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The Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Organisational Cynicism and Organisational Loyalty

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 12 - 28

Öz

The fact that the effect of human resources on productivity, which is important with the competition process, has come to the fore has made the concept of leadership more important. For this reason, the labour factor, which is handled in many aspects in the field of management, has become a frequent subject in academic studies by being handled in terms of spiritual and moral values. However, in the leadership approaches applied until today, it is seen that the spiritual aspect of the employees is generally left incomplete.
Objective: The main purpose of this study, which is addressed in order to measure the reflection of this deficiency, is to reveal the effect of spiritual leadership on the level of loyalty and cynicism of the employee.
Method: The study was conducted by sampling 170 employees of private schools operating in Kars city centre. In the study where convenience sampling method was used, the data were obtained by using the questionnaire technique. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS statistical software, the hypotheses created to achieve the purpose were tested with correlation and structural equation modeling and the results were interpreted accordingly.
Findings: In the findings obtained as a result of the analyses, while there is a negative effect between spiritual leadership and organisational cynicism, there is a positive effect between spiritual leadership and organisational loyalty.

Kaynakça

  • References
  • Akbulut Ö, & Yıldız N. (1999). İstatistik analizlerde temel formüller ve tablolar. Aktif Yayınevi, Erzurum.
  • Allen, N. J. & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of a€ective, continuance andnormative commitment to the organization, Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1-18
  • Andersson, L. M. (1996). Employee cynicism: An examination using a contract violation framework. Human Relations, 49(11),
  • Anser, M.K., Shafique, S., Usman, M., Akhtar, N. & Ali, M. (2021), Spiritual leadership and organizational citizenship behavior for the environment: an intervening and interactional analysis, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Vol. 64 (8) 1496-1514, doi: 10.1080/09640568.2020.1832446.
  • Battal, F., & Ibrahim, A. (2023). How Cynicism Mediates Spiritual Leadership and Organizational Commitment? (The case of Turkish and Indonesian Universities). Ege Academic Review, 23(2), 315-330.
  • Bayighomog, S.W. & Arasli, H. (2022), Reviving employees’ essence of hospitality through spiritual wellbeing, spiritual leadership, and emotional intelligence, Tourism Management, Vol. 89, 104406, doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104406.
  • Boussalem, A. B. (2014). Impact Of Employees' Empowerment on Organizational Loyalty Case Study on Algerian Communications Company. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter., 2 (7).
  • Bozkuş, K., & Gündüz, Y. (2016). Ruhsal liderlik ile örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişkinin modellenmesi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 24(1), 405-420.
  • Cavanagh, G. F. (1999). Spirituality for managers: Context and critique. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(3), 186–199.
  • Chen, C. Y., & Yang, C. F. (2012). The impact of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: A multi-sample analysis. Journal of business ethics, 105, 107-114.
  • Cordes, C.L. & Dougherty, T.W. (1993), A review and an integration of research in job burnout, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 18, 621‐56.
  • Çayak, S. (2022). Öğretmenlerin yönetici ruhsal liderlik algıları ile örgütsel bağlılıkları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Eğitim Yönetimi ve Politikaları Dergisi, 3(2), 67-74.
  • Çetinkaya, Ö., & Korlu, R. K. (2012). Yerel Demokrasinin Sağlanmasında Katılımcılık Süreci ve Kent Konseylerinin Rolü’. Maliye Dergisi, 163(2): 95-117.
  • Dean J.W., Brandes, P., & Dharwakar R. (1998). Organizational Cynicism. The Academy of Management Review, 23(2): 341-352.
  • Duchon, D., & Plowman, D. A. (2005). Nurturing The Spirit at Work: İmpact on Work Unit Performans. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5): 807-833 Esmaeili, M. R., & Seidzadeh, H. (2017). The Survey of job satisfaction eeffect on performance with mediating role of organizational loyalty. Management Studies in Development and Evolution, 25(83), 51-68.
  • Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual Leadership and Army Transformation: Theory, Measurement, and Establishing a Baseline, The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5): 835-862.
  • Golparvar, M., & Nadi, M. A. (2011). Mediating role of organizational loyalty in relation between work ethic with deviant workplace behavior. Ethics in Science and Technology, 6 (1). 43-52
  • Göksal, N. (2020). İşletmelerde Sosyal Medya Kullanımının İşe Adanmışlık, Çalışan Sadakati ve Bireysel Performansa Etkisi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
  • Gulsan, N. (2019). Ruhsallık ve Din. Erişim Tarihi: 24.08.2022 https://Evrenselkural.Blogspot.Com/.
  • Gündüz, Ş. (2017). The relationship between spiritual leadership and organizational cynicism: The moderating effect of emotional intelligence. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 18(2), 117-132.
  • Hakan, K. O. (2009). Örgütsel Bağlılık ve Sadakat İlişkisi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(28): 200-211.
  • Hochwarter, W., James, M., Johnson, D. & Ferris, G. (2004), The interactive effects of politics perceptions and trait cynicism on work outcomes, Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, Vol. 10, 44‐58
  • Hoffmann, E. A. (2006). Exit and voice: Organizational loyalty and dispute resolution strategies. Social Forces, 84(4), 2313-2330.
  • Hunsaker, W.D. (2022). Spiritual leadership and employee innovation. Current Psychology, Vol. 41(8), 5048-5057, doi: 10.1007/s12144-020-01011-9.
  • Hur, W. M., IL Park, S., & Moon, T. W. (2014). The moderating roles of organizational justice on the relationship between emotional exhaustion and organizational loyalty in airline services. Journal of Services Marketing, 28(3), 195-206.
  • Inesona, E. B., Benke, E., & Laszlo, J. (2013). Employee Loyalty İn Hungarian Hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 32. 31-39.
  • Jain, P. (2023), Spiritual leadership and innovative work behavior: the mediated relationship of interpersonal trust and knowledge sharing in the hospitality sector of India”, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Vol. 44 (1), 1-17, doi: 10.1108/lodj-03-2022-0128.
  • James, M. S. (2005). Antecedents and Consequences of Cynicism İn Organizations: An Examination of The Potential Positive and Negative Effects İçinde School Systems. The Florida State University College of Business the Graduate School Electronic Theses. Florida
  • Jauhari, H., & Singh, S. (2013). Perceived diversity climate and employees’ organizational loyalty. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 32(3), 262-276.
  • Johnson, J. & O'Leary‐Kelly, A. (2003), The effects of psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: not all social exchange violations are created equal, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 24, 627‐47.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2010). Faktör analizi. SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri. (Ed: Ş. Kalaycı). Ankara: Asil Yayıncılık, ss.321-331. Khaddam, A. A., Alzghoul, A., Khawaldeh, K., & Alnajdawi, A. M. (2023). How spiritual leadership influences creative behaviors: The mediating role of workplace climate. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(2), 7.
  • Kurtar, Ş. (2009). Ruhsal Liderlik Ölçeği: Türkçe Dilsel Eşdeğerlik, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans, Yeditepe Üniversitesi
  • Lim, J. E. (2016). The moderating effects of organizational identity on the creating shared value of hotel and organizational loyalty. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 16(3), 630-637.
  • Malik, M., Islam, T., & Ashraf, Y. (2024). Take the bull by the horns! The role of spiritual leadership and dark triad toward workplace incivility. Industrial and Commercial Training, 56(2), 106-127.
  • Morgan, G, A., Nancy, L. L., Gene, W., G. & Karen C. B. (2004). SPSS for Introductory Statistics: Use and Interpretation. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publihers
  • Moxley, R. S. (2000). Leadership and spirit. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Büte, M. (2011). Algılanan Örgüt İkliminin Etik Olmayan Davranışlar Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 25(2): 103-122.
  • Naktiyok, S., & Zengin, Y. (2021). Spiritual leadership and quality of workplace relationships. Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty, 8(2), 720-748.
  • Organ, D.W., Podsakoff, P.M. & MacKenzie, S.B. (2006). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature, Antecedents, and Consequences, Sage, Beverly Hills, CA.
  • Ögel, S. (2021). Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Sessizlik ve Örgütsel Sinizm Düzeylerinin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışları Üzerindeki Etkisi: Şırnak İli Örneği, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi Şırnak Üniversitesi
  • Özdemir, H. (2013). Psikolojik Sözleşme İhlali ile Örgütsel Sinizm Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans, Tezi Gazi Üniversitesi
  • Palmer, P. J. (1994). Leading from within: Out of the shadow, into the light. In J. A. Conger (Ed.), Spirit at work (pp. 19–40). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Pandia, M. M., Jufrizen, J., Khair, H., & Tanjung, H. (2023). Organization citizenship behavior: the role of spiritual leadership, self-efficacy, locus of control and job satisfaction. Journal Organisasi Dan Manajemen, 19(1), 168-187.
  • Polat, S. (2011). The Level of Faculty Members' Spiritual Leadership (SL) Qualities Display According to Students in Faculty of Education. Procedia Social and Behavioral, (15): 2033-2041.
  • Polatcan, M., & Titrek, O. (2014). The relationship between leadership behaviors of school principals and their organizational cynicism attitudes. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 141, 1291-1303.
  • Pugh, S., Skarlicki, D. & Passell, B. (2003). After the fall: layoff victims' trust and cynicism in re‐employment, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 76, 201‐12
  • Ramlall, S. (2004). A review of employee motivation theories and their implications for employee retention within organizations, Journal of American Academy of Business, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp52-63.
  • Reave, L. (2005). Spiritual values and practices related to leadership effectiveness. The leadership quarterly, 16(5), 655-687.
  • Rust, R. T., Zahorik, A. J., & Keiningham, T. L. (1995). Return on quality (ROQ): Making service düalite financially accountable. Journal of marketing, 59(2), 58-70.
  • Sezgin, O., Tolay, E., & Sürgevil, O. (2016). Örgütsel Değişim Sinizmi: Çalışanların Değişime Karşı Tutumlarının İncelenmesine Yönelik Nitel Bir Araştırma. Öneri Dergisi, 12(45): 411-438.
  • Sincer, I., Volman, M., van der Veen, I., & Severiens, S. (2021). The relationship between ethnic school composition, school diversity climate and students’ competences in dealing with differences. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 47(9), 2039-2064.
  • Snell, S.A. & Dean, J.W. (1992). Integrated manufacturing and human resource management: a human capital perspective, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 35 (3), pp 467-504
  • Subhaktiyasa, P. G., Andriana, K. R. F., Sintari, S. N. N., Wati, W. S., Sumaryani, N. P., & Lede, Y. U. (2023). The effect of transformational leadership, servant leadership, and spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior. Jurnal Organisasi Dan Manajemen, 19(1), 224-238.
  • Sun, M., Alam, F., & Ma, C. (2023). How nurses’ person-organization fit influences organizational loyalty. Risk management and healthcare policy, 2019-2036.
  • Süle, G. G. (2019). Okul Yöneticilerinin Kişilik Özellikleri ile Ruhsal Liderlik Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi.
  • Torlak, Ö. (2000). Tüketim: Bireysel Eylemin Toplumsal Dönüşümü. İnkılap Basım Yayım.
  • Usmanova, K., Wang, D., Sumarliah, E., Khan, S.Z., Khan, S.U. and Younas, A. (2021), “Spiritual leadership as a pathway toward innovative work behavior via knowledge sharing self-efficacy: moderating role of innovation climate”, VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, Vol. 53 (6) pp. 1250-1270, doi: 10.1108/vjikms-04-2021-0054.
  • Whiting, S. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & Pierce, J. R. (2008). Effects of task performance, helping, voice, and organizational loyalty on performance appraisal ratings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 125.
  • Wu, C., Neubert, M. J., & Yi, X. (2007). Transformational Leadership, Cohesion Perceptions, and Employee Cynicism About Organizational Change: The Mediating Role of Justice Perceptions. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 43(3): 327-351.
  • Yamane, T. (1967). Elementary Sampling Theory. New York: Prentice-Hall.
  • Yang, J., Chang, M., Chen, Z., Zhou, L. & Zhang, J. (2021), The chain mediation effect of spiritual leadership on employees’ innovative behavior, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Vol. 42 (1), pp. 114-129, doi: 10.1108/lodj-10-2019-0442.
  • Yıldız, S. (2021). Okul Müdürlerinin Ruhsal Liderlikleri ile Okul İklimi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi.
  • Zhang, Y. & Yang, F. (2021), “How and when spiritual leadership enhances employee innovative behavior”, Personnel Review, Vol. 50 No. 2, pp. 596-609, doi: 10.1108/pr-07-2019-0346.

The Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Organizational Cynicism and Organizational Loyalty

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 12 - 28

Öz

The fact that the effect of human resources on productivity, which is important with the competition process, has come to the fore has made the concept of leadership more important. For this reason, the labour factor, which is handled in many aspects in the field of management, has become a frequent subject in academic studies by being handled in terms of spiritual and moral values. However, in the leadership approaches applied until today, it is seen that the spiritual aspect of the employees is generally left incomplete.
Objective: The main purpose of this study, which is addressed in order to measure the reflection of this deficiency, is to reveal the effect of spiritual leadership on the level of loyalty and cynicism of the employee.
Method: The study was conducted by sampling 170 employees of private schools operating in Kars city centre. In the study where convenience sampling method was used, the data were obtained by using the questionnaire technique. The data obtained were analysed using SPSS statistical software, the hypotheses created to achieve the purpose were tested with correlation and structural equation modeling and the results were interpreted accordingly.
Findings: In the findings obtained as a result of the analyses, while there is a negative effect between spiritual leadership and organisational cynicism, there is a positive effect between spiritual leadership and organisational

Etik Beyan

etik beyanı ile ilgili belge yüklenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • References
  • Akbulut Ö, & Yıldız N. (1999). İstatistik analizlerde temel formüller ve tablolar. Aktif Yayınevi, Erzurum.
  • Allen, N. J. & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of a€ective, continuance andnormative commitment to the organization, Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63, 1-18
  • Andersson, L. M. (1996). Employee cynicism: An examination using a contract violation framework. Human Relations, 49(11),
  • Anser, M.K., Shafique, S., Usman, M., Akhtar, N. & Ali, M. (2021), Spiritual leadership and organizational citizenship behavior for the environment: an intervening and interactional analysis, Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, Vol. 64 (8) 1496-1514, doi: 10.1080/09640568.2020.1832446.
  • Battal, F., & Ibrahim, A. (2023). How Cynicism Mediates Spiritual Leadership and Organizational Commitment? (The case of Turkish and Indonesian Universities). Ege Academic Review, 23(2), 315-330.
  • Bayighomog, S.W. & Arasli, H. (2022), Reviving employees’ essence of hospitality through spiritual wellbeing, spiritual leadership, and emotional intelligence, Tourism Management, Vol. 89, 104406, doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2021.104406.
  • Boussalem, A. B. (2014). Impact Of Employees' Empowerment on Organizational Loyalty Case Study on Algerian Communications Company. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter., 2 (7).
  • Bozkuş, K., & Gündüz, Y. (2016). Ruhsal liderlik ile örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişkinin modellenmesi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 24(1), 405-420.
  • Cavanagh, G. F. (1999). Spirituality for managers: Context and critique. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(3), 186–199.
  • Chen, C. Y., & Yang, C. F. (2012). The impact of spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior: A multi-sample analysis. Journal of business ethics, 105, 107-114.
  • Cordes, C.L. & Dougherty, T.W. (1993), A review and an integration of research in job burnout, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 18, 621‐56.
  • Çayak, S. (2022). Öğretmenlerin yönetici ruhsal liderlik algıları ile örgütsel bağlılıkları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Eğitim Yönetimi ve Politikaları Dergisi, 3(2), 67-74.
  • Çetinkaya, Ö., & Korlu, R. K. (2012). Yerel Demokrasinin Sağlanmasında Katılımcılık Süreci ve Kent Konseylerinin Rolü’. Maliye Dergisi, 163(2): 95-117.
  • Dean J.W., Brandes, P., & Dharwakar R. (1998). Organizational Cynicism. The Academy of Management Review, 23(2): 341-352.
  • Duchon, D., & Plowman, D. A. (2005). Nurturing The Spirit at Work: İmpact on Work Unit Performans. The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5): 807-833 Esmaeili, M. R., & Seidzadeh, H. (2017). The Survey of job satisfaction eeffect on performance with mediating role of organizational loyalty. Management Studies in Development and Evolution, 25(83), 51-68.
  • Fry, L. W., Vitucci, S., & Cedillo, M. (2005). Spiritual Leadership and Army Transformation: Theory, Measurement, and Establishing a Baseline, The Leadership Quarterly, 16(5): 835-862.
  • Golparvar, M., & Nadi, M. A. (2011). Mediating role of organizational loyalty in relation between work ethic with deviant workplace behavior. Ethics in Science and Technology, 6 (1). 43-52
  • Göksal, N. (2020). İşletmelerde Sosyal Medya Kullanımının İşe Adanmışlık, Çalışan Sadakati ve Bireysel Performansa Etkisi. Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
  • Gulsan, N. (2019). Ruhsallık ve Din. Erişim Tarihi: 24.08.2022 https://Evrenselkural.Blogspot.Com/.
  • Gündüz, Ş. (2017). The relationship between spiritual leadership and organizational cynicism: The moderating effect of emotional intelligence. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 18(2), 117-132.
  • Hakan, K. O. (2009). Örgütsel Bağlılık ve Sadakat İlişkisi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(28): 200-211.
  • Hochwarter, W., James, M., Johnson, D. & Ferris, G. (2004), The interactive effects of politics perceptions and trait cynicism on work outcomes, Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, Vol. 10, 44‐58
  • Hoffmann, E. A. (2006). Exit and voice: Organizational loyalty and dispute resolution strategies. Social Forces, 84(4), 2313-2330.
  • Hunsaker, W.D. (2022). Spiritual leadership and employee innovation. Current Psychology, Vol. 41(8), 5048-5057, doi: 10.1007/s12144-020-01011-9.
  • Hur, W. M., IL Park, S., & Moon, T. W. (2014). The moderating roles of organizational justice on the relationship between emotional exhaustion and organizational loyalty in airline services. Journal of Services Marketing, 28(3), 195-206.
  • Inesona, E. B., Benke, E., & Laszlo, J. (2013). Employee Loyalty İn Hungarian Hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 32. 31-39.
  • Jain, P. (2023), Spiritual leadership and innovative work behavior: the mediated relationship of interpersonal trust and knowledge sharing in the hospitality sector of India”, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Vol. 44 (1), 1-17, doi: 10.1108/lodj-03-2022-0128.
  • James, M. S. (2005). Antecedents and Consequences of Cynicism İn Organizations: An Examination of The Potential Positive and Negative Effects İçinde School Systems. The Florida State University College of Business the Graduate School Electronic Theses. Florida
  • Jauhari, H., & Singh, S. (2013). Perceived diversity climate and employees’ organizational loyalty. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal, 32(3), 262-276.
  • Johnson, J. & O'Leary‐Kelly, A. (2003), The effects of psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: not all social exchange violations are created equal, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 24, 627‐47.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2010). Faktör analizi. SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri. (Ed: Ş. Kalaycı). Ankara: Asil Yayıncılık, ss.321-331. Khaddam, A. A., Alzghoul, A., Khawaldeh, K., & Alnajdawi, A. M. (2023). How spiritual leadership influences creative behaviors: The mediating role of workplace climate. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(2), 7.
  • Kurtar, Ş. (2009). Ruhsal Liderlik Ölçeği: Türkçe Dilsel Eşdeğerlik, Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans, Yeditepe Üniversitesi
  • Lim, J. E. (2016). The moderating effects of organizational identity on the creating shared value of hotel and organizational loyalty. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 16(3), 630-637.
  • Malik, M., Islam, T., & Ashraf, Y. (2024). Take the bull by the horns! The role of spiritual leadership and dark triad toward workplace incivility. Industrial and Commercial Training, 56(2), 106-127.
  • Morgan, G, A., Nancy, L. L., Gene, W., G. & Karen C. B. (2004). SPSS for Introductory Statistics: Use and Interpretation. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publihers
  • Moxley, R. S. (2000). Leadership and spirit. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Büte, M. (2011). Algılanan Örgüt İkliminin Etik Olmayan Davranışlar Üzerindeki Etkilerinin Belirlenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 25(2): 103-122.
  • Naktiyok, S., & Zengin, Y. (2021). Spiritual leadership and quality of workplace relationships. Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty, 8(2), 720-748.
  • Organ, D.W., Podsakoff, P.M. & MacKenzie, S.B. (2006). Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Its Nature, Antecedents, and Consequences, Sage, Beverly Hills, CA.
  • Ögel, S. (2021). Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Sessizlik ve Örgütsel Sinizm Düzeylerinin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışları Üzerindeki Etkisi: Şırnak İli Örneği, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi Şırnak Üniversitesi
  • Özdemir, H. (2013). Psikolojik Sözleşme İhlali ile Örgütsel Sinizm Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesine Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans, Tezi Gazi Üniversitesi
  • Palmer, P. J. (1994). Leading from within: Out of the shadow, into the light. In J. A. Conger (Ed.), Spirit at work (pp. 19–40). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
  • Pandia, M. M., Jufrizen, J., Khair, H., & Tanjung, H. (2023). Organization citizenship behavior: the role of spiritual leadership, self-efficacy, locus of control and job satisfaction. Journal Organisasi Dan Manajemen, 19(1), 168-187.
  • Polat, S. (2011). The Level of Faculty Members' Spiritual Leadership (SL) Qualities Display According to Students in Faculty of Education. Procedia Social and Behavioral, (15): 2033-2041.
  • Polatcan, M., & Titrek, O. (2014). The relationship between leadership behaviors of school principals and their organizational cynicism attitudes. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 141, 1291-1303.
  • Pugh, S., Skarlicki, D. & Passell, B. (2003). After the fall: layoff victims' trust and cynicism in re‐employment, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 76, 201‐12
  • Ramlall, S. (2004). A review of employee motivation theories and their implications for employee retention within organizations, Journal of American Academy of Business, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp52-63.
  • Reave, L. (2005). Spiritual values and practices related to leadership effectiveness. The leadership quarterly, 16(5), 655-687.
  • Rust, R. T., Zahorik, A. J., & Keiningham, T. L. (1995). Return on quality (ROQ): Making service düalite financially accountable. Journal of marketing, 59(2), 58-70.
  • Sezgin, O., Tolay, E., & Sürgevil, O. (2016). Örgütsel Değişim Sinizmi: Çalışanların Değişime Karşı Tutumlarının İncelenmesine Yönelik Nitel Bir Araştırma. Öneri Dergisi, 12(45): 411-438.
  • Sincer, I., Volman, M., van der Veen, I., & Severiens, S. (2021). The relationship between ethnic school composition, school diversity climate and students’ competences in dealing with differences. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 47(9), 2039-2064.
  • Snell, S.A. & Dean, J.W. (1992). Integrated manufacturing and human resource management: a human capital perspective, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 35 (3), pp 467-504
  • Subhaktiyasa, P. G., Andriana, K. R. F., Sintari, S. N. N., Wati, W. S., Sumaryani, N. P., & Lede, Y. U. (2023). The effect of transformational leadership, servant leadership, and spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior. Jurnal Organisasi Dan Manajemen, 19(1), 224-238.
  • Sun, M., Alam, F., & Ma, C. (2023). How nurses’ person-organization fit influences organizational loyalty. Risk management and healthcare policy, 2019-2036.
  • Süle, G. G. (2019). Okul Yöneticilerinin Kişilik Özellikleri ile Ruhsal Liderlik Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi.
  • Torlak, Ö. (2000). Tüketim: Bireysel Eylemin Toplumsal Dönüşümü. İnkılap Basım Yayım.
  • Usmanova, K., Wang, D., Sumarliah, E., Khan, S.Z., Khan, S.U. and Younas, A. (2021), “Spiritual leadership as a pathway toward innovative work behavior via knowledge sharing self-efficacy: moderating role of innovation climate”, VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, Vol. 53 (6) pp. 1250-1270, doi: 10.1108/vjikms-04-2021-0054.
  • Whiting, S. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & Pierce, J. R. (2008). Effects of task performance, helping, voice, and organizational loyalty on performance appraisal ratings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 125.
  • Wu, C., Neubert, M. J., & Yi, X. (2007). Transformational Leadership, Cohesion Perceptions, and Employee Cynicism About Organizational Change: The Mediating Role of Justice Perceptions. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 43(3): 327-351.
  • Yamane, T. (1967). Elementary Sampling Theory. New York: Prentice-Hall.
  • Yang, J., Chang, M., Chen, Z., Zhou, L. & Zhang, J. (2021), The chain mediation effect of spiritual leadership on employees’ innovative behavior, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Vol. 42 (1), pp. 114-129, doi: 10.1108/lodj-10-2019-0442.
  • Yıldız, S. (2021). Okul Müdürlerinin Ruhsal Liderlikleri ile Okul İklimi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi.
  • Zhang, Y. & Yang, F. (2021), “How and when spiritual leadership enhances employee innovative behavior”, Personnel Review, Vol. 50 No. 2, pp. 596-609, doi: 10.1108/pr-07-2019-0346.
Toplam 64 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Liderlik, Örgütsel Davranış
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Dilek İnce Eminoğlu 0009-0003-0273-1528

Yunus Zengin 0000-0001-8381-6918

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 29 Kasım 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 29 Ekim 2024
Kabul Tarihi 5 Kasım 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA İnce Eminoğlu, D., & Zengin, Y. (2024). The Effect of Spiritual Leadership on Organisational Cynicism and Organisational Loyalty. Ahi Evran Akademi, 5(2), 12-28.