Experimental and Modeling Investigation of Mass Transfer during Infrared Drying of Kumquat Slices

Abstract

In this work, mass transfer of kumquat slices was investigated during infrared drying. The effect of the infrared radiation power (50-88 W) on the drying characteristics of the Kumquat slices was evaluated as the drying parameter. It was determined that the infrared power affected the drying and colour characteristics of kumquat slices and drying time decreased with increased infrared power. Five different mathematical models were evaluated for moisture ratios using nonlinear regression analysis. The results of regression analysis indicated that the Midilli & Kucuk model is the best model to describe the drying behaviour with the lowest RMSE values and highest R² value. The effective moisture diffusivity at each infrared power was determined by Fick’s second law of diffusion, an increase in the power led to increase in the effective moisture diffusivity between 8.31× 10⁻⁹ and 1.89 × 10⁻⁸ m²/s. The dependence of effective moisture diffusivity on infrared power was expressed by a modified Arrhenius type equation. Activation energy was estimated by a modified Arrhenius type equation as 1.92 kW/kg. A positive effect was observed on the ΔE with increasing in infrared power and with rising in infrared radiation power it was decreased. Whereas, it was observed that the chroma values increased with rising in infrared radiation power.

Keywords

• Activation energy,effective moisture diffusivity,kumquat,infrared drying

Kızılötesi Kurutma Sırasında Kumkuat Dilimlerinin Kütle Transferinin Deneysel ve Modelleme İncelemesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, kızılötesi kurutma sırasında kumkuat dilimlerinin kütle transferi araştırılmıştır. Kurutma parametresi olarak kızılötesi radyasyon gücünün (50-88 W) kumkuat dilimlerinin kurutma karakteristiği üzerindeki etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Kızılötesi gücün, kumkuat dilimlerinin kurumasını ve renk özelliklerini etkilediği ve kuruma süresinin artan kızılötesi güç ile azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Doğrusal olmayan regresyon analizi kullanılarak beş farklı matematiksel model nem oranları için değerlendirilmiştir. Regresyon analiz sonuçları Midilli & Kucuk modelinin en düşük c² ve RMSE değerleri ve en yüksek R² değerleri ile kurutma davranışını tanımlayan en iyi model olduğunu göstermiştir. Her bir kızılötesi güçteki efektif nem difüzyonu, Fick’in ikinci difüzyon yasası ile belirlenmiştir, güçteki artış efektif nem difüzyonunda 8.31×10⁻⁹ ve 1.89 10⁻⁸ m²/s arasında artışa yol açmıştır. Efektif nem difüzyonun kızılötesi güçe bağımlılığı modifiye bir Arrhenius tipi denklem ile ifade edilmiştir. Aktivasyon enerjisi modifiye Arrhenius tipi denklem ile 1.92 kW/kg olarak hesaplanmıştır. Kızılötesi güçteki artma ile ΔE'de pozitif bir etki gözlemlenmiş ve kızılötesi radyasyon gücündeki yükselme ile bu etki azalmıştır. Bununla birlikte kızılötesi radyasyon gücündeki yükselmenin chroma değerlerini artırdığı gözlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Aktivasyon enerjisi,Efektif nem difüzyonu,Kumkuat,Kızılötesi kurutma

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