SOĞUK SAVAŞ SONRASINDA ROMANYA’NIN KARADENİZ POLİTİKASI

Abstract

Soğuk Savaş sonrasında Romanya, Avrupa-Atlantik sisteminin Karadeniz’e uzanan genişleme politikasının etkin bir savunucusu ve katılımcısı olmuştur. Dış politika önceliklerini ABD’yle stratejik ortaklık, NATO ve AB üyeliği olarak belirleyen Romanya, 1990’lardan bu yana Washington’un bölgesel çıkarlarıyla örtüşen Karadeniz politikası izleyen tek kıyıdaş ülkedir. 2008 Rusya-Gürcistan Savaşı, 2014’te başlayan Ukrayna Krizi ve 2022’den bu yana devam eden Ukrayna Savaşı öncesinde de Romanya, ABD’nin çıkarlarıyla uyumlu bir şekilde, Rus etkisini önlemeyi, ‘Rusya’yı caydırmayı’ hedeflemiştir. Dolayısıyla 1990’lardan bu yana Bükreş’in Karadeniz politikasına yön veren, ‘Rusya’nın eylemlerinin yol açtığı risk ve tehditler’ değil; Karadeniz’de varlık göstermeyi hedefleyen ABD’nin bölgesel çıkarlarıdır. Romanya’nın, Montrö Boğazlar Sözleşmesi’ni sona erdirebilecek taraf devletlerden biri olduğu dikkate alındığında, Bükreş’in ABD’nin hedefleriyle uyumlu bölge politikası, Karadeniz’in güvenliğine yönelik giderek daha büyük bir risk oluşturmaktadır.

Keywords

• Karadeniz
• Romanya
• ABD
• NATO
• AB

ROMANIA’S BLACK SEA POLICY AFTER THE COLD WAR

Abstract

After the Cold War, Romania became an active advocate and participant of the Euro-Atlantic system's expansion policy towards the Black Sea. Romania, which defines its foreign policy priorities as a strategic partnership with the United States and NATO and EU membership, is the only coastal country that has pursued a Black Sea policy that coincides with Washington's regional interests since the 1990s. Even before the 2008 Russia-Georgia War, the Ukrainian Crisis that began in 2014, and the Ukrainian War that has been ongoing since 2022, Romania aimed to prevent Russian influence and ‘deter Russia’ in line with US interests. Therefore, what has guided Bucharest’s Black Sea policy since the 1990s has not been the ‘risks and threats caused by Russia’s actions’ but the regional interests of the USA, which aims to establish a presence in the Black Sea. Considering that Romania is one of the parties to the Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits that could terminate it, Bucharest’s regional policy, which is in line with US objectives, poses an increasingly greater risk to the security of the Black Sea.

Keywords

• The Black Sea
• Romania
• USA
• NATO
• EU

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