Öz
Çalışma,
Türkiye’de çilek fidelerinde karşılaşılan sorunları ortaya koymak amacıyla ele
alınmıştır. Türkiye’de 2015 yılı itibarıyla sertifikalı çilek fidesi miktarı,
toplam çilek dikilecek alanlar için gerekli sertifikalı fide miktarının ancak
%24’ünü karşılamaktadır. Geri kalan %76’lık kısım üreticinin koldan aldığı fide
ile karşılanmaktadır. Üreticilerin koldan elde ettiği fidelerdeki patojen Fusarium
spp.’nin bulunma oranı, sertifikalı frigo fidelerdekinin 3-4 katı, patojen Rhizoctonia
spp.’nin üreticilerin koldan elde ettiği fidelerdeki bulunma oranı sertifikalı
frigo fidelerdekinin 2-4.5 katıdır. Çilek fideliğinde kullanılan methyl bromide
alternatifi fumigantlar, toprak kaynaklı fungal patojenler açısından sorunları
tam olarak çözememektedir. Ülkemizde halen yürürlükte olan “Çilek Fidesi Üretimi,
Sertifikasyonu ve Pazarlaması Yönetmeliği”nin Türkiye’de varlığı tespit edilmiş
bazı hastalık etmenleri açısından EPPO (Avrupa and Akdeniz Bitki Koruma
Organizasyonu) standartları ile uyum sağlayacak şekilde güncellenmesi yararlı
olacaktır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
sertifikalı çilek fidesi methyl bromide Fusarium spp. Rhizoctonia spp.
Kaynakça
- Ajwa HA, Klose S, Nelson SD, Minuto A, Gullino ML, Lamberti F, Lopez-Aranda JM (2003) Alternatives to Methyl Bromide in Strawberry Production in the United States of America and the Mediterranean Region. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 42(3): 220–244.
- Anonim (2008) European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization EPPO Certification Scheme for Strawberry. https://gd.eppo.int/download/standard/ 90/pm4-011-2-en.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 06/02/2017).
- Anonim (2010) Çilek Fidesi Üretimi, Sertifikasyonu ve Pazarlaması Yönetmeliği, Resmi Gazete, Sayı: 27635, 8 Temmuz 2010. http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/ eskiler/2010/07/20100708-3.htm (Erişim tarihi: 06/02/2017).
- Anonim (2016a) Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Başkanlığı (TUIK), Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul (Erişim Tarihi: 06/02/2017).
- Anonim (2016b) Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, BÜGEM Faaliyetleri, Nisan 2016, http://www.tarim.gov.tr/sgb/Belgeler/SagMenuVeriler/BUGEM.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 08/02/2017).
- Anonim (2017a) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Statistics Division. http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E (Erişim tarihi: 06/02/2017).
- Anonim (2017b) Ozone Secreteriat, Decision XXVI/6: Critical-Use Exemptions for Methyl Bromide for 2015 and 2016. http://ozone.unep.org (Erişim tarihi: 06/02/2017).
- Benlioğlu S, Boz Ö, Yıldız A, Kaşkavalcı G, Benlioğlu K (2005) Alternative Soil Solarization Treatment for the Control of Soil-borne Diseases and Weeds of Strawberry in the Western Anatolia of Turkey. Journal of Phytopathology 153: 423–430.
- Benlioğlu S, Yıldız A, Döken T (2004) Studies to Determine the Causal Agents of Soil-borne Fungal diseases of Strawberries in Aydın and Control them by Soil Disinfestation. Journal of Phytopathology 152: 509–513.
- Dinler H (2014) Çilek Fidelerinde Toprak Kaynaklı Fungal Etmenlerin Saptanması Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Aydın.
- Dinler H, Benlioğlu S, Benlioğlu K (2015) Incidence of Fungal Pathogens in Strawberry Seedlings in Aydın Province. The Journal of Turkish Phytopathology 4(1–3): 31–38.
- Dinler H, Benlioğlu S, Benlioğlu K (2016) Occurrence of Fusarium Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum on Strawberry Transplants in Aydın Province in Turkey. Australasian Plant Disease Notes 11:10.
- Durak DE, Demirci E (2014) Erzurum İlinde Çilek Bitkilerinden İzole Edilen Fusarium Türlerinin Patojeniteleri. Bitki Koruma Bülteni 54: 247–253.
- Golzar H, Phillips D, Mack S (2007) Occurrence of Strawberry Root and Crown Rot in Western Australia. Australian Plant Disease Notes 2:145–147.
- Hancock JF (1990) Ecological Genetics of Natural Strawberry Species. HortScience 25:869–871.
- Koike ST, Gordon TR, Daugovish O, Ajwa H (2013). Fusarium Wilt of Strawberry. California Strawberry Comission Issue 11, Watsonville CA USA.
- Koike ST, Kirkpatrick SC, Gordon TR (2009) Fusarium Wilt of Strawberry Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in California. The American Phytopathological Society 93(10): 1077.
- Martinez TA, Chome P, Becerril M, Soria C, Medina JJ, López-Aranda JM (2009) The Strawberry Nursery Industry in Spain: An Update. In: Acta Horticulturae [Internet] International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), Aug 2009 (842): 691–694.
- Wang L, Tongle H, Lijing J, Keqiang C (2007) Inhibitory Efficacy of Calcium Cyanamide on The Pathogens of Replant Diseases in Strawberry. Frontiers of Agriculture in China 1(2):183–187.
- Yeşilçöllü S, Gümüş M (2009) Ege Bölgesi Çilek Üretim Alanlarında Görülen Viral Etmenlerin Tanılanması. Türkiye III. Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildiri Özetleri, 15–18 Temmuz 2009, Van, 222.
- Yıldız A, Benlioğlu S, Boz Ö, Benlioğlu K (2010) Use of Different Plastics for Soil Solarization in Strawberry Growth and Time–Temperature Relationships for the Control of Macrophomina phaseolina and Weeds. Phytoparasitica 38(5): 463–473.
- Yücel S, Elekçioglu IH, Uludag A, Can C, Sögüt MA, Özarslandan A, Aksoy E (2001) The First Year Results of Methyl Bromide Alternatives in the Eastern Mediterranean. In: Proceedings Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions. 5–9 November 2001, San Diego CA USA, 94_1–94_4.
- Yücel S, Elekçioglu IH, Uludag A, Can C, Sögüt MA, Özarslandan A, Aksoy E (2002) The Second Year Results of Methyl Bromide Alternatives in the Eastern Mediterranean. In: Proceedings Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, 6–8 November 2002, Orlando FL USA, 10:1–4.
- Yücel S, Elekçioglu IH, Uludag A, Can C, Sögüt MA, Özarslandan A, Aksoy E (2007) Alternative Treatments to Methyl Bromide in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 31: 47–53.
- Yücel S, Tangolar SG (2007) Çilek Fidesi Yetiştiriciliğinde Metil Bromür’e Alternatif Uygulamaların Ön Sonuçları. Türkiye II. Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildirileri, 27–29 Ağustos 2007, Isparta, 342.
- Zhang Y, Tongle HU, Lijing JI, Keqiang CAO (2008) A Bio-Product as Alternative to Methyl Bromide for Replant Disease Control on Strawberry. Frontiers of Agriculture in China 2(1): 72–76.
- Zhen WC, Cao KQ, Dai L, Hu TL (2005) Management of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch) Replanting Problem by Soil Amendments of Medicinal Herbs. Scienta Agricultura Sinica 38(4): 730–735.
Öz
The
study was carried out in order to reveal the problems encountered in strawberry
seedlings in Turkey. As of 2015, the amount of certified strawberry transplants
meets only 24% of the certified seedling amount required for total strawberry
planting areas in Turkey. The remaining 76% is compensated with the transplants
obtained from runners by the strawberry growers. The incidence of Fusarium spp.
and Rhizoctonia spp. in transplants produced by growers is 3-4 times and 2-4.5
times that of certified frigo seedlings, respectively. Alternative fumigants to
methyl bromide used in seedling production can not completely solve the
problems in terms of soil-born fungal pathogens. Current Strawberry Seedling
Certification procedure in our country should better be updated to comply with
EPPO (European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organisation) standards for
certain disease agents recently detected in Turkey.
Anahtar Kelimeler
certified strawberry seedlings methyl bromide Fusarium spp. Rhizoctonia spp.
Kaynakça
- Ajwa HA, Klose S, Nelson SD, Minuto A, Gullino ML, Lamberti F, Lopez-Aranda JM (2003) Alternatives to Methyl Bromide in Strawberry Production in the United States of America and the Mediterranean Region. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 42(3): 220–244.
- Anonim (2008) European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization EPPO Certification Scheme for Strawberry. https://gd.eppo.int/download/standard/ 90/pm4-011-2-en.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 06/02/2017).
- Anonim (2010) Çilek Fidesi Üretimi, Sertifikasyonu ve Pazarlaması Yönetmeliği, Resmi Gazete, Sayı: 27635, 8 Temmuz 2010. http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/ eskiler/2010/07/20100708-3.htm (Erişim tarihi: 06/02/2017).
- Anonim (2016a) Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu Başkanlığı (TUIK), Bitkisel Üretim İstatistikleri. http://tuikapp.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul (Erişim Tarihi: 06/02/2017).
- Anonim (2016b) Gıda, Tarım ve Hayvancılık Bakanlığı, BÜGEM Faaliyetleri, Nisan 2016, http://www.tarim.gov.tr/sgb/Belgeler/SagMenuVeriler/BUGEM.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 08/02/2017).
- Anonim (2017a) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Statistics Division. http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E (Erişim tarihi: 06/02/2017).
- Anonim (2017b) Ozone Secreteriat, Decision XXVI/6: Critical-Use Exemptions for Methyl Bromide for 2015 and 2016. http://ozone.unep.org (Erişim tarihi: 06/02/2017).
- Benlioğlu S, Boz Ö, Yıldız A, Kaşkavalcı G, Benlioğlu K (2005) Alternative Soil Solarization Treatment for the Control of Soil-borne Diseases and Weeds of Strawberry in the Western Anatolia of Turkey. Journal of Phytopathology 153: 423–430.
- Benlioğlu S, Yıldız A, Döken T (2004) Studies to Determine the Causal Agents of Soil-borne Fungal diseases of Strawberries in Aydın and Control them by Soil Disinfestation. Journal of Phytopathology 152: 509–513.
- Dinler H (2014) Çilek Fidelerinde Toprak Kaynaklı Fungal Etmenlerin Saptanması Üzerinde Araştırmalar. Doktora Tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, Aydın.
- Dinler H, Benlioğlu S, Benlioğlu K (2015) Incidence of Fungal Pathogens in Strawberry Seedlings in Aydın Province. The Journal of Turkish Phytopathology 4(1–3): 31–38.
- Dinler H, Benlioğlu S, Benlioğlu K (2016) Occurrence of Fusarium Wilt Caused by Fusarium oxysporum on Strawberry Transplants in Aydın Province in Turkey. Australasian Plant Disease Notes 11:10.
- Durak DE, Demirci E (2014) Erzurum İlinde Çilek Bitkilerinden İzole Edilen Fusarium Türlerinin Patojeniteleri. Bitki Koruma Bülteni 54: 247–253.
- Golzar H, Phillips D, Mack S (2007) Occurrence of Strawberry Root and Crown Rot in Western Australia. Australian Plant Disease Notes 2:145–147.
- Hancock JF (1990) Ecological Genetics of Natural Strawberry Species. HortScience 25:869–871.
- Koike ST, Gordon TR, Daugovish O, Ajwa H (2013). Fusarium Wilt of Strawberry. California Strawberry Comission Issue 11, Watsonville CA USA.
- Koike ST, Kirkpatrick SC, Gordon TR (2009) Fusarium Wilt of Strawberry Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in California. The American Phytopathological Society 93(10): 1077.
- Martinez TA, Chome P, Becerril M, Soria C, Medina JJ, López-Aranda JM (2009) The Strawberry Nursery Industry in Spain: An Update. In: Acta Horticulturae [Internet] International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS), Aug 2009 (842): 691–694.
- Wang L, Tongle H, Lijing J, Keqiang C (2007) Inhibitory Efficacy of Calcium Cyanamide on The Pathogens of Replant Diseases in Strawberry. Frontiers of Agriculture in China 1(2):183–187.
- Yeşilçöllü S, Gümüş M (2009) Ege Bölgesi Çilek Üretim Alanlarında Görülen Viral Etmenlerin Tanılanması. Türkiye III. Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildiri Özetleri, 15–18 Temmuz 2009, Van, 222.
- Yıldız A, Benlioğlu S, Boz Ö, Benlioğlu K (2010) Use of Different Plastics for Soil Solarization in Strawberry Growth and Time–Temperature Relationships for the Control of Macrophomina phaseolina and Weeds. Phytoparasitica 38(5): 463–473.
- Yücel S, Elekçioglu IH, Uludag A, Can C, Sögüt MA, Özarslandan A, Aksoy E (2001) The First Year Results of Methyl Bromide Alternatives in the Eastern Mediterranean. In: Proceedings Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions. 5–9 November 2001, San Diego CA USA, 94_1–94_4.
- Yücel S, Elekçioglu IH, Uludag A, Can C, Sögüt MA, Özarslandan A, Aksoy E (2002) The Second Year Results of Methyl Bromide Alternatives in the Eastern Mediterranean. In: Proceedings Annual International Research Conference on Methyl Bromide Alternatives and Emissions Reductions, 6–8 November 2002, Orlando FL USA, 10:1–4.
- Yücel S, Elekçioglu IH, Uludag A, Can C, Sögüt MA, Özarslandan A, Aksoy E (2007) Alternative Treatments to Methyl Bromide in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 31: 47–53.
- Yücel S, Tangolar SG (2007) Çilek Fidesi Yetiştiriciliğinde Metil Bromür’e Alternatif Uygulamaların Ön Sonuçları. Türkiye II. Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildirileri, 27–29 Ağustos 2007, Isparta, 342.
- Zhang Y, Tongle HU, Lijing JI, Keqiang CAO (2008) A Bio-Product as Alternative to Methyl Bromide for Replant Disease Control on Strawberry. Frontiers of Agriculture in China 2(1): 72–76.
- Zhen WC, Cao KQ, Dai L, Hu TL (2005) Management of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch) Replanting Problem by Soil Amendments of Medicinal Herbs. Scienta Agricultura Sinica 38(4): 730–735.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Ziraat Mühendisliği |
| Bölüm | Düzeltme |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Haziran 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 |