Theoretical Article
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PSİKANALİZ VE DİL: YAPISALCILIKTAN POSTYAPISALCILIĞA GÖSTERENİN STATÜSÜ

Year 2025, Issue: 51, 344 - 373, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.1784222

Abstract

Bu yazı, dilbilimsel bir terim olarak ‘gösterenin’ statüsünü odağa alarak, Lacan’ın Saussurecü göstergenin birlik ilkesini nasıl gösteren lehine asimetrikleştirip dağıttığı konusuna ve gösterenin öncelik kazanmasının sunduğu imkanlara eğilmektedir. Yazıda, Lacan’ın Freud’un rüya kuramındaki yoğunlaşma ve yer değiştirme mekanizmalarını Roman Jakobson’un metafor/metonimi ayrımıyla eşleyerek dilin iki ekseni (seçim/birleştirme) üzerinden yeniden okumasının sonuçlarını inceliyorum. Lacan, gösterene ağırlık vererek anlamın ertelenmesi ve gösteren zinciri boyunca sürekli kayması fikrini öne çıkarmaktadır. Buna göre anlam, sabit bir gösterilene değil, gösterenlerin düzenlenişine bağlı geçici sabitlemelere dayanır. Bunun klinik düzlemdeki sonucu semptomun da bir metafor olarak görülmesidir. Böylelikle semptom bastırılmış içeriğin doğrudan ifadesi değil, ikame ve kayma yoluyla kurulmuş bir gösteren olarak belirmektedir. Anlamın, anlam kaymalarını da içerecek şekilde gösterenlerin bitimsiz akışı içerisine yerleştirilmesi anlamın sabitliğine de meydan okuyan bir fikirdir. Bu meydan okuma, yapısalcılık ile post-yapısalcılık arasındaki temel ayrımı da ortaya koymaktadır. Anlamın sabit olarak kabul edilmesi ile sürekli akış içinde kabul edilmesi biçiminde tarif edilmesi mümkün olan bu ayrım, nihai olarak, gösterenin statüsüne dayanmaktadır.

References

  • Altuğ, T. (2008). Dile Gelen Felsefe. İstanbul: YKY.
  • Bailly, L. (2009). Lacan: A Beginner’s Guide. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.
  • Barry, P. (2009). Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Bennett, A. & Royle N. (2014). An Introduction to Literature, Criticism and Theory. London: Routledge.
  • Bowie, M. (1991). Lacan. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Culler, J. (2000). Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Derrida, J. (1997). Of Grammatology. Trans. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Dor, J. (2004). Introduction to the Reading of Lacan. New York: Other Press.
  • Ffytche, M. (2022). Sigmund Freud. Cornwall: Reaktion Books.
  • Fink, B. (1995). The Lacanian Subject. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Freud, S. (2010). The Interpretation of Dreams. Trans. James Strachey. New York: Basic Books.
  • Jakobson, R. (1956). Fundamentals of Language. Gravenhage: Mouton & Co.
  • Lacan, J. (2006). Ecrits. Trans. Bruce Fink. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Lemaire, A. (1977). Jacques Lacan. Trans. David Macey. London: Routledge.
  • Nasio, J.D. (1998). Five Lessons on the Psychoanalytic Theory of Jacques Lacan. Trans. David Pettigrew & Francois Raffoul. New York: State University of New York Press.
  • Neill, C. (2023). Jacques Lacan. London: Routledge.
  • Nobus, D. (2003). “Lacan’s Science of the Subject: Between Linguistics and Topology.” The Cambridge Companion to Lacan. (Der.) Jean-Michel Rabate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 50-68.
  • Ragland-Sullivan, E. (1991). “The Sexual Masquerade: A Lacanian Theory of Sexual Difference.” Lacan and the Subject of Language. (Der.) Ellie Ragland-Sullivan & Mark Bracher. London: Routledge. 49-80.
  • Sarup, M. (1992). Jacques Lacan. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • Saussure, F. (2011). Course in General Linguistics. Trans. Wayde Baskin. New York: Columbia University Press
  • Stocker, B. (2006). Derrida on Deconstruction. London: Routledge.
  • Thurschwell, P. (2009). Sigmund Freud. London: Routledge.

PSYCHOANALYSIS AND LANGUAGE: THE STATUS OF THE SIGNIFIER FROM STRUCTURALISM TO POSTSTRUCTURALISM

Year 2025, Issue: 51, 344 - 373, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.1784222

Abstract

This article focuses on the status of the “signifier” as a linguistic term, showing how Lacan breaks the Saussurean unity of the sign and privileges the signifier over the signified, and it also examines the possibilities opened by the signifier’s primacy. Re-reading Freud’s dream-work through Roman Jakobson’s linguistic terminology, Lacan aligns condensation with metaphor and displacement with metonymy, mapping these processes onto language’s axes of selection and combination. Lacan emphasizes the deferral of meaning and its continual sliding along the signifying chain. Accordingly, meaning rests not in a stable signified but in provisional fixations dependent on the arrangement of signifiers. Clinically, the symptom functions as metaphor: not a direct expression of repressed content but a signifier constituted through substitution and displacement. Situating meaning within the endless flow of signifiers is an idea which includes the shifts of meaning, and which poses a challenge to the idea that holds the meaning to be stable. This challenge also reveals the basic difference between structuralism and post-structuralism. This difference which may be defined as the difference between accepting the meaning as fixed and accepting it in an endless flow, ultimately depends on the status of the signifier.

References

  • Altuğ, T. (2008). Dile Gelen Felsefe. İstanbul: YKY.
  • Bailly, L. (2009). Lacan: A Beginner’s Guide. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.
  • Barry, P. (2009). Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Bennett, A. & Royle N. (2014). An Introduction to Literature, Criticism and Theory. London: Routledge.
  • Bowie, M. (1991). Lacan. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Culler, J. (2000). Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Derrida, J. (1997). Of Grammatology. Trans. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Dor, J. (2004). Introduction to the Reading of Lacan. New York: Other Press.
  • Ffytche, M. (2022). Sigmund Freud. Cornwall: Reaktion Books.
  • Fink, B. (1995). The Lacanian Subject. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Freud, S. (2010). The Interpretation of Dreams. Trans. James Strachey. New York: Basic Books.
  • Jakobson, R. (1956). Fundamentals of Language. Gravenhage: Mouton & Co.
  • Lacan, J. (2006). Ecrits. Trans. Bruce Fink. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Lemaire, A. (1977). Jacques Lacan. Trans. David Macey. London: Routledge.
  • Nasio, J.D. (1998). Five Lessons on the Psychoanalytic Theory of Jacques Lacan. Trans. David Pettigrew & Francois Raffoul. New York: State University of New York Press.
  • Neill, C. (2023). Jacques Lacan. London: Routledge.
  • Nobus, D. (2003). “Lacan’s Science of the Subject: Between Linguistics and Topology.” The Cambridge Companion to Lacan. (Der.) Jean-Michel Rabate. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 50-68.
  • Ragland-Sullivan, E. (1991). “The Sexual Masquerade: A Lacanian Theory of Sexual Difference.” Lacan and the Subject of Language. (Der.) Ellie Ragland-Sullivan & Mark Bracher. London: Routledge. 49-80.
  • Sarup, M. (1992). Jacques Lacan. London: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • Saussure, F. (2011). Course in General Linguistics. Trans. Wayde Baskin. New York: Columbia University Press
  • Stocker, B. (2006). Derrida on Deconstruction. London: Routledge.
  • Thurschwell, P. (2009). Sigmund Freud. London: Routledge.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Language Studies (Other)
Journal Section Theoretical Article
Authors

Abdurrahman Aydın 0000-0001-9443-4536

Submission Date September 15, 2025
Acceptance Date December 27, 2025
Publication Date December 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 51

Cite

APA Aydın, A. (2025). PSİKANALİZ VE DİL: YAPISALCILIKTAN POSTYAPISALCILIĞA GÖSTERENİN STATÜSÜ. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(51), 344-373. https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.1784222