ADIYAMAN İLİNDE YETİŞTİRİLEN NOHUTLARDA HASAT SONRASI GÖRÜLEN FUNGAL FLORANIN BELİRLENMESİ

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 128 - 134, 30.12.2022

Meltem Avan

Öz

Adıyaman iline ait Merkez, Kâhta ve Besni ilçelerine ait açık yığın şeklinde depolanan nohutlardan alınan 2021 yılına ait sekiz, 2022 yılı ürünlerinden yirmi altı adet olmak üzere alınan otuz dört farklı nohut tohum örnekleri toplanmıştır. Bu tohumlardan Blotter ve PDA yöntemi kullanılarak fungal izolasyonlarla birlikte morfolojik ve mikroskobik tekniklerle tanılamalar yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda depo nohutlarında Blotter yöntemi ile fungal flora içeriği bakımından Aspergillus spp. (%42), Rhizopus stolonifer (%29), Penicillium sp. (%13), Alternaria spp. (%7), Curvularia spp. (%5) ve Trichoderma spp. (%4) tespit edilirken, PDA yöntemiyle yapılan izolasyonlarda da Aspergillus spp. (%39), Rhizopus stolonifer (%35), Penicillium sp. (%12), Trichoderma spp. (%9), Alternaria spp. (%3), Curvularia spp. (%2) tespit edilmiştir. İlimizden elde edilen bu sonuçlar sayesinde nohut mikroflorasının mücadelesi için gerekli olan sonraki çalışmalar için ışık tutacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adıyaman, Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.), Fungal flora, Depo funguslar

DETERMINATION OF FUNGAL FLORA AFTER HARVEST IN CHICKPEAS GROWN IN ADIYAMAN PROVINCE

Öz

Thirty-four different chickpea seed samples, eight from 2021 and twenty-six from 2022, were collected from chickpeas stored as open heaps in Merkez, Kâhta and Besni districts of Adıyaman province. Identifications were made with morphological and microscopic techniques together with fungal isolations using Blotter and PDA method from these seeds. At the end of the study, the fungal flora content of Aspergillus spp. (42%), Rhizopus stolonifer (29%), Penicillium sp. (13%), Alternaria spp. (7%), Curvularia spp. (5%) and Trichoderma spp. (4%) was detected. In isolations made by PDA method, Aspergillus spp. (39%), Rhizopus stolonifer (35%), Penicillium sp. (12%), Trichoderma spp. (9%), Alternaria spp. (3%), Curvularia spp. (2%) was detected. Thanks to these results obtained from our province, they will shed light on the next studies necessary for the struggle of chickpea microflora.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Adıyaman, Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), Fungal flora, Storage fungi

Kaynakça

• Akem, C., 1999. Ascochyta blight of chickpea: present status and future priorities. Int J Pest Man 45: 131–137.
• Anonymous, 1986. Annual report (1985-86). Plant Pathology Division, BARI, Joydebpur, Gazipur. pp. 119.
• Atik, O., Baum, M., El-Ahmed, A., Ahmed, S., Abang, M. M., Yabrak, M. M., Murad, S., Kabbabeh, S., Hamwieh, A. (2011). Chickpea Ascochyta blight: disease status and pathogen mating type distribution in Syria. J Phytopathol 159:443–449.
• Booth, C., 1971). The genus Fusarium. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Kew, Surrey, England, 237.
• Bora, T., Karaca, İ., 1970. Kültür Bitkilerinde Hastalığın ve Zararın Ölçülmesi. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yardımcı Ders Kitabı. Bornova/İzmir Yayın no: 167. 43s.
• Crous, P. W., Lienbenberg, M. M., Braun, U., Groenewald, J. Z., 2006. Re-evaluating the taxonomic status of Phaeoisariopsis griseola, the causal agent of angular leaf spot of bean. Studies in Mycology, 55(1), 163-173.
• Dwivedi, S. N., 1989. Effect of fungal invasion on sugars of gram (Cicer arietinum L.). Seed during storage. Indian J. Mycol. and Plant Path. 19(1): 10-13.
• Güneş, A., İnal, A., Adak, M. S., Bağcı, E. G., Çiçek, N., Eraslan, F., 2008. Effect of drought stress ımplemented at pre- or post-anthesis stage on some physiological parameters as screening criteria in Chickpea cultivars. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology, 55: 59-67.
• ISTA (International Seed Testing Association), 1996. International Rules for Seed Testing. Seed Science and Technology, 21 (Supplement): 1–288 p.
• Lal, M. L., Singh D.B., 1997. Seed mycoflora of green gram. Madras Agril. J. 84: 11-12.
• Navas-Cortes, J. A., Perez-Artes, E., Jimenez-Diaz, R. M., Llobell, A., Brainbridge, B. W., Heale, J. B., 1998. Mating type, pathotype, and RAPDs analysis in Didymella rabiei, the agent of Ascochyta blight of chickpea. Phytoparasitica 26: 199–212.
• Nelson P. E., Toussoun T. A., Marasas W. F. O., 1983: Fusarium Species: An illustrated manual for identification. The Pennsylvania State University Press, University Park, 193.
• Pande, S., Siddique, K. H. M., Kishore, G. K., Baya, B., Gaur, P. M., Gowda, C. L. L., Bretag, T., Crouch, J. H., 2005. Ascochyta blight of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): A review of biology, pathogenicity, and disease management. Aust J Agric Res 56: 317–332.
• Rehman, A. U., Malhotra, R. S., Bett, K., Tar'An, B., Bueckert, R., Warkentin, T. D., 2011. Mapping QTL associated with traits affecting grain yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) under terminal drought stress. Crop Science, 51(2): 450-463.
• Salam, M. A., 2004. Mycoflora of stored chickpea seeds and their control (Doctoral dissertation, MS Thesis, Dept. of Plant Pathology, BAU, Mymensingh).
• Sharma, M., Mangala, U. N., Krishnamurthy, M., Vadez, V., Pande, S., 2010. Drought and dry root of chickpea (Abstract). 5th International Food Legumes Research Conference (IFLRC V) & 7th European Conference on Grain Legumes (AEP VII) April 26–30, Akdeniz University & Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs under Auspices of International Steering Committee of IFLRC & The European Association for Grain Legume Research, Antalya.
• Sengooba, T. N., Mukiibi, J., 1986. Studies on inoculum sources of angular leaf spot of beans caused by Phaeoisariopsis griseola in Uganda. Tropical Pest Management, 32(4): 286- 291.
• Shamsi, S., Khatun, A., 2016. Prevalence of fungi in different varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds in storage. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, 40(1): 37-44.
• Simmons, E. G., 1969. Perfect states of Stemphylium. Mycologia, 61, Vol: I: 1-26 p.
• Simmons, E. G., 1985. Perfect states of Stemphylium II. Sydowia, Vol: 38: 284-293 p
• Summerbell, R. C., Gueidan, C., Schroers, H. J., De Hoog, G. S., Starink, M., Arocha Rosete, Y., Guarro, J., Scott, J. A., 2011. Acremonium phylogenetic overview and revision of 46 Gliomastix, Sarocladium, and Trichothecium. Studies in Mycology, 68: 139-162.
• Vail, S. S., Banniza, S., 2009. Molecular variability and mating-type of Ascochyta rabiei of chickpea from Saskatchewan, Canada. Australasian Plant Pathol 38: 392–398. Yadav, J., J. P. Verma, Tiwari K. N., 2011. Plant growth promoting activities of fungi and their effect on chickpea plant growth. Asia. J. Biol. Sci. 4(3): 291-299.