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Bazı Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkilerin Kanatlılarda Yaygın Görülen Patojen Bakteriler Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2018, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 19 - 28, 01.06.2018

Abstract

Dünya nüfusunun protein gereksinimi büyük ölçüde kanatlı ürünlerinden sağlanmaktadır. Yetiştirme, çevre koşulları ve fizyolojik yapıları nedeniyle hastalıklara yakalanma riskleri oldukça yüksek olan kanatlı hayvanlar, özel bakım ve beslemeye ihtiyaç duyarlar. Yetiştiriciler yem katkı maddesi olarak antibiyotiklerin kullanımının yasaklanmasına kadar, kısa zamanda fazla ürün almak ve ekonomik kayıpları azaltmak için antibiyotikleri kullanmışlardır. Ancak, antibiyotiklerin uzun süreli kullanımında, dokularda kalıntı oluşması ve bakterilerin direnç kazanması gibi ciddi olumsuzluklara yol açması, benzer etkiye sahip doğal yem katkı maddelerinin arayış sürecini başlatmıştır. Bu derlemede, tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler ile yapılan araştırmalar incelenerek, bunların antimikrobiyal etkileri ve antibiyotiklerin yerine kullanılabilme olanakları tartışılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, bazı tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerden elde edilen uçucu yağ ve ekstraktlarının kümes hayvanları için tehlike içeren patojen bakteriler üzerine antimikrobiyal etki gösterdikleri ve bu patojenlere karşı koruyucu olarak kullanılabileceği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır

References

  • Aarestrup, F. M., Kruse, H., Tast, E., Hammerum, A. M., Jensen, L. B., 2000, Associations between the use of antimicrobial agents for growht promotion and the occurrence of resistance among Enterococcus faecium from broilers and pigs in Denmark, Finland, and Norway. Microbial Drug Resis., 6 (1): 63-70.
  • Ahmad, A., Abid, H., Waheed, S., Tarar, O. M., Zahra,Y., Tehmina, S., Ali, T.M., 2016, Effects of replacing antibiotic growth promoters (agps) with botanical extracts and oils in feed of laying hens on production, performance and some microbial counts in feces, The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 26(4): 2016, Page: 893-900. ISSN: 1018- 7081.
  • Al-Kassie, G. A. M., Mohammed, M. F., Hamood, M. F., Jameel, Y. J., 2008, The effect of anise and rosemary on the microbial balance in gastro ıntestinal tract for broiler chicks, International Journal of Poultry Science, 7 (6): 610-612.
  • Akbarian, A., Golian, A., Kermanshahi, H., Farhoosh, R., Raji, A. R., De Smet, S., Michiels, J., 2013, Growth performance and gut health parameters of finishing broilers supplemented with plant extracts and exposed to daily increased temperature, Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 11(1):109-119.
  • Berber, İ., Avşar, C., Çine, N., Bozkurt, N., Elmas, E., 2013, Sinop’da yetişen bazı bitkilerin metanolik ekstraktlarının antibakteriyal ve antifungal aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi, Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 3 (1): 10-16.
  • Boukhatem, M. N, Kameli, A, Saidi, F., 2013, Essential oil of algerian rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveoles) chemical composition and antimicrobial activity against food spoilage and pathogens, Food Control, 34: 208-213.
  • Bölükbaşı, S. C., Erhan, M. K., Kaynar, Ö., 2008, The effect of feeding thyme, sage, and rosemary oil on laying hen performance, cholesterol and some protein ratio of egg yolk and Eschrichia Coli count in feces, Arciv. Für geflugelkunde, 72:231-237.
  • Burt, S., 2004, Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods-a review, Int. J. Food Microb., 94: 223- 253.
  • Cervantes, H., 2006, Banning antibiotic growth promoters: Learning from the European experience, Poult. Int., 45:14–15.
  • Ceylan, A., 1997, Tıbbi Bitkiler-II, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayını, No:481, ISBN:975-483-362-1, Bornova-İzmir.
  • Çimrin, T., Demirel, M., 2016, Yumurtacı tavuklarda biberiye (rosmarinus officinalis l.) uçucu yağının bazı kan parametreleri ve ince bağırsak mikroflorası üzerine etkileri, Türk Tarım – Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 4(9): 769-775.
  • Çiftçi, T., 2008, Kurutun kalite özellikleri üzerine bazı bitkisel kaynaklı uçucu yağların etkilerinin belirlenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi, basılmamış). EÜ, Fen Bilimleri Enst., İzmir.
  • Diao, W.R., Hu, Q. P., Zhang, H, Xu, J.G., 2014, Chemical composition, antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of essential oil from seeds of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), Food Control 35: 109-116.
  • Didry, N., Dubreuıl, L., Pinkas, M., 1994, Activity of thymol, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on oral bacteria, Pharm. Acta Helv., 69, 25-28.
  • Duman, M., Özlem Emir Çoban, Ö., Emine Özpolat, E., 2012, Biberiye ve kekik esansiyel yağları katkısının marine edilmiş kerevitlerin (astacus leptodactylus esch., 1823) raf ömrüne etkisinin belirlenmesi, Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 18 (5): 745-751.
  • Ebrahimi, A., Qotbi, A. A. A., Pourhossein, Z., 2013, The effect of different levels of savory (Satrejahortensis L.) on blood parameters and gastrointestinal microbial population of broiler chikens, Ann Biol Res. 4(6):332–336.
  • Evren, M., Tekgüler, B., 2011, Uçucu yağların antimikrobiyel özellikleri, Elektronik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi TR, (Eski adı: OrLab On-Line Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi), Cilt: 09:3, 28-40. www.mikrobiyoloji.org/pdf/702110304.pdf.
  • Farag, R. S., Daw, Z. Y., Hewedi, F. M., El-Baroty, G. S. A., 1989, Antimicrobial activity of some egyptian spice essential oils, J. Food Protect., 52 (9): 665-667.
  • Fu, Y., Zu, Y., Chen, L., Shi, X., Wang, Z., Sun, S., Efferth, T., 2007, Antimicrobial activity of clove and rosemary essential oils alone and in combination. Phytotherapy Research, 21: 989-994.
  • Govaris, A., Florou-Paneri, P., Botsoglou, E., Giannenas, I., Amvrosiadis, I., Botsoglou, N., 2007, The inhibitory potential of feed supplementation with rosemary and/or α- tocopheryl acetate on microbial growth and lipid oxidation of turkey breast during refrigerated storage, Iwt-food science and technology, Phytochemistry, 68 (6): 840-852.
  • Guo, FC., Kwakkel, R. P., Williams, B., Li, W. K., Li, H. S., Luo, J. Y., Li, X. P., Wei, Y. X., Yan, Z. T., Verstegen, M. W .A., 2004a, Effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharides, as alternatives for an antibiotic, on growht performance of broilers, Bri. Poultry Science, 45: 684-694.
  • Guo, F. C., Williams, B. A., Kwakkel, R. P., Li, H. S., Li, X. P., Luo, J. Y., Li, W. K., Verstegen, M. W. A., 2004b, Effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharides, as alternatives for an antibiotic, on the cecal microbial ecosystem in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 83: 175-182.
  • Günal, M., Yaylı, G., Kaya, N., Karahan, N., Sulak, O., 2006, The effects of antibiotic growth promoter, probiotic or organic acid supplementation on performance, ıntestinal microflora and tissue of broylers. International journal of Poultry Science, 5 (2): 149- 155.
  • Hinton, M. H., 1988, Antibiotics, poultry production and public healt. World’s Poultry Sci. 44: 67-69.
  • Holley, R. A., Patel, D., 2005, Improvement in shelf-life and safety of perishable foods by plant essential oils and smoke antimicrobials. Food Microbiology. 22: 273- 292.
  • Karsha, P. V., Lakshmi, O. B., 2010, Antibacterial activity of black pepper (Piper nigrum Linn.) with special reference to its mode of action on bacteria, Indian Journal of Natural Products http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/9828. Resources IJNPR Vol.1(2): 213-215.
  • Lavinia, S., Gabi, D., Drinceanu, D., Stef, D., Daniela, M., Julean, C., Ramona, T and Corcionivoschi, N., (2009), The effect of medicinal plants and plant extracted oils on broiler duodenum morphology and immunological profile, Rom. Biotech. Lett. 14(4): 4606–4614.
  • Mangena, T., Muyima, N. Y. O., 1999, Comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of essential oils of Artemisia afra, Pteronia incana and Rosmarinus officinalis on selected bacteria and yeast strains, Letters in Applied Microbiology, 28, 291-296.
  • Mathlouthi, N., Bouzaienne, T., Oueslati, I., Recoquillay, F., Hamdi, M., Urdaci, M., Bergaoui, R., 2012, Use of rosemary, oregano, and a commercial blend of essential oils in broiler chickens: In vitro antimicrobial activities and effects on growth performance, Journal Animal. Science, 90, 813–823.
  • Merdol, T. K., Başoğlu, S., Örer, N., 1999, Beslenme ve Diyetik. Açıklamalı Sözlük 2. Baskı. Hatipoğlu Yayınları, 95. Ankara, ISBN 975-7527- 75-0, 43-44s.
  • Moleyar, V., Narasimham, P., 1992, Antibacterial activity of essential oil components. Int. J. Food Microbio, 16, 337-342.
  • Montes-Belmont, R., Carvajal, M., 1998, Control of Aspergillus flavus in maize with plant essential oils and their components. J. Food Protect., 61, 616-619.
  • Mozafari, S., Seidavi, A., Gharahveysi, S., Kadim, I., 2018, Savory (Satureja hortensis L.) powder and extract effects on broiler chicken ileal Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus bacteria, Journal of Applied Animal Research, 46:1, 639-642. ISSN: 0971-2119 (Print) 0974-1844 (Online) Journal homepage :http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/taar20. DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1377079.
  • Mukhtar, S., Ghori, I., 2012, Antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of garlic, cinnamon and turmeric against escherichıa coli atcc 25922 and bacillus subtilis dsm 3256, International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology, 3:2, 131-136, www.ijabpt.com.
  • Narayanankutty, K., Ramakrishnan, A., Viswannath, A., 1992, Efficacy of virginiamycin as growht promoter in commercial broiler chicks, Journal of Vet. And Anim. Sci. 23 (1): 96-97.
  • Newman, K. E., 2002, Antibiotic resistance is a reality novel tecniques for overcoming antibiotic resistance when using new growht promoters. nutritional biotechnology in the feed and food industries. Proceedings of Alltech’s 18 th Annual Symposium. pg. 98- 106. Nottingham, Nottingham University Pres.
  • Nir, I., Şenköylü, N., 2000, Kanatlılar için sindirimi destekleyen yem katkı maddeleri, Roche ISBN 975-93691-0-9 :77-120s.
  • Ouattara, B., Simard, R. E., Holley, R. A., Piette, G., Begin, A., 1997, Antibacterial activity of selected fatty acids and essential oils against six meat spoilage organisms. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 37, 155-162.
  • Paster, N., Menasherov, M., Ravıd, U., Juven, B., 1995, Antifungal activity of oregano and thyme essential oils applied as fumigants against attackingstored grain, J. of Protection, 58: (19), 81-85.
  • Santonyo, S., Cavero, S., Janıme, L., Ibenaz, E., Senorans, F. J., Reglero, G., 2005, Activity of Rosmerinus officinalis L. esaaential oil obtained via supercritical fluid extraction, J. Food Protect, 68 (4): 790-795.
  • Shanthi, Sree, K. S., Yasodamma, N., Paramageetham, C. H., 2010, Phytochemical screening and ın vitro antibacterial activity of the methanolic leaf extract, Sebastiania chamaelea Müell. Arg. The Bioscan, 5, 173-175.
  • Sinmez, Ç. Ç., Yaşar, A., 2017, Organik hayvansal üretimde bitkisel drogların kullanılması: orta anadolu bölgesi halk veteriner hekimliği örneği, Türk Tarım – Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 5(13): 1690-1695.
  • Singh, J., 2015, Herbal feed additives as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers, department of animal nutrition college of veterinary science guru angad dev veterinary and animal sciences university, Ludhiana-141004, 2015.
  • Tucker, L.A., 2002, Botanical broilers: Plant extracts to maintain poultry performance. Feed Int., 23 (9): 26-29.
  • Van-Vuuren S. F, Suliman S, Viljoen A. M., 2009, The antimicrobial activity of four commercial essential oils in combination with conventional antimicrobials, Lett Appl Microbiol, 48, 440–446.
  • Wenk, C., 2000, Why All the discussion about herbs? biotechnolgy in the feed industry. Proc. of Alltech’s 16 Th Annu. Symp, Alltech Technical Puplications, Nottingham Universty Press, Nicholasville, KY. 79-96.

Effects of Some Medical and Aromatic Plants on Common Pathogenic Bacteria in Poultry

Year 2018, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 19 - 28, 01.06.2018

Abstract

Protein needs of the world's population are largely provided from the poultry products. Because of showing high risks of infectious diseases sourced from growth conditions, environmental conditions, and physiological structures, these animals need special care and feeding. Until the use of antibiotics as a feed additive is prohibited, growers have resently received support from antibiotics to get as many products as possible and to reduce economic losses. However, in the long-term use of antibiotics, the formation of residues in tissues and the development of resistance by bacteria, has started the search process of natural feed additives having the same effects. This review examines the previous research studies on the medical and aromatic plants to evaluate their antimicrobial effects and the possibilities of replacement of these plants with antibiotics. The result of the studyt, it has been concluded that essential oils and extracts obtained from some medical and aromatic plants have antimicrobial action on pathogen bacterias which are dangerous to poultry and can be used as a protector against these pathogens.

References

  • Aarestrup, F. M., Kruse, H., Tast, E., Hammerum, A. M., Jensen, L. B., 2000, Associations between the use of antimicrobial agents for growht promotion and the occurrence of resistance among Enterococcus faecium from broilers and pigs in Denmark, Finland, and Norway. Microbial Drug Resis., 6 (1): 63-70.
  • Ahmad, A., Abid, H., Waheed, S., Tarar, O. M., Zahra,Y., Tehmina, S., Ali, T.M., 2016, Effects of replacing antibiotic growth promoters (agps) with botanical extracts and oils in feed of laying hens on production, performance and some microbial counts in feces, The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 26(4): 2016, Page: 893-900. ISSN: 1018- 7081.
  • Al-Kassie, G. A. M., Mohammed, M. F., Hamood, M. F., Jameel, Y. J., 2008, The effect of anise and rosemary on the microbial balance in gastro ıntestinal tract for broiler chicks, International Journal of Poultry Science, 7 (6): 610-612.
  • Akbarian, A., Golian, A., Kermanshahi, H., Farhoosh, R., Raji, A. R., De Smet, S., Michiels, J., 2013, Growth performance and gut health parameters of finishing broilers supplemented with plant extracts and exposed to daily increased temperature, Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 11(1):109-119.
  • Berber, İ., Avşar, C., Çine, N., Bozkurt, N., Elmas, E., 2013, Sinop’da yetişen bazı bitkilerin metanolik ekstraktlarının antibakteriyal ve antifungal aktivitelerinin belirlenmesi, Karaelmas Fen ve Mühendislik Dergisi 3 (1): 10-16.
  • Boukhatem, M. N, Kameli, A, Saidi, F., 2013, Essential oil of algerian rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveoles) chemical composition and antimicrobial activity against food spoilage and pathogens, Food Control, 34: 208-213.
  • Bölükbaşı, S. C., Erhan, M. K., Kaynar, Ö., 2008, The effect of feeding thyme, sage, and rosemary oil on laying hen performance, cholesterol and some protein ratio of egg yolk and Eschrichia Coli count in feces, Arciv. Für geflugelkunde, 72:231-237.
  • Burt, S., 2004, Essential oils: Their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods-a review, Int. J. Food Microb., 94: 223- 253.
  • Cervantes, H., 2006, Banning antibiotic growth promoters: Learning from the European experience, Poult. Int., 45:14–15.
  • Ceylan, A., 1997, Tıbbi Bitkiler-II, Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayını, No:481, ISBN:975-483-362-1, Bornova-İzmir.
  • Çimrin, T., Demirel, M., 2016, Yumurtacı tavuklarda biberiye (rosmarinus officinalis l.) uçucu yağının bazı kan parametreleri ve ince bağırsak mikroflorası üzerine etkileri, Türk Tarım – Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 4(9): 769-775.
  • Çiftçi, T., 2008, Kurutun kalite özellikleri üzerine bazı bitkisel kaynaklı uçucu yağların etkilerinin belirlenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi, basılmamış). EÜ, Fen Bilimleri Enst., İzmir.
  • Diao, W.R., Hu, Q. P., Zhang, H, Xu, J.G., 2014, Chemical composition, antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of essential oil from seeds of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), Food Control 35: 109-116.
  • Didry, N., Dubreuıl, L., Pinkas, M., 1994, Activity of thymol, carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on oral bacteria, Pharm. Acta Helv., 69, 25-28.
  • Duman, M., Özlem Emir Çoban, Ö., Emine Özpolat, E., 2012, Biberiye ve kekik esansiyel yağları katkısının marine edilmiş kerevitlerin (astacus leptodactylus esch., 1823) raf ömrüne etkisinin belirlenmesi, Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 18 (5): 745-751.
  • Ebrahimi, A., Qotbi, A. A. A., Pourhossein, Z., 2013, The effect of different levels of savory (Satrejahortensis L.) on blood parameters and gastrointestinal microbial population of broiler chikens, Ann Biol Res. 4(6):332–336.
  • Evren, M., Tekgüler, B., 2011, Uçucu yağların antimikrobiyel özellikleri, Elektronik Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi TR, (Eski adı: OrLab On-Line Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi), Cilt: 09:3, 28-40. www.mikrobiyoloji.org/pdf/702110304.pdf.
  • Farag, R. S., Daw, Z. Y., Hewedi, F. M., El-Baroty, G. S. A., 1989, Antimicrobial activity of some egyptian spice essential oils, J. Food Protect., 52 (9): 665-667.
  • Fu, Y., Zu, Y., Chen, L., Shi, X., Wang, Z., Sun, S., Efferth, T., 2007, Antimicrobial activity of clove and rosemary essential oils alone and in combination. Phytotherapy Research, 21: 989-994.
  • Govaris, A., Florou-Paneri, P., Botsoglou, E., Giannenas, I., Amvrosiadis, I., Botsoglou, N., 2007, The inhibitory potential of feed supplementation with rosemary and/or α- tocopheryl acetate on microbial growth and lipid oxidation of turkey breast during refrigerated storage, Iwt-food science and technology, Phytochemistry, 68 (6): 840-852.
  • Guo, FC., Kwakkel, R. P., Williams, B., Li, W. K., Li, H. S., Luo, J. Y., Li, X. P., Wei, Y. X., Yan, Z. T., Verstegen, M. W .A., 2004a, Effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharides, as alternatives for an antibiotic, on growht performance of broilers, Bri. Poultry Science, 45: 684-694.
  • Guo, F. C., Williams, B. A., Kwakkel, R. P., Li, H. S., Li, X. P., Luo, J. Y., Li, W. K., Verstegen, M. W. A., 2004b, Effects of mushroom and herb polysaccharides, as alternatives for an antibiotic, on the cecal microbial ecosystem in broiler chickens. Poultry Science, 83: 175-182.
  • Günal, M., Yaylı, G., Kaya, N., Karahan, N., Sulak, O., 2006, The effects of antibiotic growth promoter, probiotic or organic acid supplementation on performance, ıntestinal microflora and tissue of broylers. International journal of Poultry Science, 5 (2): 149- 155.
  • Hinton, M. H., 1988, Antibiotics, poultry production and public healt. World’s Poultry Sci. 44: 67-69.
  • Holley, R. A., Patel, D., 2005, Improvement in shelf-life and safety of perishable foods by plant essential oils and smoke antimicrobials. Food Microbiology. 22: 273- 292.
  • Karsha, P. V., Lakshmi, O. B., 2010, Antibacterial activity of black pepper (Piper nigrum Linn.) with special reference to its mode of action on bacteria, Indian Journal of Natural Products http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/9828. Resources IJNPR Vol.1(2): 213-215.
  • Lavinia, S., Gabi, D., Drinceanu, D., Stef, D., Daniela, M., Julean, C., Ramona, T and Corcionivoschi, N., (2009), The effect of medicinal plants and plant extracted oils on broiler duodenum morphology and immunological profile, Rom. Biotech. Lett. 14(4): 4606–4614.
  • Mangena, T., Muyima, N. Y. O., 1999, Comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of essential oils of Artemisia afra, Pteronia incana and Rosmarinus officinalis on selected bacteria and yeast strains, Letters in Applied Microbiology, 28, 291-296.
  • Mathlouthi, N., Bouzaienne, T., Oueslati, I., Recoquillay, F., Hamdi, M., Urdaci, M., Bergaoui, R., 2012, Use of rosemary, oregano, and a commercial blend of essential oils in broiler chickens: In vitro antimicrobial activities and effects on growth performance, Journal Animal. Science, 90, 813–823.
  • Merdol, T. K., Başoğlu, S., Örer, N., 1999, Beslenme ve Diyetik. Açıklamalı Sözlük 2. Baskı. Hatipoğlu Yayınları, 95. Ankara, ISBN 975-7527- 75-0, 43-44s.
  • Moleyar, V., Narasimham, P., 1992, Antibacterial activity of essential oil components. Int. J. Food Microbio, 16, 337-342.
  • Montes-Belmont, R., Carvajal, M., 1998, Control of Aspergillus flavus in maize with plant essential oils and their components. J. Food Protect., 61, 616-619.
  • Mozafari, S., Seidavi, A., Gharahveysi, S., Kadim, I., 2018, Savory (Satureja hortensis L.) powder and extract effects on broiler chicken ileal Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus bacteria, Journal of Applied Animal Research, 46:1, 639-642. ISSN: 0971-2119 (Print) 0974-1844 (Online) Journal homepage :http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/taar20. DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1377079.
  • Mukhtar, S., Ghori, I., 2012, Antibacterial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of garlic, cinnamon and turmeric against escherichıa coli atcc 25922 and bacillus subtilis dsm 3256, International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology, 3:2, 131-136, www.ijabpt.com.
  • Narayanankutty, K., Ramakrishnan, A., Viswannath, A., 1992, Efficacy of virginiamycin as growht promoter in commercial broiler chicks, Journal of Vet. And Anim. Sci. 23 (1): 96-97.
  • Newman, K. E., 2002, Antibiotic resistance is a reality novel tecniques for overcoming antibiotic resistance when using new growht promoters. nutritional biotechnology in the feed and food industries. Proceedings of Alltech’s 18 th Annual Symposium. pg. 98- 106. Nottingham, Nottingham University Pres.
  • Nir, I., Şenköylü, N., 2000, Kanatlılar için sindirimi destekleyen yem katkı maddeleri, Roche ISBN 975-93691-0-9 :77-120s.
  • Ouattara, B., Simard, R. E., Holley, R. A., Piette, G., Begin, A., 1997, Antibacterial activity of selected fatty acids and essential oils against six meat spoilage organisms. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 37, 155-162.
  • Paster, N., Menasherov, M., Ravıd, U., Juven, B., 1995, Antifungal activity of oregano and thyme essential oils applied as fumigants against attackingstored grain, J. of Protection, 58: (19), 81-85.
  • Santonyo, S., Cavero, S., Janıme, L., Ibenaz, E., Senorans, F. J., Reglero, G., 2005, Activity of Rosmerinus officinalis L. esaaential oil obtained via supercritical fluid extraction, J. Food Protect, 68 (4): 790-795.
  • Shanthi, Sree, K. S., Yasodamma, N., Paramageetham, C. H., 2010, Phytochemical screening and ın vitro antibacterial activity of the methanolic leaf extract, Sebastiania chamaelea Müell. Arg. The Bioscan, 5, 173-175.
  • Sinmez, Ç. Ç., Yaşar, A., 2017, Organik hayvansal üretimde bitkisel drogların kullanılması: orta anadolu bölgesi halk veteriner hekimliği örneği, Türk Tarım – Gıda Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 5(13): 1690-1695.
  • Singh, J., 2015, Herbal feed additives as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in broilers, department of animal nutrition college of veterinary science guru angad dev veterinary and animal sciences university, Ludhiana-141004, 2015.
  • Tucker, L.A., 2002, Botanical broilers: Plant extracts to maintain poultry performance. Feed Int., 23 (9): 26-29.
  • Van-Vuuren S. F, Suliman S, Viljoen A. M., 2009, The antimicrobial activity of four commercial essential oils in combination with conventional antimicrobials, Lett Appl Microbiol, 48, 440–446.
  • Wenk, C., 2000, Why All the discussion about herbs? biotechnolgy in the feed industry. Proc. of Alltech’s 16 Th Annu. Symp, Alltech Technical Puplications, Nottingham Universty Press, Nicholasville, KY. 79-96.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Tülay Çimrin This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çimrin, T. (2018). Bazı Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkilerin Kanatlılarda Yaygın Görülen Patojen Bakteriler Üzerine Etkileri. ADYUTAYAM Dergisi, 6(1), 19-28.