği. Journal of Bartın Faculty of Forestry 13(19): 52-62. ISSN: 1302-0943. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/297586
- Official Gazette of Turkish Republic (2021) Izmir Metropolitan Municipality Zoning Regulation.https://www.izmir.bel.tr/YuklenenDosyalar/Dokumanlar/1_14072021_113025_izmir-buyuksehir-belediyesi-imar-yonetmeligi.pdf.pdf. Accessed 17 October, 2021.
- Sarıkıoç E (2007) Peyzaj alanlarında kullanılan sulama yöntemleri ve bitki su tüketim modellerinin Türkiye’nin üç farklı iklim bölgesinde uygulanması. [Unpublished MSc dissertation], Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi.
- Temizkan S, Tuna Kayılı M (2021) Yağmur suyu toplama sistemlerinde optimum depolama yönteminin belirlenmesi: Karabük Üniversitesi Sosyal Yaşam Merkezi örneği. El-Cezerî Journal of Science and Engineering 13(1): 102-116. https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.778973
- TSMS (Turkish State Meteorological Service) (2021) general statistics of our provinces (İzmir) official statistics. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=A&m=IZMIR. Accessed 14 October, 2021.
- Yalılı Kılıç M, Abuş MN (2018) Bahçeli Bir Konut Örneğinde Yağmur Suyu Hasadı. International Journal of Agriculture and Wildlife Science 4(2): 209 - 215. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/593455
Öz
Yağmur suyu sayısız fayda sağlayan değerli bir kaynaktır. İklim değişikliğinin etkilerinin öne çıktığı kentlerde yağmur sularının toplanması ve tekrar kullanılması gerekliliği artmıştır. Çok az çaba ve nispeten yüksek ilk inşaat maliyeti ile yağmur sularının toplanması, uzun vadede maliyet etkin bir eylem olarak görülmektedir. Yağmur suyu hasadı, ekonomik faydalarının yanı sıra yağmur sularının boşa gitmesini engelleyen çevre dostu bir süreçtir. Bu araştırmada, Akdeniz iklimi etkisi altındaki İzmir (Türkiye) kentinde yer alan Ege Üniversitesi Merkez Yerleşkesi’nde bulunan 24 binanın çatıları pilot proje alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında hasat edilecek yağmur suyu miktarı 16.570,30 m3 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yıl boyunca pilot proje alanından toplanacak potansiyel yağmur sularının mevcut yeşil alanların yıl boyunca sulanması için gerekli olan suyun %11'ini, Nisan-Ekim aylarında yapılacak sulama için gerekli olan kaynağın ise %20'sini karşılayabileceği belirlenmiştir. Bu nedenle, araştırma alanında yaz mevsiminde toplanan potansiyel yağmur suyunun yıl boyunca toplanabilecek potansiyel yağmur suyu miktarına oranı dikkate alındığında bu araştırma, hasat edilecek yağmur suyunun yağışlı ilkbahar ve kış aylarında depolanmasının potansiyel faydalarını göstermiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Almeida AP, Liberalesso T, Silva CM, Sousa V (2021) Dynamic modelling of rainwater harvesting with green roofs in university buildings. Journal of Cleaner Production 312(2021): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127655
- Bayramoğlu E, Büyükkurt U (2020) Water savings in sustainable campuses: Example of KTU Kanuni Campus. Online Journal of Art and Design 8(4): 347-353. http://www.adjournal.net/articles/84/8420.pdf
- Biswas BK, Mandal BH (2014) Construction and evaluation of rainwater harvesting system for domestic use in a remote and rural area of Khulna, Bangladesh. International Scholarly Research Notices 2014: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/751952
- Doorn N, Brackel L, Vermeulen S (2021) Distributing responsibilities for climate adaptation: Examples from the water domain. Sustainability 13(7) 3676: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13073676
- Eren B, Aygün A, Likos S, Damar Aİ (2016) Yağmur suyu hasadı: Sakarya Üniversitesi Esentepe Kampüs örneği. Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Innovative Technologies in Engineering and Science, Antalya (Turkey), 487-494. https://www.isites.info/PastConferences/ISITES2016/ISITES2016/papers/A18-ISITES2016ID66.pdf
- ESRI (2022) World imagery [Basemap] Update date: 24 February 2022. https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=10df2279f9684e4a9f6a7f08febac2a9. Accessed 02 February, 2022.
- Farreny R, Morales-Pinzón T, Guisasola A, Tayà C, Rieradevall J, Gabarrell X (2011) Roof selection for rainwater harvesting: Quantity and quality assessments in Spain. Water Research 45(10): 3245-3254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.03.036
- Gould J, Nissen–Petersen E (1999) Rainwater Catchment Systems for Domestic Supply – Design, Construction and Implementation. ITDG Publishing.
- Hajjar H, Kılınç İK, Ülker E (2020) Rainwater harvesting potential in public buildings: A case study in Katip Celebi University. Turkish Journal of Nature and Science 9(Special issue): 167-172. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/1076770
- Hari D, Reddy KR, Vikas K, Srinivas N, Vikas G (2018) Assessment of rainwater harvesting potential using GIS. Proceedings of the IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, India, 330(1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/330/1/012119
- Hernández M, Morote AF (2019) The use of rainwater in Alicante (southeast Spain). A new urban approach to urban water management. UPLanD-Journal of Urban Planning, Landscape & Environmental Design 4(1): 53-66. https://doi.org/10.6092/2531-9906/6113
- Kakoulas DA, Golfinopoulos SK, Koumparou D, Alexakis DE (2022) The Effectiveness of Rainwater Harvesting Infrastructure in a Mediterranean Island. Water 14(5):716. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14050716
- Lee S, Kim R (2012) Rainwater Harvesting . In: Meyers, R.A. (eds) Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3_332
- Lee JY, Kim H, Han M (2016) Importance of maintenance in rainwater harvesting systems: A case study. Water Science and Technology: Water Supply 16(1): 97-103. https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.115
- Küçüksayan C, Gülez S, Cengiz B (2011) Peyzaj alanlarında otomatik sulama sistemi uygulamasının irdelenmesi: Ankara kenti örneği. Journal of Bartın Faculty of Forestry 13(19): 52-62. ISSN: 1302-0943. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/297586
- Official Gazette of Turkish Republic (2021) Izmir Metropolitan Municipality Zoning Regulation.https://www.izmir.bel.tr/YuklenenDosyalar/Dokumanlar/1_14072021_113025_izmir-buyuksehir-belediyesi-imar-yonetmeligi.pdf.pdf. Accessed 17 October, 2021.
- Sarıkıoç E (2007) Peyzaj alanlarında kullanılan sulama yöntemleri ve bitki su tüketim modellerinin Türkiye’nin üç farklı iklim bölgesinde uygulanması. [Unpublished MSc dissertation], Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi.
- Temizkan S, Tuna Kayılı M (2021) Yağmur suyu toplama sistemlerinde optimum depolama yönteminin belirlenmesi: Karabük Üniversitesi Sosyal Yaşam Merkezi örneği. El-Cezerî Journal of Science and Engineering 13(1): 102-116. https://doi.org/10.31202/ecjse.778973
- TSMS (Turkish State Meteorological Service) (2021) general statistics of our provinces (İzmir) official statistics. https://www.mgm.gov.tr/veridegerlendirme/il-ve-ilceler-istatistik.aspx?k=A&m=IZMIR. Accessed 14 October, 2021.
- Yalılı Kılıç M, Abuş MN (2018) Bahçeli Bir Konut Örneğinde Yağmur Suyu Hasadı. International Journal of Agriculture and Wildlife Science 4(2): 209 - 215. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/593455
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Ziraat Mühendisliği (Diğer) |
| Bölüm | Araştırma |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 |