TEMİZ ÜRETİM UYGULAMALARININ PERFORMANSA ETKİSİ
Year 2025,
Issue: 50, 619 - 646, 31.08.2025
İlkay Çelik
,
Mehmet Aytekin
Abstract
Son yıllarda, çevresel sürdürülebilirlik konusunda artan farkındalık, işletmeleri daha temiz ve daha yeşil üretim yöntemlerini benimsemeye sevk etmiştir. Temiz üretim uygulamaları, kaynak verimliliğini artırırken çevresel etkileri en aza indirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Atıkların azaltılmasını, kaynakların verimli kullanılmasını ve kirliliğin en aza indirilmesini içeren temiz üretim uygulamaları, sürdürülebilirlik hedeflerine ulaşmanın ayrılmaz bir parçasıdır. Bu çalışmada genel olarak temiz üretim uygulamalarının işletme performansına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bu kapsamda çalışma; Türkiye’deki plastik sektöründe anket tekniği kullanılarak elde edilen 316 veri, yapısal eşitlik modeli kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bu araştırma sonuçlarına göre; süreç tasarımı, ürün tasarımı ve lojistik faaliyetlerin çevresel performansa pozitif etkisinin olduğu fakat süreç tasarımının ise operasyonel performansa bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Ethical Statement
Araştırma için Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi Etik Kurulundan 08.04.2022 tarihli ve 2022-007 karar numarası ile Etik kurul izni alınmıştır.
Supporting Institution
Bu makalenin araştırılması, yazarlığı ve yayınlanması için herhangi bir finansal destek alınmamıştır.
References
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Aschauer, G., Gronalt, M. ve Mandl, C. (2015). Modelling interrelationships between logistics and transportation operations–a system dynamics approach. Management Research Review.
Azeez, A. A. (2015). Corporate governance and firm performance: evidence from Sri Lanka. Journal of Finance, 3(1), 180-189.
-
Baah, C., Opoku-Agyeman, D., Acquah, I. S. K., Agyabeng-Mensah, Y., Afum, E., Faibil, D. ve Abdoulaye, F. A. M. (2021). Examining the correlations between stakeholder pressures, green production practices, firm reputation, environmental and financial performance: evidence from manufacturing SMEs. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 100-114.
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Bagchi, P.K., Ha, B., Skjott-Larsen, T. and Lars, B.S. (2005), “Supply chain integration: a European survey”, International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 16 No. 2, pp. 275-294.
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Barbiroli, G., & Raggi, A. (2003). A method for evaluating the overall technical and economic performance of environmental innovations in production cycles. Journal of Cleaner Production, 11(4), 365-374.
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Bowen, F. E. (2002). Does size matter? Organizational slack and visibility as alternative explanations for environmental responsiveness. Business ve Society, 41(1), 118-124.
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Burritt, R. L., Herzig, C., Schaltegger, S., & Viere, T. (2019). Diffusion of environmental management accounting for cleaner production: Evidence from some case studies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 224, 479-491.
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Centobelli, P., Cerchione, R. ve Esposito, E. (2017). Environmental sustainability in the service industry of transportation and logistics service providers: Systematic literature review and research directions. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 53, 454-470.
-
Chang, Z., Wu, H., Pan, K., Zhu, H., & Chen, J. (2017). Clean production pathways for regional power-generation system under emission constraints: A case study of Shanghai, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 989-1000.
-
Da Silva, P. C., De Oliveira Neto, G. C., Correia, J. M. F. ve Tucci, H. N. P. (2021). Evaluation of economic, environmental and operational performance of the adoption of cleaner production: Survey in large textile industries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123855.
-
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-
De Oliveira, J. A., Silva, D. A. L., Ganga, G. M. D., Godinho Filho, M., Ferreira, A. A., Esposto, K. F., & Ometto, A. R. (2019). Cleaner Production practices, motivators and performance in the Brazilian industrial companies. Journal of cleaner production, 231, 359-369.
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-
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Fang, C., & Zhang, J. (2018). Performance of green supply chain management: A systematic review and meta analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 183, 1064-1081.
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Feng, M., Yu, W., Wang, X., Wong, C. Y., Xu, M.ve Xiao, Z. (2018). Green supply chain management and financial performance: The mediating roles of operational and environmental performance. Business strategy and the Environment, 27(7), 811-824.
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Giannetti, B. F., Agostinho, F., Eras, J. C., Yang, Z., & Almeida, C. M. V. B. (2020). Cleaner production for achieving the sustainable development goals. Journal of Cleaner Production, 271, 122127.
-
Gong, B., Guo, D., Zhang, X., & Cheng, J. (2017). An approach for evaluating cleaner production performance in iron and steel enterprises involving competitive relationships. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 739-748.
-
Govindan, K., Shaw, M. ve Majumdar, A. (2021). Social sustainability tensions in multi-tier supply chain: A systematic literature review towards conceptual framework development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, 123075.
-
Green Jr., K. W., P. J. Zelbst, J. Meacham ve V. Bhadauria. (2012). Green Supply Chain Management Practices: Impact on Performance. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 17 (3): 290–305.10.1108/13598541211227126
-
Hart, S. L. ve Dowell, G. (2011). Invited editorial: A natural-resource-based view of the firm: Fifteen years after. Journal of management, 37(5), 1464-1479.
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Hofacker, I. ve Vetschera, R. (2001). Algorithmical approaches to business process design. Computers ve Operations Research, 28(13), 1253-1275.
-
Jabbour, C. J. C., De Sousa Jabbour, A. B. L., Govindan, K., De Freitas, T. P., Soubihia, D. F., Kannan, D. ve Latan, H. (2016). Barriers to the adoption of green operational practices at Brazilian companies: effects on green and operational performance. International journal of production research, 54(10), 3042-3058.
-
Jiang, R. J. ve Bansal, P. (2003). Seeing the need for ISO 14001. Journal of Management Studies, 40(4), 1047-1067.
-
Jones, N. ve Klassen, R. D. (2001). ‘Management of pollution prevention: integrating environmental technologies in manufacturing’. In J. Sarkis (Ed.), Greener Manufacturing and Operations: From Design to Delivery to Takeback. Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing Limited, 56– 68.
-
Khanna, M., & Brouhle, K. (2009). The effectiveness of voluntary environmental initiatives. Governance for the environment: New perspectives, 144-182.
-
King, A. A. ve Lenox, M. J. (2001). Lean and green? An empirical examination of the relationship between lean production and environmental performance. Production and operations management, 10(3), 244-256.
-
Kjaerheim, G. (2005). Cleaner production and sustainability. Journal of cleaner production, 13(4), 329-339.
-
Laari, S., Töyli, J., ve Ojala, L. (2018). The effect of a competitive strategy and green supply chain management on the financial and environmental performance of logistics service providers. Business Strategy and the Environment, 27(7), 872-883.
-
Lieb, R. C. ve Randall, H. L. (1996). A comparison of the use of third-party logistics services by large American manufacturers, 1991, 1994, and 1995. Journal of business logistics, 17(1), 305.
-
Lo, Chris K.Y., Yeung, Andy C.L. ve Cheng, T.C.E. (2012). The Impact of environmental Management Systems on Financial Performance in Fashion and Textiles Industries, Int. J. Production Economics, S.135, s. 561–567.
-
Maas, S., Schuster, T. ve Hartmann, E. (2014). Pollution prevention and service stewardship strategies in the third‐party logistics industry: Effects on firm differentiation and the moderating role of environmental communication. Business Strategy and the Environment, 23(1), 38-55.
-
Macharis, C., & Kin, B. (2017). The 4 A's of sustainable city distribution: Innovative solutions and challenges ahead. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 11(2), 59-71
.
Mashayekhi, B., ve Bazaz, M. S. (2008). Corporate governance and firm performance in Iran. Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, 4(2), 156-172.
-
Mendoza, J. M. F., Capitano, C., Peri, G., Josa, A., Rieradevall, J., & Gabarrell, X. (2014). Environmental management of granite slab production from an industrial ecology standpoint. Journal of cleaner production, 84, 619-628.
-
Neto, G. C. O., Leite, R. R., Shibao, F. Y., & Lucato, W. C. (2017). Framework to overcome barriers in the implementation of cleaner production in small and medium-sized enterprises: Multiple case studies in Brazil. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 50-62.
-
Olokoyo, F. O. (2013). Capital structure and corporate performance of Nigerian quoted firms: A panel data approach. African Development Review, 25(3), 358-369.
-
Pagell, M., & Gobeli, D. (2009). How plant managers' experiences and attitudes toward sustainability relate to operational performance. Production and Operations Management, 18(3), 278-299.
-
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-
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-
Roberts, L. (1996). Improving the environmental performance of firms: the experience of two metal working companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 4(3-4), 175-187.
-
Sandin, G. ve Peters, G. M. (2018). Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling–A review. Journal of cleaner production, 184, 353-365.
-
Sarkis, J. ve Liles, D. H. (1995). Using IDEF and QFD to develop an organizational decision support methodology for the strategic justification of computer-integrated technologies. International Journal of Project Management, 13(3), 177-185.
-
Severo, E. A., De Guimarães, J. C. F., Dorion, E. C. H. ve Nodari, C. H. (2015). Cleaner production, environmental sustainability and organizational performance: an empirical study in the Brazilian Metal-Mechanic industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 96, 118-125.
-
Shrivastava, P. (1995). Industrial/environmental crises and corporate social responsibility. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 24(1), 211-227.
-
Stock, G. N., Greis, N. P. ve Fischer, W. A. (2002). Firm size and dynamic technological innovation. Technovation, 22, 537– 50.
-
Strazza, C., Del Borghi, A., Gallo, M. ve Del Borghi, M. (2011). Resource productivity enhancement as means for promoting cleaner production: analysis of co-incineration in cement plants through a life cycle approach. Journal of cleaner production, 19(14), 1615-1621.
-
Suarez-Perales, I., Garces-Ayerbe, C., Rivera-Torres, P., & Suarez-Galvez, C. (2017). Is strategic proactivity a driver of an environmental strategy? Effects of innovation and internationalization leadership. Sustainability, 9(10), 1870.
-
Teixeira, C. R. B., Assumpção, A. L., Correa, A. L., Savi, A. F., ve Prates, G. A. (2018). The contribution of green logistics and sustainable purchasing for green supply chain management. Independent Journal of Management & Production, 9(3), 1002-1026.
-
Toker, K. ve Görener, A. (2013). Lojistik Yönetimi Kapsamında Ulaştırma Modunun Seçimi: Tekstil Sektöründe Bir Uygulama. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi İşletme İktisadı Enstitüsü Yönetim Dergisi, 24(74).
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Tseng, S. C. ve Hung, S. W. (2013). A framework identifying the gaps between customers' expectations and their perceptions in green products. Journal of cleaner production, 59, 174-184.
-
Tylor, B. (2006). Encouraging industry to assess and implement cleaner production measures. Journal of cleaner production, 14(6-7), 601-609.
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Unep (1994b) Government strategies and policies for cleaner production. United Nations Environment Programme, Paris, France, 32 p.
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Van Hoof, B. ve Thiell, M. (2015). Anchor company contribution to cleaner production dissemination: experience from a Mexican sustainable supply programme. Journal of Cleaner Production, 86, 245-255.
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THE REGULATORY ROLE OF BUSINESS SIZE ON THE EFFECT OF CLEAN PRODUCTION PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE
Year 2025,
Issue: 50, 619 - 646, 31.08.2025
İlkay Çelik
,
Mehmet Aytekin
Abstract
In recent years, the increasing awareness of environmental sustainability has encouraged businesses to adopt cleaner and more eco-friendly production methods. Within this framework, cleaner production practices have emerged as a crucial tool for achieving sustainability goals by ensuring efficient resource utilization, reducing waste, and minimizing environmental impacts. This study aims to examine the effects of cleaner production practices on business performance in the Turkish plastics sector. A total of 316 data points collected through surveys were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that process design, product design, and logistics activities positively influence environmental performance. Furthermore, product design and logistics activities significantly enhance operational performance, whereas process design was found to have no statistically significant effect on operational performance. These findings suggest that cleaner production practices not only contribute to improving environmental performance but also, to a certain extent, enhance the operational efficiency of enterprises.
References
-
Aschauer, G., Gronalt, M. ve Mandl, C. (2015). Modelling interrelationships between logistics and transportation operations–a system dynamics approach. Management Research Review.
Azeez, A. A. (2015). Corporate governance and firm performance: evidence from Sri Lanka. Journal of Finance, 3(1), 180-189.
-
Baah, C., Opoku-Agyeman, D., Acquah, I. S. K., Agyabeng-Mensah, Y., Afum, E., Faibil, D. ve Abdoulaye, F. A. M. (2021). Examining the correlations between stakeholder pressures, green production practices, firm reputation, environmental and financial performance: evidence from manufacturing SMEs. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 27, 100-114.
-
Bagchi, P.K., Ha, B., Skjott-Larsen, T. and Lars, B.S. (2005), “Supply chain integration: a European survey”, International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 16 No. 2, pp. 275-294.
-
Barbiroli, G., & Raggi, A. (2003). A method for evaluating the overall technical and economic performance of environmental innovations in production cycles. Journal of Cleaner Production, 11(4), 365-374.
-
Bowen, F. E. (2002). Does size matter? Organizational slack and visibility as alternative explanations for environmental responsiveness. Business ve Society, 41(1), 118-124.
-
Burritt, R. L., Herzig, C., Schaltegger, S., & Viere, T. (2019). Diffusion of environmental management accounting for cleaner production: Evidence from some case studies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 224, 479-491.
-
Centobelli, P., Cerchione, R. ve Esposito, E. (2017). Environmental sustainability in the service industry of transportation and logistics service providers: Systematic literature review and research directions. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 53, 454-470.
-
Chang, Z., Wu, H., Pan, K., Zhu, H., & Chen, J. (2017). Clean production pathways for regional power-generation system under emission constraints: A case study of Shanghai, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 143, 989-1000.
-
Da Silva, P. C., De Oliveira Neto, G. C., Correia, J. M. F. ve Tucci, H. N. P. (2021). Evaluation of economic, environmental and operational performance of the adoption of cleaner production: Survey in large textile industries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 278, 123855.
-
Darnall, N., Henriques, I. ve Sadorsky, P. (2010). Adopting proactive environmental strategy: The influence of stakeholders and firm size. Journal of Management Studies, 47(6), 1072–1094. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00873.x
-
De Oliveira, J. A., Silva, D. A. L., Ganga, G. M. D., Godinho Filho, M., Ferreira, A. A., Esposto, K. F., & Ometto, A. R. (2019). Cleaner Production practices, motivators and performance in the Brazilian industrial companies. Journal of cleaner production, 231, 359-369.
-
Dieste, M., & Panizzolo, R. (2018). On the relationship between lean practices and environmental performance. In IOP conference series: earth and environmental science (Vol. 151, No. 1, p. 012034). IOP Publishing.
-
Dong, L., Shu, W., Li, X., & Zhang, J. (2018). Quantitative evaluation and case studies of cleaner mining with multiple indexes considering uncertainty factors for phosphorus mines. Journal of cleaner production, 183, 319-334.
-
Dyk, F.E. and Maspero, E. (2004), “An analysis of the South African fruit logistics infrastructure”, OriON, Vol. 20 No. 1, pp. 55-72.
-
Elkington, J. (1998). Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st Century Business. Capstone.
-
Eras, J. J. C., Gutiérrez, A. S., Capote, D. H., Hens, L. ve Vandecasteele, C. (2013). Improving the environmental performance of an earthwork project using cleaner production strategies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 47, 368-376.
-
Etzion, D. (2007). Research on organizations and the natural environment, 1992-present: A review. Journal of Management, 33(4), 637-664.
-
Evangelista, P. (2014). Environmental sustainability practices in the transport and logistics service industry: An exploratory case study investigation. Research in Transportation Business ve Management, 12, 63-72.
-
Fang, C., & Zhang, J. (2018). Performance of green supply chain management: A systematic review and meta analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 183, 1064-1081.
-
Feng, M., Yu, W., Wang, X., Wong, C. Y., Xu, M.ve Xiao, Z. (2018). Green supply chain management and financial performance: The mediating roles of operational and environmental performance. Business strategy and the Environment, 27(7), 811-824.
-
FitzRoy, F. R. (1993). ‘Small firms and entrepreneurship: an east-west perspective: a review article. Small Business Economics, 5, 239– 44.
-
Fresner, J. (1998). Cleaner production as a means for effective environmental management. Journal of cleaner production, 6(3-4), 171-179.
-
Giannetti, B. F., Agostinho, F., Eras, J. C., Yang, Z., & Almeida, C. M. V. B. (2020). Cleaner production for achieving the sustainable development goals. Journal of Cleaner Production, 271, 122127.
-
Gong, B., Guo, D., Zhang, X., & Cheng, J. (2017). An approach for evaluating cleaner production performance in iron and steel enterprises involving competitive relationships. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 739-748.
-
Govindan, K., Shaw, M. ve Majumdar, A. (2021). Social sustainability tensions in multi-tier supply chain: A systematic literature review towards conceptual framework development. Journal of Cleaner Production, 279, 123075.
-
Green Jr., K. W., P. J. Zelbst, J. Meacham ve V. Bhadauria. (2012). Green Supply Chain Management Practices: Impact on Performance. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal 17 (3): 290–305.10.1108/13598541211227126
-
Hart, S. L. ve Dowell, G. (2011). Invited editorial: A natural-resource-based view of the firm: Fifteen years after. Journal of management, 37(5), 1464-1479.
-
Hofacker, I. ve Vetschera, R. (2001). Algorithmical approaches to business process design. Computers ve Operations Research, 28(13), 1253-1275.
-
Jabbour, C. J. C., De Sousa Jabbour, A. B. L., Govindan, K., De Freitas, T. P., Soubihia, D. F., Kannan, D. ve Latan, H. (2016). Barriers to the adoption of green operational practices at Brazilian companies: effects on green and operational performance. International journal of production research, 54(10), 3042-3058.
-
Jiang, R. J. ve Bansal, P. (2003). Seeing the need for ISO 14001. Journal of Management Studies, 40(4), 1047-1067.
-
Jones, N. ve Klassen, R. D. (2001). ‘Management of pollution prevention: integrating environmental technologies in manufacturing’. In J. Sarkis (Ed.), Greener Manufacturing and Operations: From Design to Delivery to Takeback. Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing Limited, 56– 68.
-
Khanna, M., & Brouhle, K. (2009). The effectiveness of voluntary environmental initiatives. Governance for the environment: New perspectives, 144-182.
-
King, A. A. ve Lenox, M. J. (2001). Lean and green? An empirical examination of the relationship between lean production and environmental performance. Production and operations management, 10(3), 244-256.
-
Kjaerheim, G. (2005). Cleaner production and sustainability. Journal of cleaner production, 13(4), 329-339.
-
Laari, S., Töyli, J., ve Ojala, L. (2018). The effect of a competitive strategy and green supply chain management on the financial and environmental performance of logistics service providers. Business Strategy and the Environment, 27(7), 872-883.
-
Lieb, R. C. ve Randall, H. L. (1996). A comparison of the use of third-party logistics services by large American manufacturers, 1991, 1994, and 1995. Journal of business logistics, 17(1), 305.
-
Lo, Chris K.Y., Yeung, Andy C.L. ve Cheng, T.C.E. (2012). The Impact of environmental Management Systems on Financial Performance in Fashion and Textiles Industries, Int. J. Production Economics, S.135, s. 561–567.
-
Maas, S., Schuster, T. ve Hartmann, E. (2014). Pollution prevention and service stewardship strategies in the third‐party logistics industry: Effects on firm differentiation and the moderating role of environmental communication. Business Strategy and the Environment, 23(1), 38-55.
-
Macharis, C., & Kin, B. (2017). The 4 A's of sustainable city distribution: Innovative solutions and challenges ahead. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 11(2), 59-71
.
Mashayekhi, B., ve Bazaz, M. S. (2008). Corporate governance and firm performance in Iran. Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, 4(2), 156-172.
-
Mendoza, J. M. F., Capitano, C., Peri, G., Josa, A., Rieradevall, J., & Gabarrell, X. (2014). Environmental management of granite slab production from an industrial ecology standpoint. Journal of cleaner production, 84, 619-628.
-
Neto, G. C. O., Leite, R. R., Shibao, F. Y., & Lucato, W. C. (2017). Framework to overcome barriers in the implementation of cleaner production in small and medium-sized enterprises: Multiple case studies in Brazil. Journal of Cleaner Production, 142, 50-62.
-
Olokoyo, F. O. (2013). Capital structure and corporate performance of Nigerian quoted firms: A panel data approach. African Development Review, 25(3), 358-369.
-
Pagell, M., & Gobeli, D. (2009). How plant managers' experiences and attitudes toward sustainability relate to operational performance. Production and Operations Management, 18(3), 278-299.
-
Porter M. ve Van Der Linde C. (1996) Green and competitive: ending the stalemate, in: R.J. Welford and R. Starkey (eds), The Earthscan Reader in Business and Environment, Earthscan, London.
-
Post, J. E. (1991). Managing as if the earth mattered. Business Horizons, 34(4), 32-39.
-
Roberts, L. (1996). Improving the environmental performance of firms: the experience of two metal working companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 4(3-4), 175-187.
-
Sandin, G. ve Peters, G. M. (2018). Environmental impact of textile reuse and recycling–A review. Journal of cleaner production, 184, 353-365.
-
Sarkis, J. ve Liles, D. H. (1995). Using IDEF and QFD to develop an organizational decision support methodology for the strategic justification of computer-integrated technologies. International Journal of Project Management, 13(3), 177-185.
-
Severo, E. A., De Guimarães, J. C. F., Dorion, E. C. H. ve Nodari, C. H. (2015). Cleaner production, environmental sustainability and organizational performance: an empirical study in the Brazilian Metal-Mechanic industry. Journal of Cleaner Production, 96, 118-125.
-
Shrivastava, P. (1995). Industrial/environmental crises and corporate social responsibility. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 24(1), 211-227.
-
Stock, G. N., Greis, N. P. ve Fischer, W. A. (2002). Firm size and dynamic technological innovation. Technovation, 22, 537– 50.
-
Strazza, C., Del Borghi, A., Gallo, M. ve Del Borghi, M. (2011). Resource productivity enhancement as means for promoting cleaner production: analysis of co-incineration in cement plants through a life cycle approach. Journal of cleaner production, 19(14), 1615-1621.
-
Suarez-Perales, I., Garces-Ayerbe, C., Rivera-Torres, P., & Suarez-Galvez, C. (2017). Is strategic proactivity a driver of an environmental strategy? Effects of innovation and internationalization leadership. Sustainability, 9(10), 1870.
-
Teixeira, C. R. B., Assumpção, A. L., Correa, A. L., Savi, A. F., ve Prates, G. A. (2018). The contribution of green logistics and sustainable purchasing for green supply chain management. Independent Journal of Management & Production, 9(3), 1002-1026.
-
Toker, K. ve Görener, A. (2013). Lojistik Yönetimi Kapsamında Ulaştırma Modunun Seçimi: Tekstil Sektöründe Bir Uygulama. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi İşletme İktisadı Enstitüsü Yönetim Dergisi, 24(74).
-
Tseng, S. C. ve Hung, S. W. (2013). A framework identifying the gaps between customers' expectations and their perceptions in green products. Journal of cleaner production, 59, 174-184.
-
Tylor, B. (2006). Encouraging industry to assess and implement cleaner production measures. Journal of cleaner production, 14(6-7), 601-609.
-
Unep (1994b) Government strategies and policies for cleaner production. United Nations Environment Programme, Paris, France, 32 p.
-
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