İklim Göçünün Anlatılarını İnşa Etmek: Türk Haber Medyasında İklim Değişikliği ve Göç Söyleminin Analizi

Öz

İklim değişikliği dünya çapında etkilenen insanların ve iklim göçmenlerinin sayısını artırmakta, sınır ötesi göçün ana itici unsurlarından biri haline gelmektedir. İklim kaynaklı göç, gıda güvenliğini, geçim kaynaklarını ve insanların yaşadığı doğal ortamları doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak etkileyebilecek değişen hava koşullarının etkilerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. İklim değişikliğinin bu etkileri, özellikle yoksulluk nedeniyle zaten savunmasız olan insanlar, topluluklar için yerleşik zorlukları daha da kötüleştirmektedir. Bu çalışma, Türkiye’deki çevrimiçi haber medyasının iklim göçü sorununu nasıl çerçevelediğini tartışmakta, iklim kaynaklı göç ile ilgili medya temsillerinin metinsel ve görsel eleştirel söylem analizini (CDA) gerçekleştirerek mevcut literatüre katkı koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, farklı ideolojik görüşlere sahip üç haber portalında (cumhuriyet.com.tr, milliyet.com.tr ve yenicaggazetesi.com.tr) 01 Ocak 2022 ve 10 Ağustos 2023 tarihleri arasında yayımlanan ve “iklim kaynaklı göç” “iklim göçü” sözcükleri ile yapılan aramalar sonucunda elde edilen toplam 11 haber ile 82 görsel eleştirel olarak analiz edilmektedir. Bulgular, iklim kaynaklı göçle ilgili sosyal anlatıların oluşturulması ve yayılmasında medyanın öneminin altını bir kez daha çizmekte, Türk haber medyasında iklim değişikliği ve göçe ilişkin hâkim söylemin, iklim değişikliği nedeniyle oluşan kitlesel göçe odaklandığını, iklim kaynaklı göçün yaratmış olduğu belirsizlik, çatışma, istikrarsızlık ve güvenlikleştirmenin haber metinleri üzerinden afet, felaket ve kriz baskın söylemleri ile okuyucuya iletildiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Eleştirel Söylem Analizi
• Göç
• İklim Değişikliği
• İklim Göçü
• Medya

Constructing Narratives of Climate Migration: Analyzing Climate Change and Migration Discourse in Turkish News Media

Abstract

Climate change is increasing the number of people worldwide affected by and displaced due to climate-induced migration, becoming a major driver of cross-border migration. Climate-induced migration results from the impacts of changing weather conditions that can directly and indirectly affect food security, livelihoods, and the natural environments people inhabit. These climate change effects exacerbate existing challenges, particularly for individuals and communities already vulnerable due to poverty. This study aims to discuss how online news media in Turkey frames the issue of climate migration and contributes to the existing literature by conducting critical discourse analysis (CDA) of both textual and visual representations in media about climate-induced migration. The study analyzes a total of 11 news articles and 82 accompanying visuals published on three different news portals (cumhuriyet.com.tr, milliyet.com.tr, and yenicaggazetesi.com.tr) with different ideological perspectives between January 1, 2022, and August 10, 2023, obtained through searches using the keywords "climate-induced migration" and "climate migration." The findings underscore the importance of the media in shaping social narratives about climate-induced migration. They reveal that the dominant discourse in Turkish news media focuses on mass migration caused by climate change, conveying uncertainty, conflict, instability, and securitization through disaster, crisis, and catastrophe dominant discourses in news texts.

Keywords

• Critical Discourse Analysis
• Migration
• Climate Change
• Climate Migration
• Media

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