KIRGIZİSTAN’DA DEMOKRASİ NEDEN KÖKLEŞEMİYOR? UKRAYNA VE GÜRCİSTAN İLE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ

Year 2025, Issue: 50, 413 - 447, 31.08.2025

Burulkan Pala

https://doi.org/10.14520/adyusbd.1688957

Abstract

Bu makale, Kırgızistan’da demokrasinin yerleşmesini engelleyen faktörleri sosyal ve kültürel perspektiften ele almakta ve bu süreci Ukrayna ile Gürcistan’daki demokratikleşme süreçleriyle karşılaştırmaktadır. Ukrayna ve Gürcistan, “renkli devrimler” sonrası farklı derecelerde demokratikleşme başarıları elde ederken, Kırgızistan kronik bir siyasi istikrarsızlık içinde kalmıştır. Temel araştırma sorusu şudur: Kırgızistan’da demokrasinin sürekli istikrarsızlığını hangi sosyal, kültürel ve kurumsal faktörler açıklayabilir ve bu, Ukrayna ve Gürcistan’daki demokratik kurumların kısmen sağlamlaşmasıyla nasıl karşılaştırılabilir? Çalışmada özellikle klandan gelen sosyal bağların etkisi, sivil toplumun rolü, ulusal kimlik ve dış jeopolitik faktörler incelenmektedir. Bulgular, Kırgızistan’daki geleneksel toplumsal yapıların ve zayıf devlet kurumlarının demokrasinin gelişimine özgün engeller oluşturduğunu; buna karşın Ukrayna ve Gürcistan’ın tarihsel ve kültürel dinamiklerinin daha elverişli koşullar sunduğunu göstermektedir. Bu makale, Sovyet sonrası ülkelerde demokratik dönüşüm süreçlerinin nasıl yerel bağlamlar tarafından şekillendiğine dair yeni bir bakış açısı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Kırgızistan , Ukrayna , Gürcistan , Demokratikleşme , Karşılaştırmalı Analiz

WHY DEMOCRACY FAILS TO TAKE ROOT IN KYRGYZSTAN? A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH UKRAINE AND GEORGIA

Abstract

This article examines the factors hindering the establishment of democracy in Kyrgyzstan from a social and cultural perspective and compares this process with the democratization processes in Ukraine and Georgia. While Ukraine and Georgia achieved different degrees of democratization successes after the “color revolutions”, Kyrgyzstan remained in a state of chronic political instability. The main research question is: What social, cultural and institutional factors can explain the persistent instability of democracy in Kyrgyzstan and how does this compare with the partial consolidation of democratic institutions in Ukraine and Georgia? In particular, the study examines the influence of clan social ties, the role of civil society, national identity and external geopolitical factors. The findings suggest that traditional social structures and weak state institutions in Kyrgyzstan pose specific obstacles to the development of democracy, whereas the historical and cultural dynamics of Ukraine and Georgia offer more favorable conditions. This article aims to offer a new perspective on how processes of democratic transformation in post-Soviet countries are shaped by local contexts.

Keywords

Kyrgyzstan , Ukraine , Georgia , Democratization , Comparative Analysis

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