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Reflection of COVID-19 in The Context of Posttraumatic Growth in Turkish Society

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 57 - 69, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1094784

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic had a positive impact on posttraumatic growth and to identify the influential factors. Quantitative method was used. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Permissions were obtained before the research. The sample size was calculated with the formula t2xs2/d2. After the calculation, 106 people who consented to participate in the study were reached. Data were collected by convenience sampling method. The mean age of the participants was 31.61 ± 11.05 years. 58.5% of the participants were female and 44.3% were married. The rate of those who said they had a high income was 9.4%. More than half of the participants stated that they experienced anxiety due to the pandemic, and more than half stated that they had this disease at home. Those who reported that they were not currently working, those who thought that their mental health was affected, and those who reported experiencing anxiety due to the pandemic had higher scores on the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Posttraumatic growth and its sub-dimensions were found to make a difference in terms of some sociodemographic characteristics. Repeating this research in different cultural societies will be decisive and clarifying in terms of results.

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Project Number

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References

  • Aktürk, Z., & Acemoğlu, H. (2012). Reliability and validity in medical research. Dicle Medical Journal, 39(2), 316-319.
  • Aslan, R. (2020a). How does COVID-19 affect physiology and psychology? Journal Ayrıntı , 8(88). Aslan, R. (2020b). Epidemics, Pandemics and Covid-19. Journal Ayrıntı, 8(85).
  • Barzilay, R., Moore, T. M., Greenberg, D. M., DiDomenico, G. E., Brown, L. A., White, L. K., ... & Gur, R. E. (2020). Resilience, COVID-19-related stress, anxiety and depression during the pandemic in a large population enriched for healthcare providers. Translational psychiatry, 10(1), 1-8.
  • Bandelow, B., & Michaelis, S. (2015). Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 17(3), 327. Bleich, A., Gelkopf, M., & Solomon, Z. (2003). Exposure to terrorism, stress-related mental health symptoms, and coping behaviors among a nationally representative sample in Israel. JAMA, 290(5), 612-620.
  • Bostan, S., Erdem, R., Öztürk, Y. E., Kılıç, T., & Yılmaz, A. (2020). The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Turkish Society. Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 17(6).
  • Butler, L. D., Blasey, C. M., Garlan, R. W., McCaslin, S. E., Azarow, J., Chen, X.-H., . . . Hastings, T. A. (2005). Posttraumatic growth following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001: Cognitive, coping, and trauma symptom predictors in an internet convenience sample. Traumatology, 11(4), 247-267.
  • Calhoun, L. G., Cann, A., & Tedeschi, R. G. (2010). The posttraumatic growth model: Sociocultural considerations. In T. Weiss & R. Berger (Eds.), Posttraumatic growth and culturally competent practice: Lessons learned from around the globe (pp. 1–14). John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Calhoun, L.G., & Tedeschi, R.G. (Eds.). (1999). Facilitating Posttraumatic Growth: A Clinician's Guide (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410602268
  • Calhoun, L.G., & Tedeschi, R.G. (2004). Author's Response: "The Foundations of Posttraumatic Growth: New Considerations". Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1501_03
  • Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. (2006). The foundations of posttraumatic growth: An expanded framework. In L. G. Calhoun, & R. G. Tedeschi (Eds), Handbook of posttraumatic growth: Research and practice (pp. 1-23). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Chua, S. E., Cheung, V., McAlonan, G. M., Cheung, C., Wong, J. W., Cheung, E. P., . . . Chu, C. M. (2004). Stress and psychological impact on SARS patients during the outbreak. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(6), 385-390.
  • COVID, T.C., & Team, R. (2020). Severe Outcomes Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-United States, February 12-March 16, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69(12), 343-346.
  • Gower, T., Pham, J., Jouriles, E. N., Rosenfield, D., & Bowen, H. J. (2022). Cognitive biases in perceptions of posttraumatic growth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 94, 102159.
  • Davidson, H. (2020). First COVID-19 case happened in November, China government records show-report. The Guardian, 13.
  • Duman, N. (2019). TPosttraumatic growth and development. International Journal of Afro-Eurasian Studies, 4(7), 178-184.
  • Dürü, Ç. (2006). Examining posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth in terms of various variables: a model proposal (Master Thesis), Hacettepe University, Hacettepe University Institute of Social Sciences Department of Psychology Division of Clinical Psychology Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/%C3%87a%C4%9Fla%20Yi%C4%9Fitba%C5%9F/Desktop/159594.pdf Doorn, A., K., Békés, V., Luo, X., Prout, T. A., & Hoffman, L. (2022). Therapists’ resilience and posttraumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 14(S1), S165–S173. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001097
  • Elçi, Ö. (2004). The level of social support, stress level and coping strategies predicting posttraumatic growth and burnout in families of children with autism. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Middle East Technical University Institute of Social Sciences, Ankara.
  • Feingold, J. H., Hurtado, A., Feder, A., Peccoralo, L., Southwick, S. M., Ripp, J., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2022). Posttraumatic growth among health care workers on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of affective disorders, 296, 35-40.
  • Griffin G. Defining trauma and a trauma-informed COVID-19 response. Psychol Trauma. 2020 12(1):279-280. doi: 10.1037/tra0000828. Epub 2020 Jun 18. PMID: 32551754.
  • Guan, W.-j., Ni, Z.-y., Hu, Y., Liang, W.-h., Ou, C.-q., He, J.-x., . . . Hui, D. S. (2020). Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18), 1708-1720. Guo, J., Fu, M., Xing, J., Qu, Z., & Wang, X. (2017). Coping style and posttraumatic growth among adult survivors 8 years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Personality and Individual Differences, 111, 31-36.
  • Guo, Y.-J., Chen, C.-H., Lu, M.-L., Tan, H. K.-L., Lee, H.-W., & Wang, T.-N. (2004). Posttraumatic stress disorder among professional and non-professional rescuers involved in an earthquake in Taiwan. Psychiatry research, 127(1-2), 35-41.
  • İnci, F., & Boztepe, H. (2013). Posttraumatic growth: does pain that doesn't kill make you stronger? Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 4(2), 80-84.
  • Kalayci, S. (2005). Multivariate statistical techniques with SPSS application. Ankara: Asil Yayin Dagitim.
  • Kanat, B. B., & Özpolat, A. G. Y. (2016). Post-traumatic growth in cancer patients. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory, 7(4), 106-110.
  • Karanci, N. A., & Acarturk. (2005). Post-traumatic growth among Marmara earthquake survivors involved in disaster preparedness as volunteers. Traumatology, 11(4), 307-323. Karataş, Z. (2020). Social Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Change and Empowerment. Social Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic, Change and Empowerment.
  • Kardaş, F., & Tanhan, F. (2018). Investigation of posttraumatic stress, posttraumatic growth and hopelessness levels of university students who experienced the Van earthquake. Yüzüncü Yıl University Journal of Faculty of Education, 15(1), 1-36.
  • Lippi, G., & Plebani, M. (2020). Laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-2019 infection. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), 58(7), 1131-1134.
  • Linley, P.A. & Joseph, S. (2011). Meaning in Life and Posttraumatic Growth, Journal of Loss and Trauma, 16:2, 150-159, DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2010.519287
  • Mak, I. W. C., Chu, C. M., Pan, P. C., Yiu, M. G. C., & Chan, V. L. (2009). Long-term psychiatric morbidities among SARS survivors. General hospital psychiatry, 31(4), 318-326. Martin, L., Byrnes, M., McGarry, S., Rea, S., & Wood, F. (2017). Posttraumatic growth after burn in adults: An integrative literature review. Burns, 43(3), 459-470. McKibbin, W. J., & Fernando, R. (2020). The global macroeconomic impacts of COVID-19: Seven scenarios.
  • McMichael, T. M. (2020). COVID-19 in a long-term care facility—King County, Washington, February 27–March 9, 2020. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69.
  • Nelson, S. M., & Lee-Winn, A. E. (2020). The mental turmoil of hospital nurses in the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy.
  • Nenova, M., DuHamel, K., Zemon, V., Rini, C., & Redd, W. H. (2013). Posttraumatic growth, social support, and social constraint in hematopoietic stem cell transplant survivors. Psycho‐oncology, 22(1), 195-202.
  • Onder, G., Rezza, G., & Brusaferro, S. (2020). Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy. Jama, 323(18), 1775-1776.
  • Özcan, N. A., & Arslan, R. (2020). The mediating role of social support and spirituality in the relationship between posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 19(73).
  • Özçetin, Y. S. Ü., & Hiçdurmaz, D. (2017). Posttraumatic growth and psychological resilience in cancer experience. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 9(4), 388-397. Prout, T. A., Zilcha-Mano, S., Aafjes-van Doorn, K., Békés, V., Christman-Cohen, I., Whistler, K., ... & Di Giuseppe, M. (2020). Identifying predictors of psychological distress during COVID-19: a machine learning approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 11.
  • Polverino, F. (2020). Cigarette Smoking and COVID-19: A Complex Interaction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 202(3), 471-472. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202005-1646LE
  • Ran, L., Wang, W., Ai, M., Kong, Y., Chen, J., & Kuang, L. (2020). Psychological resilience, depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms in response to COVID-19: A study of the general population in China at the peak of its epidemic. Social Science & Medicine, 262.
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2020). https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/39229/0/covid-19-haftalik-durum-raporu---43pdf.pdf?_tag1=70F7CD89B8F7191D8FAD3ACF29EF550190C31B61.
  • Sarısoy, G. (2012). Investigation of the degree of posttraumatic growth and the factors predicting posttraumatic growth in breast cancer patients (Master's thesis). Ankara, Hacettepe University.
  • Schilling, W., Callery, J., Taylor, W., Mukaka, M., Ekkapongpisit, M., Watson, J., . . . Yuentrakul, P. (2020). Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine prevention of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the healthcare setting; protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled prophylaxis study (COPCOV). Wellcome Open Research, 5(241), 241.
  • Shakespeare-Finch, J., Bowen-Salter, H., Cashin, M., Badawi, A., Wells, R., Rosenbaum, S., & Steel, Z. (2020). COVID-19: An Australian Perspective. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 25(8), 662-672.
  • Shakespeare-Finch, J. E., Smith, S., Gow, K. M., Embelton, G., & Baird, L. (2003). The prevalence of post-traumatic growth in emergency ambulance personnel. Traumatology, 9(1), 58-71.
  • Shaw, A., Joseph, S., & Linley, P.A. (2005) Religion, spirituality, and posttraumatic growth: a systematic review, Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 8:1, 1-11, DOI: 10.1080/1367467032000157981
  • Sawhney, C., Singh, Y., Jain, K., Sawhney, R., & Trikha, A. (2020). Trauma care and COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, 36(Suppl 1), 115.
  • Shen, K., Yang, Y., Wang, T., Zhao, D., Jiang, Y., Jin, R., . . . Lin, L. (2020). Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: experts’ consensus statement. World journal of pediatrics, 1-9.
  • Şirin, H., & Özkan, S. (2020). COVID-19 Epidemiology in the World and Turkey. Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 6-13.
  • Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). " Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence". Psychological inquiry, 15(1), 1-18.
  • Wu, W., Zhang, Y., Wang, P., Zhang, L., Wang, G., Lei, G., . . . Xie, S. (2020). Psychological stress of medical staffs during outbreak of COVID‐19 and adjustment strategy. Journal of Medical Virology.
  • Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J. M. (2020). Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Jama, 323(13), 1239-1242.
  • Zhang, J.-j., Dong, X., Cao, Y.-y., Yuan, Y.-d., Yang, Y.-b., Yan, Y.-q., . . . Gao, Y.-d. (2020). Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 in Wuhan, China. Allergy.
  • Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., . . . Gu, X. (2020). Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet.
  • Zhou, X., & Wu, X. (2016). The relationship between rumination, posttraumatic stress disorder, and posttraumatic growth among Chinese adolescents after earthquake: A longitudinal study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 193, 242-248.

Reflection of COVID-19 in The Context of Posttraumatic Growth in Turkish Society

Year 2023, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 57 - 69, 31.03.2023
https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1094784

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic had a positive impact on posttraumatic growth and to identify the influential factors. Quantitative method was used. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Permissions were obtained before the research. The sample size was calculated with the formula t2xs2/d2. After the calculation, 106 people who consented to participate in the study were reached. Data were collected by convenience sampling method. The mean age of the participants was 31.61 ± 11.05 years. 58.5% of the participants were female and 44.3% were married. The rate of those who said they had a high income was 9.4%. More than half of the participants stated that they experienced anxiety due to the pandemic, and more than half stated that they had this disease at home. Those who reported that they were not currently working, those who thought that their mental health was affected, and those who reported experiencing anxiety due to the pandemic had higher scores on the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Posttraumatic growth and its sub-dimensions were found to make a difference in terms of some sociodemographic characteristics. Repeating this research in different cultural societies will be decisive and clarifying in terms of results.

Project Number

-

References

  • Aktürk, Z., & Acemoğlu, H. (2012). Reliability and validity in medical research. Dicle Medical Journal, 39(2), 316-319.
  • Aslan, R. (2020a). How does COVID-19 affect physiology and psychology? Journal Ayrıntı , 8(88). Aslan, R. (2020b). Epidemics, Pandemics and Covid-19. Journal Ayrıntı, 8(85).
  • Barzilay, R., Moore, T. M., Greenberg, D. M., DiDomenico, G. E., Brown, L. A., White, L. K., ... & Gur, R. E. (2020). Resilience, COVID-19-related stress, anxiety and depression during the pandemic in a large population enriched for healthcare providers. Translational psychiatry, 10(1), 1-8.
  • Bandelow, B., & Michaelis, S. (2015). Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 17(3), 327. Bleich, A., Gelkopf, M., & Solomon, Z. (2003). Exposure to terrorism, stress-related mental health symptoms, and coping behaviors among a nationally representative sample in Israel. JAMA, 290(5), 612-620.
  • Bostan, S., Erdem, R., Öztürk, Y. E., Kılıç, T., & Yılmaz, A. (2020). The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Turkish Society. Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 17(6).
  • Butler, L. D., Blasey, C. M., Garlan, R. W., McCaslin, S. E., Azarow, J., Chen, X.-H., . . . Hastings, T. A. (2005). Posttraumatic growth following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001: Cognitive, coping, and trauma symptom predictors in an internet convenience sample. Traumatology, 11(4), 247-267.
  • Calhoun, L. G., Cann, A., & Tedeschi, R. G. (2010). The posttraumatic growth model: Sociocultural considerations. In T. Weiss & R. Berger (Eds.), Posttraumatic growth and culturally competent practice: Lessons learned from around the globe (pp. 1–14). John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • Calhoun, L.G., & Tedeschi, R.G. (Eds.). (1999). Facilitating Posttraumatic Growth: A Clinician's Guide (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410602268
  • Calhoun, L.G., & Tedeschi, R.G. (2004). Author's Response: "The Foundations of Posttraumatic Growth: New Considerations". Psychological Inquiry, 15(1), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli1501_03
  • Calhoun, L. G., & Tedeschi, R. (2006). The foundations of posttraumatic growth: An expanded framework. In L. G. Calhoun, & R. G. Tedeschi (Eds), Handbook of posttraumatic growth: Research and practice (pp. 1-23). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Chua, S. E., Cheung, V., McAlonan, G. M., Cheung, C., Wong, J. W., Cheung, E. P., . . . Chu, C. M. (2004). Stress and psychological impact on SARS patients during the outbreak. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(6), 385-390.
  • COVID, T.C., & Team, R. (2020). Severe Outcomes Among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-United States, February 12-March 16, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 69(12), 343-346.
  • Gower, T., Pham, J., Jouriles, E. N., Rosenfield, D., & Bowen, H. J. (2022). Cognitive biases in perceptions of posttraumatic growth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 94, 102159.
  • Davidson, H. (2020). First COVID-19 case happened in November, China government records show-report. The Guardian, 13.
  • Duman, N. (2019). TPosttraumatic growth and development. International Journal of Afro-Eurasian Studies, 4(7), 178-184.
  • Dürü, Ç. (2006). Examining posttraumatic stress symptoms and posttraumatic growth in terms of various variables: a model proposal (Master Thesis), Hacettepe University, Hacettepe University Institute of Social Sciences Department of Psychology Division of Clinical Psychology Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/%C3%87a%C4%9Fla%20Yi%C4%9Fitba%C5%9F/Desktop/159594.pdf Doorn, A., K., Békés, V., Luo, X., Prout, T. A., & Hoffman, L. (2022). Therapists’ resilience and posttraumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 14(S1), S165–S173. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001097
  • Elçi, Ö. (2004). The level of social support, stress level and coping strategies predicting posttraumatic growth and burnout in families of children with autism. Unpublished Master's Thesis, Middle East Technical University Institute of Social Sciences, Ankara.
  • Feingold, J. H., Hurtado, A., Feder, A., Peccoralo, L., Southwick, S. M., Ripp, J., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2022). Posttraumatic growth among health care workers on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of affective disorders, 296, 35-40.
  • Griffin G. Defining trauma and a trauma-informed COVID-19 response. Psychol Trauma. 2020 12(1):279-280. doi: 10.1037/tra0000828. Epub 2020 Jun 18. PMID: 32551754.
  • Guan, W.-j., Ni, Z.-y., Hu, Y., Liang, W.-h., Ou, C.-q., He, J.-x., . . . Hui, D. S. (2020). Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18), 1708-1720. Guo, J., Fu, M., Xing, J., Qu, Z., & Wang, X. (2017). Coping style and posttraumatic growth among adult survivors 8 years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. Personality and Individual Differences, 111, 31-36.
  • Guo, Y.-J., Chen, C.-H., Lu, M.-L., Tan, H. K.-L., Lee, H.-W., & Wang, T.-N. (2004). Posttraumatic stress disorder among professional and non-professional rescuers involved in an earthquake in Taiwan. Psychiatry research, 127(1-2), 35-41.
  • İnci, F., & Boztepe, H. (2013). Posttraumatic growth: does pain that doesn't kill make you stronger? Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 4(2), 80-84.
  • Kalayci, S. (2005). Multivariate statistical techniques with SPSS application. Ankara: Asil Yayin Dagitim.
  • Kanat, B. B., & Özpolat, A. G. Y. (2016). Post-traumatic growth in cancer patients. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory, 7(4), 106-110.
  • Karanci, N. A., & Acarturk. (2005). Post-traumatic growth among Marmara earthquake survivors involved in disaster preparedness as volunteers. Traumatology, 11(4), 307-323. Karataş, Z. (2020). Social Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Change and Empowerment. Social Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic, Change and Empowerment.
  • Kardaş, F., & Tanhan, F. (2018). Investigation of posttraumatic stress, posttraumatic growth and hopelessness levels of university students who experienced the Van earthquake. Yüzüncü Yıl University Journal of Faculty of Education, 15(1), 1-36.
  • Lippi, G., & Plebani, M. (2020). Laboratory abnormalities in patients with COVID-2019 infection. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), 58(7), 1131-1134.
  • Linley, P.A. & Joseph, S. (2011). Meaning in Life and Posttraumatic Growth, Journal of Loss and Trauma, 16:2, 150-159, DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2010.519287
  • Mak, I. W. C., Chu, C. M., Pan, P. C., Yiu, M. G. C., & Chan, V. L. (2009). Long-term psychiatric morbidities among SARS survivors. General hospital psychiatry, 31(4), 318-326. Martin, L., Byrnes, M., McGarry, S., Rea, S., & Wood, F. (2017). Posttraumatic growth after burn in adults: An integrative literature review. Burns, 43(3), 459-470. McKibbin, W. J., & Fernando, R. (2020). The global macroeconomic impacts of COVID-19: Seven scenarios.
  • McMichael, T. M. (2020). COVID-19 in a long-term care facility—King County, Washington, February 27–March 9, 2020. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 69.
  • Nelson, S. M., & Lee-Winn, A. E. (2020). The mental turmoil of hospital nurses in the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy.
  • Nenova, M., DuHamel, K., Zemon, V., Rini, C., & Redd, W. H. (2013). Posttraumatic growth, social support, and social constraint in hematopoietic stem cell transplant survivors. Psycho‐oncology, 22(1), 195-202.
  • Onder, G., Rezza, G., & Brusaferro, S. (2020). Case-fatality rate and characteristics of patients dying in relation to COVID-19 in Italy. Jama, 323(18), 1775-1776.
  • Özcan, N. A., & Arslan, R. (2020). The mediating role of social support and spirituality in the relationship between posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic growth. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences, 19(73).
  • Özçetin, Y. S. Ü., & Hiçdurmaz, D. (2017). Posttraumatic growth and psychological resilience in cancer experience. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 9(4), 388-397. Prout, T. A., Zilcha-Mano, S., Aafjes-van Doorn, K., Békés, V., Christman-Cohen, I., Whistler, K., ... & Di Giuseppe, M. (2020). Identifying predictors of psychological distress during COVID-19: a machine learning approach. Frontiers in Psychology, 11.
  • Polverino, F. (2020). Cigarette Smoking and COVID-19: A Complex Interaction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 202(3), 471-472. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202005-1646LE
  • Ran, L., Wang, W., Ai, M., Kong, Y., Chen, J., & Kuang, L. (2020). Psychological resilience, depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms in response to COVID-19: A study of the general population in China at the peak of its epidemic. Social Science & Medicine, 262.
  • Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2020). https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/Eklenti/39229/0/covid-19-haftalik-durum-raporu---43pdf.pdf?_tag1=70F7CD89B8F7191D8FAD3ACF29EF550190C31B61.
  • Sarısoy, G. (2012). Investigation of the degree of posttraumatic growth and the factors predicting posttraumatic growth in breast cancer patients (Master's thesis). Ankara, Hacettepe University.
  • Schilling, W., Callery, J., Taylor, W., Mukaka, M., Ekkapongpisit, M., Watson, J., . . . Yuentrakul, P. (2020). Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine prevention of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the healthcare setting; protocol for a randomised, placebo-controlled prophylaxis study (COPCOV). Wellcome Open Research, 5(241), 241.
  • Shakespeare-Finch, J., Bowen-Salter, H., Cashin, M., Badawi, A., Wells, R., Rosenbaum, S., & Steel, Z. (2020). COVID-19: An Australian Perspective. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 25(8), 662-672.
  • Shakespeare-Finch, J. E., Smith, S., Gow, K. M., Embelton, G., & Baird, L. (2003). The prevalence of post-traumatic growth in emergency ambulance personnel. Traumatology, 9(1), 58-71.
  • Shaw, A., Joseph, S., & Linley, P.A. (2005) Religion, spirituality, and posttraumatic growth: a systematic review, Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 8:1, 1-11, DOI: 10.1080/1367467032000157981
  • Sawhney, C., Singh, Y., Jain, K., Sawhney, R., & Trikha, A. (2020). Trauma care and COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Anaesthesiology, Clinical Pharmacology, 36(Suppl 1), 115.
  • Shen, K., Yang, Y., Wang, T., Zhao, D., Jiang, Y., Jin, R., . . . Lin, L. (2020). Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: experts’ consensus statement. World journal of pediatrics, 1-9.
  • Şirin, H., & Özkan, S. (2020). COVID-19 Epidemiology in the World and Turkey. Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery. 6-13.
  • Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). " Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence". Psychological inquiry, 15(1), 1-18.
  • Wu, W., Zhang, Y., Wang, P., Zhang, L., Wang, G., Lei, G., . . . Xie, S. (2020). Psychological stress of medical staffs during outbreak of COVID‐19 and adjustment strategy. Journal of Medical Virology.
  • Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J. M. (2020). Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Jama, 323(13), 1239-1242.
  • Zhang, J.-j., Dong, X., Cao, Y.-y., Yuan, Y.-d., Yang, Y.-b., Yan, Y.-q., . . . Gao, Y.-d. (2020). Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 in Wuhan, China. Allergy.
  • Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., . . . Gu, X. (2020). Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The Lancet.
  • Zhou, X., & Wu, X. (2016). The relationship between rumination, posttraumatic stress disorder, and posttraumatic growth among Chinese adolescents after earthquake: A longitudinal study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 193, 242-248.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Çağla Yiğitbaş 0000-0002-3789-1156

Ayse Elkoca 0000-0002-3936-4122

Handan Özcan 0000-0002-7131-1856

Project Number -
Publication Date March 31, 2023
Acceptance Date February 26, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yiğitbaş, Ç., Elkoca, A., & Özcan, H. (2023). Reflection of COVID-19 in The Context of Posttraumatic Growth in Turkish Society. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi, 6(1), 57-69. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1094784
AMA Yiğitbaş Ç, Elkoca A, Özcan H. Reflection of COVID-19 in The Context of Posttraumatic Growth in Turkish Society. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. March 2023;6(1):57-69. doi:10.35341/afet.1094784
Chicago Yiğitbaş, Çağla, Ayse Elkoca, and Handan Özcan. “Reflection of COVID-19 in The Context of Posttraumatic Growth in Turkish Society”. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi 6, no. 1 (March 2023): 57-69. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1094784.
EndNote Yiğitbaş Ç, Elkoca A, Özcan H (March 1, 2023) Reflection of COVID-19 in The Context of Posttraumatic Growth in Turkish Society. Afet ve Risk Dergisi 6 1 57–69.
IEEE Ç. Yiğitbaş, A. Elkoca, and H. Özcan, “Reflection of COVID-19 in The Context of Posttraumatic Growth in Turkish Society”, Afet ve Risk Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 57–69, 2023, doi: 10.35341/afet.1094784.
ISNAD Yiğitbaş, Çağla et al. “Reflection of COVID-19 in The Context of Posttraumatic Growth in Turkish Society”. Afet ve Risk Dergisi 6/1 (March 2023), 57-69. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1094784.
JAMA Yiğitbaş Ç, Elkoca A, Özcan H. Reflection of COVID-19 in The Context of Posttraumatic Growth in Turkish Society. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. 2023;6:57–69.
MLA Yiğitbaş, Çağla et al. “Reflection of COVID-19 in The Context of Posttraumatic Growth in Turkish Society”. Afet Ve Risk Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 1, 2023, pp. 57-69, doi:10.35341/afet.1094784.
Vancouver Yiğitbaş Ç, Elkoca A, Özcan H. Reflection of COVID-19 in The Context of Posttraumatic Growth in Turkish Society. Afet ve Risk Dergisi. 2023;6(1):57-69.