Determination of Antioxidant Capacity by Microwave Assisted Extraction from Pomegranate Peel Wastes: Optimization and GC-MS Based Profile Analysis

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 26, 238 - 252, 31.08.2025

Zehra Akıncı , Veyis Selen , Muhammet Şaban Tanyıldızı

https://doi.org/10.54365/adyumbd.1699536

Abstract

Pomegranate peel wastes were extracted using microwave-assisted extraction method using experimental design. Antioxidant capacity (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP), total phenolic matter (TFM) and total flavonoid matter (TFVM) were followed as outcome variables in the evaluation of bioactive properties of the extracts. Validation and optimization studies were carried out for the model equations obtained separately for each result variable. The content analysis of the extracts obtained at optimum points was qualitatively analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) to reveal the effect of extraction conditions on component changes and the relationship between components and result variables. The most similar components were observed in the extracts obtained from FRAP and DPPH analysis, whereas the components obtained under conditions optimized for ABTS analysis differed significantly from those obtained by other methods. This reveals that the common methods followed in the determination of bioactive components from plants are closely related to the measurement mechanism, and the analytical sensitivity of the methods may give different results. In addition, the component variation followed showed that different industrially valuable components can be obtained.

Keywords

Antioxidant capacity analysis methods , optimization , GC-MS , pomegranate peel

Project Number

MF

Nar Kabuğu Atıklarından Mikrodalga Destekli Ekstraksiyon ile Antioksidan Kapasite Tayini: Optimizasyon ve GC-MS ile Profil Analizi

Abstract

Nar kabuğu atıkları mikrodalga destekli ekstraksiyon yöntemi ile deneysel tasarım kullanılarak ekstrakte edilmiştir. Ekstraktların biyoaktif özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesinde antioksidan kapasite (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP), toplam fenolik madde (TFM) ve toplam flavonoid madde (TFVM) miktarı sonuç değişkeni olarak takip edilmiştir. Her bir sonuç değişkeni için ayrı ayrı elde edilen model denklemlerin doğrulama ve optimizasyon çalışmaları yapılmıştır. Ekstraksiyon şartlarının bileşen değişimine etkisi ve bileşenlerin sonuç değişkenleri ile ilişkisini ortaya koymak için optimum noktalarda elde edilen ekstraktların içerik analizi gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektrofotometresi (GC-MS) ile kalitatif olarak incelenmiştir. Benzer bileşenlerin en yoğun gözlemlendiği yöntemler FRAP ve DPPH analizinden elde edilen ekstraktlar olup, ABTS analizi için optimize edilen şartlarda elde edilen bileşenlerin diğer yöntemlere göre elde edilenlerden anlamlı ölçüde farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Bu durum bitkilerden elde edilen biyoaktif bileşenlerin tayininde takip edilen yaygın yöntemlerin ölçüm mekanizması ile yakından ilişkili olduğunu, yöntemlerin analitik duyarlılığının farklı sonuçlar verebileceğini ortaya koymaktadır. Ayrıca takip edilen bileşen değişimi endüstriyel açıdan değerli farklı bileşenlerin elde edilebileceğini göstermiştir

Keywords

Antioksidan kapasite analiz yöntemleri , optimizasyon , GC-MS , nar kabuğu

Project Number

MF

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