THE EFFECTS OF AGGLOMERATION EXTERNALITIES ON SECTORAL EMPLOYMENT GROWTH IN TURKEY

Abstract

Agglomeration economies are considered as the driving force behind the development of mega cities and large cities/regions, which are the most successful regions in world economy. According to “New Economic Geography” stream, externalities are approached as static and dynamic externalities. Dynamic externalities are classified as “Marshall (1891) – Arrow (1962) – Romer (1986, 1990) (MAR), Porter (1990) and Jacobs (1969)” by Glaeser et al. (1992). Dynamic externalities come out by the emergence of local knowledge and by strengthening communication among economic actors in the long term. Knowledge spillover also accelerates via strengthening of communication. This paper investigates whether agglomeration externalities affected regional growth in Turkey at the NUTS 3 level during the period 2010 – 2016 by using sectoral employment growth. The results of the study show that effect of MAR (Marshall–Arrow– Romer) externalities is found to be negative as they are in the studies done through the data of most of the countries. It is concluded that unrelated variety (JACOBS) has no effect on employment growth. Coefficients in most of the sectors are seen to be positive in PORTER externalities.

Keywords

• Agglomeration externalities
• MAR
• Jacobs
• Porter
• Emloyment growth

TÜRKİYE’DE YIĞILMA DIŞSALLIKLARININ SEKTÖREL İSTİHDAM ARTIŞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ

Abstract

Yığılma (Aglomerasyon) ekonomileri, dünya ekonomisinde en başarılı bölgeler olan mega şehirlerin ve büyük şehirlerin / bölgelerin gelişmesinin arkasındaki itici güç olarak kabul edilmektedir. Yeni Ekonomik Coğrafya akımına göre yığılma dışsallıkları statik ve dinamik olmak üzere ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Dinamik dışsallıklar, Glaeser et al. (1992) tarafından “Marshall (1891)- Arrow (1962)- Romer (1986, 1990) (MAR), Porter (1990) ve Jacobs (1969)” olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Dinamik dışsallıklar yerel bilginin ortaya çıkması sonucu uzun vadede ekonomik aktörler arasındaki iletişimi güçlendirmesi ile ortaya çıkar. Bilgi yayılımı aynı zamanda iletişimi güçlendirerek de hızlanır. Bu çalışmada, yığılma dışsallıklarının Türkiye'de NUTS 3 düzeyinde bölgesel büyümeyi etkileyip etkilemediği araştırmaktadır. 2010-2016 verilerinin kullanıldığı çalışmada, büyüme sektörel istihdam artışı kullanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, MAR (Marshall-Arrow-Romer) dışsallığının etkisinin, büyüme üzerinde negatif etkili olduğu ve sonucun literatürle uyumlu olduğu görülmüştür. İlişkili olmayan çeşitliliğin (JACOBS) istihdam artışı üzerinde bir etkisi olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. PORTER dışsallıklarında sektörlerin çoğundaki katsayıların pozitif olduğu görülmektedir.

Keywords

• Yığılma Dışsallıkları
• MAR
• Jacobs
• Porter
• İstihdam artışı

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