EVLİLİK KALİTESİNDE BAĞLANMA YARALANMALARI İLE BENLİĞİN FARKLILAŞMASININ ROLÜ

Year 2025, Issue: AİLE YILI ÖZEL SAYISI, 586 - 620, 30.10.2025

Özgür Tönbül

https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.1737154

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, evli bireylerde bağlanma yaralanmaları ile evlilik kalitesi arasındaki ilişkide benliğin farklılaşmasının aracılık rolünü incelemektir. Çalışmaya, uygun örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 269 (189 Kadın, 80 Erkek) evli birey katılmıştır. Veri toplama araçları olarak Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Benliğin Ayrımlaşması Ölçeği, Evlilikte Bağlanma Yaralanmaları Ölçeği ve Evlilik Kalitesi Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veri analizi SPSS 26 ve AMOS 23 programları ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada oluşturulan modelin uyum değerleri mükemmel bir uyum göstermiştir (X2/sd=.110, NFI=.995, CFI=1.000, IFI=1.00, RMSEA=.000). Sonraki korelasyon analizinde, yordayıcı değişkenler ile yordanan değişken arasında anlamlı ve pozitif bir ilişki gözlemlenmiştir (p<.01). Regresyon analizi, bağlanma yaralanmalarında düşük puana sahip olmanın evlilik kalitesini anlamlı bir şekilde yordadığını ortaya koymuştur (β= .13, p<.01). Bağlanma yaralanmalarının (bağımsız değişken) evlilik kalitesi (bağımlı değişken) üzerindeki etkisinin (β= .13, p<.01), modele benliğin farklılaşması değişkeninin dahil edilmesiyle ortadan kalktığı gözlemlenmiştir (β=.07, p>.05). Böylece, benliğin farklılaşmasının, bağlanma yaralanmaları ile evlilik kalitesi arasındaki ilişkide tam aracılık rolü oynadığı bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar literatür ışığında tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

Bağlanma Yaralanmaları , Evlilik Kalitesi , Benliğin Farklılaşması

THE ROLE OF ATTACHMENT INJURIES AND DIFFERENTIATION OF SELF IN MARITAL QUALITY

Abstract

This study aims to examine the mediating role of self-differentiation in the relationship between attachment injuries and marital quality among married individuals. A total of 269 married individuals (189 women and 80 men) were selected using appropriate sampling methods to participate in the study. The data collection tools included the Personal Information Form, the Self-Differentiation Scale, the Attachment Injuries in Marriage Scale, and the Marriage Quality Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26 and AMOS 23. The model developed in this study exhibited excellent fit values (X²/df = .110, NFI = .995, CFI = 1.000, IFI = 1.000, and RMSEA = .000). Subsequent correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between the predictor and predicted variables (p < .01). Regression analysis revealed that a low score on attachment injuries significantly predicted marital quality (β = .13, p < .01). However, the effect of attachment injuries on marital quality was found to disappear when the self-differentiation variable was included in the model. Thus, self-differentiation was found to play a full mediating role in the relationship between attachment injuries and marital quality. The results were discussed in light of the literature.

Keywords

Attachment Injuries , Marital Quality , Differentiation of Self

References

• Arpita, L. (2006). Relationship among differentiation of self, relationship satisfaction, partner support, depression, monitoring/blunting style, adherence to treatment and quality of life in patients with chronic lung disease. [Doctoral Dissertation]. The Ohio State University.
• Aryamanesh, S., Fallahchai, R., Zarei, E., & Haghighi, H. (2012). Comparison of differentiation among satisfying couples and conflicting couples in Bandar Abbas city. Journal of Life Science and Biomedicine, 2(6), 308–314.
• Batık, M. V., & Kalkan, M. (2017). Evlilikte algılanan sorun çözme becerileri ve evlilik doyumu. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(5), 2630- 2646. http://www.itobiad.com/en/pub/issue/31500/341815
• Bowen, M. (1978). Family therapy in clinical practice. Aronson.
• Butzer, B., & Campbell, L. (2008). Adult attachment, sexual satisfaction, and relationship satisfaction: A study of married couples. Personal relationships, 15(1), 141-154. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2007.00189.x
• Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö.E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2018). Eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık. https://doi.org/10.14527/9789944919289
• Canel, A. N. (2013). The development of the Marital Satisfaction Scale (MSS). Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri, 13(1), 97–117.
• Çağ, P. & Yıldırım, İ. (2013). Relational and personal variables predicting marital satisfaction. Turkish Journal of Psychological Counseling and Guidance, 4(39), 13-23.
• Dessaulles, A., Johnson, S. M., & Denton, W. H. (2003). Emotion focused therapy for couples in the treatment of depression: A pilot study. American Journal of Family Therapy, 31, 345–353. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926180390232266
• Doğan, İ. (2007). Sosyoloji: Kavramlar ve konular. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
• Ersanlı, K., & Kalkan, M. (2008). Evlilik ilişkilerini geliştirme kuram ve uygulama (1. Baskı). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
• Fricker, J. & Moore, S. (2002) Relationship satisfaction: The role of love styles and attachment styles. Current Research in Social Psychology, 7, 1-16.
• Furrow, J. L. & Bradley, B. (2011). Emotionally focused couple therapy: Making the case for effective couple therapy. In J. L. Furrow, S. M. Johnson, & B. A. Bradley (Eds.), The emotionally focused casebook: New directions in treating couples (pp. 3–29). Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203818046
• Glenn, N. D. (1990). Quantitative research on marital quality in the 1980s: A critical review. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 818-831. https://doi.org/10.2307/353304
• Hahlweg, K. (1996). Fragebogen zur Partnerschaftsdiagnostik [Assessment of marital distress]. Hogrefe.
• Hammond, J. R., & Fletcher, G. J. (1991). Attachment styles and relationship satisfaction in the development of close relationships. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 20(2), 56–62.
• Harrison, M.D. (2003). Partners' level of differentiation of self and perceived relationship quality in gay and lesbian couples. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Fielding Graduate Institute.
• Herman, J. L. (1992). Complex PTSD: A syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 5(3), 377-391. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.2490050305
• Hollander, S. (2007). Differentiation of self and emerging adulthood. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Florida International University. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/dissertations/AAI3279227
• Johnson, S. M. (1996). The practice of emotionally focused marital therapy: creating connection. Brunner/Mazel.
• Johnson, S. M. (2004). The practice of emotionally focused therapy: Creating connection.Brunner – Routledge.
• Johnson, S. M. (2015). Emotion-focused couple therapy practices: Creating togetherness (F. Bolat, Trans.). Ck Publishing.
• Johnson, S. M., & Lee, A. (2000). Emotionally focused family therapy: Restructuring attachment. In C. E. Bailey (Ed.), Children in therapy: Using the family as a resource. Guilford Press.
• Johnson, S. M. & Whiffen, V. E. (1999). Made to measure: adapting emotionally focused couple therapy to partners’ attachment styles. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 6(4), 366-381. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.6.4.366
• Johnson, S. M., Makinen, J. A. & Millikin, J. W. (2001). Attachment injuries in couple relationships: A new perspective an impasses in couples therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 27(2), 145-155. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2001.tb01152.x
• Johnson, S. M., Bradley, B., Furrow, J., Lee, A., Palmer, G., Tilley, D., ve Woolley, S. (2005). Becoming an emotionally focused couple therapist: The workbook. Brunner-Routledge.
• Kachadourian, L. K., Fincham, F., & Davila, J. (2004). The tendency to forgive in dating and married couples: The role of attachment and relationship satisfaction. Personal Relationships, 11(3), 373-393. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2004.00088.x
• Kalkan, E. & Aydoğan, D. (2019). Evlilik ilişki kalitesini benlik acısından değerlendirme: Benliğin farklılaşması ve ilişkisel özgünlük. Ondokuz Mayıs University Journal of Education Faculty, 38(1), 174-189.
• Kapucu, O. (2014). Evli çiftlerin evlilik kalitesi ve bağlanma stillerinin demografik özellikler açısından incelenmesi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Üsküdar Üniversitesi.
• Karasar, N. (2003). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri: Kavramlar, ilkeler ve teknikler. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım. Kerr, M. E. (1988). Chronic anxiety and defining a self. The Atlantic Monthly. www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/nursing/m4050/baker/85715u03/Kerr.pdf
• Kharpuri F.L. & Priya M. (2019). Role of gender and length of marriage in marital satisfaction and psychology. Oxidation Communications 42(3), 415–432.
• Knauth, D. A., & Skowron, E. A. (2004). Psychometric evaluation of the Differentiation of Self Inventory for adolescents. Nursing Research, 53(3), 163–171. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006199-200405000-00003
• Kourt, R. (2011). Investigation of the relationship between childhood traumas and dissociative experiences and feelings of guilt-shame in 18-24-year-old university students [Unpublished Master’s Thesis]. Maltepe University.
• Kowal, J., Johnson, S. M. & Lee, A. (2003). Chronic illness in couples: A case for emotionally focused therapy. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 29, 299–310. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2003.tb01208.x
• Kurdek, L. A. (2005). Gender and marital satisfaction early in marriage: A growth curve approach. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67, 68–74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-2445.2005.00006.x
• Kurt, İ. E. (2018). Adaptation of the Quality of Marriage Scale into Turkish. Çukurova University Journal of Institute of Social Sciences, 27(2), 84-96.
• Lampis, J. (2016). Does partners’ differentiation of self predict dyadic adjustment? Journal of Family Therapy, 54, 303–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.12073
• Lampis, J., Cataudella, S., Busonera, A., & Skowron, E. A. (2017). The role of differentiation of self and dyadic adjustment in predicting codependency. Contemporary Family Therapy, 39(1), 62–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10591-017-9403-4
• Lussier, Y., Sabourin, S., & Turgeon, C. (1997). Coping strategies as moderators of the relationship between attachment and marital adjustment. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 14(6), 777-791. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407597146004
• Mattson, R. E., Rogge, R. D., Johnson, M. D., Davidson, E. K., & Fincham, F. D. (2013). The positive and negative semantic dimensions of relationship satisfaction. Personal Relationships, 20(2), ss.328-355. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2012.01412.x
• Meyers, S. A., & Landsberger, S. A. (2002). Direct and indirect pathways between adult attachment style and marital satisfaction. Personal Relationships, 9(2), 159-172. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6811.00010
• Makinen, J. A. (2004). Resolving attachment injuries in couples: Relating process to outcome. [Doctoral Dissertation]. University of Ottawa.
• Millikin, J. W. (2000). Resolving attachment injuries in couples using emotionally focused therapy: a process study. [Doctoral Dissertation]. https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/27740
• Mosmann, C., Wagner, A., & Feres-Carneiro, T. (2006). Qualidade conjugal: Mapeando conceitos [Marital quality: Mapping out concepts]. Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto), 16(35), 315-325. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-863X2006000300003
• Olson, D. H. (2000). Circumplex model of marital and family systems. Journal of Family Therapy, 22, 144-167. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.00144
• Özgüven, İ. E. (2009). Evlilik ve aile terapisi (2. Baskı). PDR Yayınları.
• Özmen, O., & Atik, G. (2010). Attachment styles and marital adjustment of Turkish married individuals. Procedia-social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 367-371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.106
• Proulx, C. M., Helms, H. M., & Buehler, C. (2007). Marital quality and personal well‐being: A meta‐analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(3), 576-593. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00393.x
• Ross, C. E., Mirowsky, J., & Goldsteen, K. (1990). The impact of the family on health: The decade in review. Journal of Marriage and Family, 52(4), 1059-1078. https://doi.org/10.2307/353319
• Rennebohm, S. B., Seebeck, J., & Thoburn, J. W. (2017). Attachment, dyadic adjustment, and social interest: An indirect effects model. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 73(3), 208-224. https://doi.org/10.1353/jip.2017.0017
• Rodrıguez-Gonzalez, M., Skowron, E. A., Cagigal de Gregorio, V., & Munoz San Roque, I. (2016). Differentiation of self, mate selection, and marital adjustment: Validity of postulates of Bowen theory in a Spanish sample. American Journal of Family Therapy, 44(1), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2015.1099415
• Skowron, E. A., & Friedlander, M. L. (1998). The differentiation of self-inventory: Development and initial validation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 45(3), 235-246. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.45.3.235
• Skowron, E. A., & Schmitt, T. A. (2003). Assessing interpersonal fusion: Reliability and validity of a new DSI fusion with others subscale. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy 29(2), 209-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0606.2003.tb01201.x
• Sousa-Gomes, V., Lemos, L., Moreira, D. et al. (2023). Predictive effect of romantic attachment and difficulties in emotional regulation on the dyadic adjustment. Sex Res Soc Policy, 20, 676–691. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-022-00708-9
• Spanier, G. B. (1976). Measuring dyadic adjustment: New scales for assessing the quality of marriage and similar dyads. Journal of Marriage and Family, 38(1), 15-28. https://doi.org/10.2307/350547
• Spanier, G. B., & Lewis, R. A. (1980). Marital quality: A review of the 1970s. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 42, 825–39. https://doi.org/10.2307/351827
• Stackert, R. A., & Bursik, K. (2003). Why am I unsatisfied? Adult attachment style, gendered irrational relationship beliefs, and young adult romantic relationship satisfaction. Personality and Individual Differences, 34(8), 1419–1429. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00124-1
• Stone, E., & Shackelford, T. (2007). Marital satisfaction. In R. F. Baumeister & K. D. Vohs (Eds.). Encyclopedia of social psychology (pp. 541- 544). Sage.
• Uğur, Z. (2022). Evli çiftlerin evlilik doyumlarının, eşe kendini açma ve bağlanma yaralanmaları açısından incelenmesi [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Dokuz Eylül Universitesi.
• Şendil, G. & Korkut, Y. (2008). Investigation of couple adjustment and marital conflict in married couples in terms of demographic characteristics. Psychology Studies, 28, 15-34.
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2015). The use of multivariate statistics (6th edition). (M. Baloglu, Trans. Ed.). Nobel Akademi Yayınları.
• Terzi İlhan, S. (2020). Özel gereksinimli çocuğu olan evli bireylerin kişilik özellikleri ile çift uyumları arasındaki ilişkide bağlanma yaralanmalarının aracı rolü. [Doktora Tezi]. Gazi Üniversitesi.
• Terzi İlhan, S. & Işık, Ş. (2021). A validity and reliability study on the development of Marital Attachment Injuries Scale. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 11(63), 543-566. https://doi.org/10.17066/tpdrd.1051411
• Wickrama, K. A. S., Lorenz, F. O., Conger, R. D., & Elder, G. H. (1997). Marital quality and physical illness: A latent growth curve analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 59(1), 143-155. https://doi.org/10.2307/353668
• Williams, K. (2003). Has the future of marriage arrived? A contemporary examination of gender, marriage, and psychological well-being. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 44(4), 470-487. https://doi.org/10.2307/1519794
• Yavuzer, H. (2015). Evlilik okulu (3. Baskı). Remzi Kitabevi.