Askeri Rejimler Altında Gana’nın Dış Politikası, 1966-1993: Tarihsel Bir İnceleme

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 40 - 68, 10.05.2023

Abdallah Imam Haruna

https://doi.org/10.33722/afes.1146797

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Bu makale, 1966’dan 1993’e kadar Gana’daki askeri rejimlerin dış politika hedeflerini incele- mektedir. Altmışların ortaları ve doksanların başlarında, Afrika ve Latin Amerika’nın en çok askeri darbeye sahip kıta olarak ün kazanmak için birbirlerine meydan okudukları görüldü. Frankofon Afrika’daki askeri karışıklıkların çoğu herhangi bir ciddi uzman analizine zar zor yol açabilse de, Gana ve Nijerya’daki isyanlar birçok askeri uzmana Afrika siyasetinin mil- itarizasyonuna farklı bir boyut kazandırmıştı. 65 yaşında bir egemen devlet olarak Gana, 1966–1969, 1972–1979, 1979 ve 1981–1993 olmak üzere dört askeri rejime tanık oldu. Bu askeri devralma politikaları, her zaman ekonomik kötü yönetim ve gücün idari olarak kötüye kullanılmasıyla suçlandı. Gerçekten de, Gana’nın ekonomisi, 1957’deki bağımsızlığından bu yana, istikrarlı ekonomik büyüme söz konusu olduğunda birkaç aksilik yaşadı. Ülke, küresel Covid-19 salgınının ortasında 6 Mart 2022’de 65. bağımsızlık gününü kutlarken, bu çalışma, son altmış yıldaki askeri rejimlerin dış politikasına odaklanarak, ülkenin bağımsızlıktan bu yana siyasi adımlarının izini sürmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Makale, tıpkı askeri subayların yönet- mek için siyasi meşruiyetten yoksun olmaları gibi, başarılı dış politika kararları almak için doğru aktörler olmadıklarını kanıtlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Gana, Batı Afrika, darbeler, askeri kural, askeri rejim, dış politika

Ghana’s Foreign Policy Under Military Regimes, 1966-1993: An Historical Review

Abstract

This paper probes the foreign policy objectives of military regimes in Ghana from 1966 to 1993. The mid-sixties and early-nineties saw Africa and Latin America challenging each other for an accolade of notoriety as the continent with the most military coup d'états. Though most of the military disturbances in Francophone Africa could barely provoke any serious expert analysis, the revolts in Ghana and Nigeria had given many military pundits a different dimension of the militarization of African politics. As a 65-year-old sovereign state, Ghana has witnessed four military regimes: 1966–1969, 1972–1979, 1979, and 1981–1993. These politics of military takeovers were always blamed on economic mismanagement and administrative abuse of power. Indeed, Ghana’s economy since independence in 1957 has suffered several setbacks as far as steady economic growth is concerned. As the country celebrated its 65th independence day on 6 March 2022, amidst the global Covid-19 pandemic, this study seeks to retrace the political steps of the country since independence; focusing on the foreign policy of the military regimes within the last six decades. The paper intends to prove that just as military officers lack political legitimacy to govern, they are hardly the right actors to make successful foreign policy decisions.

Keywords

Ghana, West Africa, Coup D'etats, Military Rule, Military Regime, Foreign Policy

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