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KONTUR KARIK DERİNLİĞİNİN YÜZEY AKIŞ VE TOPRAK KAYBINA ETKİSİ

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 142 - 152, 31.12.2021

Abstract

Bu araştırmanın amacı, tarım topraklarında eğime dik yönde oluşturulan farklı derinliklerdeki kontur karıklarının yüzey akış (YA) ve toprak kaybına (TK) olan etkisini belirlemektir. Laboratuvar koşullarında yürütülen bu çalışmada Bursa ili ve civarındaki eğimli tarım topraklarından 3 farklı yerden 0-20 cm derinlikten alınan toprak örnekleri kullanılmıştır. 50x100x15 cm boyutlarındaki deneme parsellerine konulan toprak örnekleri daha sonra yağış simulatörü altındaki % 9 eğim verilen sehpa üzerine yerleştirilmiştir. Deneme parselleri içerisindeki toprak örneklerinde 0, 3, 6 ve 9 cm derinlikte olmak üzere 4 farklı kontur karığı oluşturulmuş ve topraklar üzerine yağış simulatörü yardımıyla ortalama 60-65 mm.h-1 şiddetinde bir saat süre ile yağış yağdırılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre farklı derinliklerdeki kontur karıklarının YA’ı ve TK üzerinde etkili olduğu, karık derinliğinin artışıyla orantılı olarak meydana gelen YA’ının ve TK’nın azaldığı belirlenmiştir. 9 cm kontur karık derinliğinin YA’ı ve TK’nı azaltmada en etkili uygulama olduğu ve bu uygulamanın YA’ını % 98.8, ise % 95.6 oranında azalttığı bulunmuştur. Ayrıca, toprak özellikleri ile YA ve TK arasındaki ilişkilerde en etkili toprak özelliklerinin agregat stabilitesi (AS) ve organik madde (OM) olduğu belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Aina, P.O., Lal, R. and Roose, E.J. 1991. Tillage methods and soil and water conservation in West Africa. Soil and Tillage Research, 20(2-4):165-186.
  • Akalan, İ. 1967. Toprak fiziksel özellikleri ve erozyon. Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yıllığı, (3-4): 490-503.
  • Ananda, J. and Herath, G. 2003. Soil erosion in developing countries: a socio-economic appraisal. Journal of Environmental Management, 68(4): 343-353.
  • Ben Hur, M. and Keren, R. 1997. Polymer effects on water infiltration and soil aggregation. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 61(2): 565-570.
  • Ben-Hur, M. 2006.Using synthetic polymers as soil conditioners to control runoff and soil loss in arid and semi-arid regions-a review. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 44(3):191-204.
  • Beskow, S., Mello, C.R., Norton, L.D., Curi, N., Viola, M.R. and Avanzi, J.C. 2009. Soil erosion prediction in the Grande River Basin, Brazil using distributed modeling. Catena, 79: 49–59.
  • Bryan, R.B. 1969. The Relative Erodibility of Soils Developed in The Peak District of Derbyshire. Geografiska Annaler: Series A Physical Geography, 51(3) : 145-159.
  • Bryan, R.B., 1968. The development, use and efficiency of indices of soij erodibility. Geoderma, 2: 2-25.
  • Bubenzer, G.D. and Meyer, L.D. 1965. Simulation of rainfall and soils for laboratory research. Transaction of American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 8: 73-75.
  • Gee, G.W. and Bauder, J.W. 1986. Particle size analysis. Methods of Soil Analysis. A. Klute, (Eds.). Part 1. 2nd edn. Argon. Monogr. 9. ASA, Madison, WI, pp. 383-411.
  • Graber, E.R., Fine, P. and Levy, G.J. 2006. Soil stabilization in semiarid and arid land agriculture. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 18(2): 190-205.
  • Green, V.S. and Stott, D.E. 2001. Polyacrylamide: A review of the use, effectiveness, and cost of a soil erosion control amendment. Sustaining The Global Farm. D.E. Stott, R.H. Mohtar, and G.C. Steinhardt (Eds.), Selected papers from the 10th International Soil Conservation Organization Meeting held May 24-29, 1999, pp. 387-392.
  • Grewelling, T. and Peech, M. 1960. Chemical soil test. Cornell Üniversity, Agriculture Experiment Station Bulletin p. 960.
  • Jackson, M.L. 1958. Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Wood Cliffs, New Jersey. p. 498.
  • Klute, A. 1990. Water retention: Laboratory methods. Methods of Soil Analysis. A Klute, (Eds.), Part 1. 2nd edn. Argon. Monogr. 9. ASA, Madison, WI, pp. 635-660.
  • Lal, R. 1988. Soil erosion research methods. Soil and Water Conservation Society, 141-148.
  • Liu, Q.J., Zhang,, H.Y., An, J. and Wu, Y.Z. 2014. Soil erosion processes on row sideslopes within contour ridging systems. Catena, 115: 11-18.
  • McLean, E.O. 1982. Soil pH and lime requirement. Methods of Soil Analysis. A. L. Page, (Eds.). Part 2. 2nd edn. Argon. Monogr. 9. ASA, Madison, WI, pp. 199-224.
  • Mohamoud, Y.M. 2012. Effect of contour ridging on runoff and soil loss. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(46):6115-6124.
  • Moldenhauer, W.C. and Long, D.C. 1964. Influence of Rainfall Energy on Soils Loss and Infiltration Rates. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 28 (6): 813-817.
  • Nelson, D.W. and Sommers, L.E. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Methods of Soil Analysis. A.L. Page, (Eds.). Part 2. 2nd edn. Argon. Monogr. 9. ASA. Madison, WI, pp. 539-579.
  • Ngatunga, E.N., Lal, R. and Singer, M.J., 1984. Effect of surface management on runoff and soil erosion from some plot Milangano, Tanzania Geoderma, 33(1):1-12.
  • Pimentel, D. and Kounang, N. 1998. Ecology of soil erosion in ecosystems. Ecosystems, 1(5): 416-426.
  • Richard, L.A. 1954. Diagnosis and Iiprovement of saline and alkali soils. Government Print. Office, Washington.
  • Saka, A.R., Green, R.I. and Ng’ong’ola, D.H. 1995. Soil management in Subsaharan Africa. Proposed soil management action plan in Malawi. Report to the World Bank. Lilongwe, Malawi, pp. 111.
  • Soil Survey Staff, 1951. Soil Survey Manual. U.S. Department Agriculture Handbook., No: 18. U.S. Government Print. Office, Washington.
  • Taysun, A. 1989. Toprak ve su korunumu. Ege Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Teksir No: 92-III. s.188.
  • Traore, K.B., Gigou,S., Coulibaly, H. and Doumbia, M.D. 2004. Contoured ridge-tillage increases cereal yields and carbon sequestration. “In 13 th International Soil Conservation Organisation Conference:“Conserving Soil and Water for Society: Sharing Solutions, July 2004, paper no. 126, p.1-6
  • Tümsavaş, Z. ve Kara, A. 2011. The effect of polyacrylamide (PAM) applications on infiltration, runoff and soil losses under simulated rainfall conditions. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(15):2894-2903.
  • U.S. Salinity Lab.Staff, 1954. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. Government Print. Office, Washington.
  • Uysal, H., Taysun, A. ve Köse, C. 1995. Kümeleşmeyi sağlayan bazı polimerlerin toprak özellikleri ile birlikte laboratuvar şartlarında erozyona etkileri, İlhan Akalan Toprak ve Çevre Sempozyumu, 7 (II):101-111, Ankara.
  • Valentin, C., Poesenm J. and Li, Y. 2005. Gully erosion: Impacts, factors and control. Catena, 63: 132–153.
  • Yılmaz, G. ve Uysal, H. 2010. Pva ve Pam uygulamalarının yüzey akış ve toprak kaybı üzerine etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 47 (2): 191-199.
  • Yoder, R.E. 1936. A direct method of aggregate analysis of soils and study of the physical nature of erosion losses. Journal of the American Society of Agronomy, 28(5): 337-351.
  • Zuazo, V.H.D. and Pleguezuelo, C.R.R. 2008. Soil-erosion and runoff prevention by plant covers, a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 28(1): 65–86.
Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 142 - 152, 31.12.2021

Abstract

References

  • Aina, P.O., Lal, R. and Roose, E.J. 1991. Tillage methods and soil and water conservation in West Africa. Soil and Tillage Research, 20(2-4):165-186.
  • Akalan, İ. 1967. Toprak fiziksel özellikleri ve erozyon. Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yıllığı, (3-4): 490-503.
  • Ananda, J. and Herath, G. 2003. Soil erosion in developing countries: a socio-economic appraisal. Journal of Environmental Management, 68(4): 343-353.
  • Ben Hur, M. and Keren, R. 1997. Polymer effects on water infiltration and soil aggregation. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 61(2): 565-570.
  • Ben-Hur, M. 2006.Using synthetic polymers as soil conditioners to control runoff and soil loss in arid and semi-arid regions-a review. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 44(3):191-204.
  • Beskow, S., Mello, C.R., Norton, L.D., Curi, N., Viola, M.R. and Avanzi, J.C. 2009. Soil erosion prediction in the Grande River Basin, Brazil using distributed modeling. Catena, 79: 49–59.
  • Bryan, R.B. 1969. The Relative Erodibility of Soils Developed in The Peak District of Derbyshire. Geografiska Annaler: Series A Physical Geography, 51(3) : 145-159.
  • Bryan, R.B., 1968. The development, use and efficiency of indices of soij erodibility. Geoderma, 2: 2-25.
  • Bubenzer, G.D. and Meyer, L.D. 1965. Simulation of rainfall and soils for laboratory research. Transaction of American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 8: 73-75.
  • Gee, G.W. and Bauder, J.W. 1986. Particle size analysis. Methods of Soil Analysis. A. Klute, (Eds.). Part 1. 2nd edn. Argon. Monogr. 9. ASA, Madison, WI, pp. 383-411.
  • Graber, E.R., Fine, P. and Levy, G.J. 2006. Soil stabilization in semiarid and arid land agriculture. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 18(2): 190-205.
  • Green, V.S. and Stott, D.E. 2001. Polyacrylamide: A review of the use, effectiveness, and cost of a soil erosion control amendment. Sustaining The Global Farm. D.E. Stott, R.H. Mohtar, and G.C. Steinhardt (Eds.), Selected papers from the 10th International Soil Conservation Organization Meeting held May 24-29, 1999, pp. 387-392.
  • Grewelling, T. and Peech, M. 1960. Chemical soil test. Cornell Üniversity, Agriculture Experiment Station Bulletin p. 960.
  • Jackson, M.L. 1958. Soil chemical analysis. Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Wood Cliffs, New Jersey. p. 498.
  • Klute, A. 1990. Water retention: Laboratory methods. Methods of Soil Analysis. A Klute, (Eds.), Part 1. 2nd edn. Argon. Monogr. 9. ASA, Madison, WI, pp. 635-660.
  • Lal, R. 1988. Soil erosion research methods. Soil and Water Conservation Society, 141-148.
  • Liu, Q.J., Zhang,, H.Y., An, J. and Wu, Y.Z. 2014. Soil erosion processes on row sideslopes within contour ridging systems. Catena, 115: 11-18.
  • McLean, E.O. 1982. Soil pH and lime requirement. Methods of Soil Analysis. A. L. Page, (Eds.). Part 2. 2nd edn. Argon. Monogr. 9. ASA, Madison, WI, pp. 199-224.
  • Mohamoud, Y.M. 2012. Effect of contour ridging on runoff and soil loss. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7(46):6115-6124.
  • Moldenhauer, W.C. and Long, D.C. 1964. Influence of Rainfall Energy on Soils Loss and Infiltration Rates. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 28 (6): 813-817.
  • Nelson, D.W. and Sommers, L.E. 1982. Total carbon, organic carbon, and organic matter. Methods of Soil Analysis. A.L. Page, (Eds.). Part 2. 2nd edn. Argon. Monogr. 9. ASA. Madison, WI, pp. 539-579.
  • Ngatunga, E.N., Lal, R. and Singer, M.J., 1984. Effect of surface management on runoff and soil erosion from some plot Milangano, Tanzania Geoderma, 33(1):1-12.
  • Pimentel, D. and Kounang, N. 1998. Ecology of soil erosion in ecosystems. Ecosystems, 1(5): 416-426.
  • Richard, L.A. 1954. Diagnosis and Iiprovement of saline and alkali soils. Government Print. Office, Washington.
  • Saka, A.R., Green, R.I. and Ng’ong’ola, D.H. 1995. Soil management in Subsaharan Africa. Proposed soil management action plan in Malawi. Report to the World Bank. Lilongwe, Malawi, pp. 111.
  • Soil Survey Staff, 1951. Soil Survey Manual. U.S. Department Agriculture Handbook., No: 18. U.S. Government Print. Office, Washington.
  • Taysun, A. 1989. Toprak ve su korunumu. Ege Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Teksir No: 92-III. s.188.
  • Traore, K.B., Gigou,S., Coulibaly, H. and Doumbia, M.D. 2004. Contoured ridge-tillage increases cereal yields and carbon sequestration. “In 13 th International Soil Conservation Organisation Conference:“Conserving Soil and Water for Society: Sharing Solutions, July 2004, paper no. 126, p.1-6
  • Tümsavaş, Z. ve Kara, A. 2011. The effect of polyacrylamide (PAM) applications on infiltration, runoff and soil losses under simulated rainfall conditions. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(15):2894-2903.
  • U.S. Salinity Lab.Staff, 1954. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils. Government Print. Office, Washington.
  • Uysal, H., Taysun, A. ve Köse, C. 1995. Kümeleşmeyi sağlayan bazı polimerlerin toprak özellikleri ile birlikte laboratuvar şartlarında erozyona etkileri, İlhan Akalan Toprak ve Çevre Sempozyumu, 7 (II):101-111, Ankara.
  • Valentin, C., Poesenm J. and Li, Y. 2005. Gully erosion: Impacts, factors and control. Catena, 63: 132–153.
  • Yılmaz, G. ve Uysal, H. 2010. Pva ve Pam uygulamalarının yüzey akış ve toprak kaybı üzerine etkileri. Ege Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 47 (2): 191-199.
  • Yoder, R.E. 1936. A direct method of aggregate analysis of soils and study of the physical nature of erosion losses. Journal of the American Society of Agronomy, 28(5): 337-351.
  • Zuazo, V.H.D. and Pleguezuelo, C.R.R. 2008. Soil-erosion and runoff prevention by plant covers, a review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 28(1): 65–86.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Zeynal Tümsavaş 0000-0003-0902-5522

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Submission Date November 28, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tümsavaş, Z. (2021). KONTUR KARIK DERİNLİĞİNİN YÜZEY AKIŞ VE TOPRAK KAYBINA ETKİSİ. ADYUTAYAM Dergisi, 9(2), 142-152.