Psikolojik Dayanıklılık ve Stresle Başa Çıkmada Anlam Algısı Oluşturma Modellerinin Rolleri

Öz

Anlamlı yaşam, yaşamlarında bir amacın, önemin ve bir misyonun olduğu duygusu ile bireylerin yaşamlarını anlamlveırmaları deneyimidir. İnsanlar hem anlam sahibi olmak hem de hayatta anlam aramak için motive olurlar. Nitekim, pozitif psikoloji akımının da etkisiyle son yirmi yılda artan çalışmalar, insanların yaşamlarında anlam olduğundan ve yaşadıklarından bir anlam çıkardıklarında, psikolojik ve fiziksel olarak daha sağlıklı ve daha dayanıklı olduklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Öte yandan, kişinin yaşamındaki anlam eksikliğinin ve anlam arayışının alkol-madde ve davranışsal bağımlılıklar, depresyon, ölüm kaygısı, intihar gibi pek çok psikolojik bozukluk göstergeleriyle ilişkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Yaşamda anlam sahibi olmanın psikolojik dayanıklılık elde etmenin bir aracı olmasının dışında anlam oluşturma modeli bakımından aynı zamanda stres ve travmayla başa çıkma bağlamında da önemlidir. Nitekim, bireyler önemli bir kayıp ya da ciddi bir zorluk karşısında kaldıklarında, bu durumu anlamakta güçlük çeker, belirsizlik ve güvensizlik yaşarlar. Varolan durumsal ve global anlam sistemleri bozulur ya da sekteye uğrar. Bu nedenle, yaşadıkları zorlukları ya da travmatik deneyimleri aşmak için anlam sistemlerini yeniden oluşturmak ve inşa etmek zorunda kalırlar. Ancak bu stresli olaylar karşısında, yeniden anlamı bulmak ya da oluşturmak, insanları daha fazla zorlukla başa çıkmaya ve sonunda yaşamları üzerindeki kontrolü yeniden kazanmaya teşvik eder. Bu geleneksel derleme yazısında amacımız, güncel araştırma bulguları eşliğinde, önce yaşamda anlam literatüründe yer alan önde gelen modellerden ve özellikle stres ve travma literatüründe etkili olan anlam oluşturma modellerinden bahsetmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yaşamın Anlamı
• Yaşamda Anlam
• Anlam Modelleri
• Anlam Arayışı
• Anlam Oluşturma

The Roles of Meaning-Making Models in Resilience and Coping with Stress

Öz

Meaningful life refers to the experience of individuals making sense of their lives with the perception that there is a purpose, significance, and mission. People are motivated to have meaning and search for meaning in life. Increased studies in the last twenty years with the alignment of the positive psychology school have revealed that people are psychologically and physically healthier and more resilient when they experience a sense of meaning in their lives. On the other hand, the search for meaning or a lack of meaning in ones life is associated with many psychological disorders such as alcohol, substance abuse, behavioral addictions, depression, death anxiety, and suicide. Having meaning in life, besides being a means of achieving psychological resilience, It is also important in the context of coping with stress and trauma in terms of meaning-making model. When individuals are faced with a significant loss or adverse events, they experience making sense of this stressful event with a sense of uncertainty and insecurity. These events may disrupt or destroy their preexisting situational and global systems of meaning. Therefore, they need to reconstruct their meaning systems in order to overcome the difficulties or traumatic experiences they have experienced. However, in the face of these stressful events, finding or re-establishing meaning encourages people to take on more challenges and eventually regain control over their lives. In this traditional review, we aimed to mention the leading models in the meaning literature, especially the meaning-making models that are effective in the stress and trauma literature, accompanied by current research findings.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Meaning of Life
• Meaning in Life
• Meaning Models
• Search for Meaning
• Meaning Making

Kaynakça

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