Access to Health Services from the Perspective of Earthquake Survivors: The Case of the February 6 Kahramanmaraş Earthquake
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 496 - 512, 31.07.2025
Merve Kişi
,
Elif Akdemir
,
Aslı Metin
Öz
This study aims to examine the experiences of earthquake survivors in accessing health services after the earthquakes centered in Kahramanmaraş on February 6, 2023. Using qualitative research method, semi-structured interviews were conducted with earthquake survivors and the data obtained were revealed through phenomenological and thematic analysis. It was observed that psychological and physical disorders emerged after the earthquake and that these problems were caused by economic, environmental and personal factors. In the study, the difficulties faced by earthquake survivors in accessing health services were examined in the categories of organization, human resources, financing and service delivery. In addition, earthquake survivors' suggestions for the improvement of health services were presented in the categories of suggestions for health policy and suggestions for institutions. As a result, the findings of the study contribute to the development of health policies and the strengthening of health service delivery in times of disaster.
Kaynakça
-
Abu-Zidan, F. M., Jawas, A., Idris, K., Cevik, A. A. (2024). Surgical and critical care management of earthquake musculoskeletal injuries and crush syndrome: A collective review. Turkish journal of emergency medicine, 24(2), 67-79.
-
Achour, N., Miyajima, M. (2020). Post-earthquake hospital functionality evaluation: The case of Kumamoto Earthquake 2016. Earthquake Spectra, 36(4), 1670-1694.
-
AFAD. (2023). 06 Şubat 2023 Pazarcık-Elbistan Kahramanmaraş (Mw: 7.7 – Mw: 7.6) Depremleri Raporu. https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/assets/pdf/Kahramanmara%C5%9F%20Depremi%20%20Raporu_02.06.2023.pdf
-
Akaishi, T., Morino, K., Maruyama, Y., Ishibashi, S., Takayama, S., Abe, M., ... & Ishii, T. (2021). Restoration of clean water supply and toilet hygiene reduces infectious diseases in post-disaster evacuation shelters: A multicenter observational study. Heliyon, 7(5), 1-12.
-
Akar, S. (2013). Doğal afetlerin kamu maliyesine ve makro ekonomiye etkileri: Türkiye değerlendirmesi. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 11(21), 185-206.
-
Akkaya, M., Öktem, U., Tolunay, T., Ocak, M., Yolaçan, D. S., Gürler, A., ..., Yıldırım, Y. (2023). An overview of the orthopedic patient profile in the first five days following February 6th, 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquake: A single-center experience in the earthquake zone. Joint diseases and related surgery, 34(2), 503.
-
Almira, F., Hidajah, A. C. (2020). Epidemiology of post-earthquake diseases in gangga subdistrict, north lombok, indonesia. Journal of Health and Translational Medicine (JUMMEC), 182-188.
-
Ateş, S., Erdem, H. (2023). The earthquake in Türkiye and infectious disease concerns. New Microbes and New Infections, 52.
-
Balikuddembe, J. K., Reinhardt, J. D., Vahid, G., Di, B. (2024). A scoping review of post-earthquake healthcare for vulnerable groups of the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquakes. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 945.
-
Bilgehan, T., Akca, A., Karşıgil, P., Dünder, E., Alkaya, S. A. (2023). Depremzede bireylerde kronik hastalıkların epidemiyolojisi, semptomların tespiti, sağlık gereksinimleri ve baş etme stratejilerinin belirlenmesi [Conference presentation]. Deprem Araştırmaları Sanal Konferansı, Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı.
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Bissell, R. A., Pinet, L., Nelson, M., Levy, M. (2004). Evidence of the effectiveness of health sector preparedness in disaster response: the example of four earthquakes. Family & Community Health, 27(3), 193-203.
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Braun, V., Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
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Brown, J., Cairncross, S., & Ensink, J. H. (2013). Water, sanitation, hygiene and enteric infections in children. Archives of disease in childhood, 98(8), 629-634.
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Canatan, H. (2020). Afetlerde sürdürülebilir sağlık hizmetleri için güvenli hastane kavramının önemi üzerine bir araştırma. Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi, 7(1), 55-60.
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Ceferino, L., Mitrani-Reiser, J., Kiremidjian, A., Deierlein, G., Bambarén, C. (2020). Effective plans for hospital system response to earthquake emergencies. Nature communications, 11(1), 4325.
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Cole, G., Rosenblum, A. J., Boston, M., Barnett, D. J. (2020). Applying the Haddon Matrix to Hospital Earthquake Preparedness and Response. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 1–8. doi:10.1017/dmp.2020.30
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Creswell, J. W (2016). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri (Çev. M. Bütün ve S. B. Demir). 3. Baskı. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi. (Orijinal Baskı: 2013).
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Creswell, J. W., Poth, C. N. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry And Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. Sage Publications
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Diakomi, M. (2021). Prehospital Fluid Resuscitation, Pain Relief and Stabilization. In Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Disaster Management: From Prehospital to Hospital Care and Beyond (pp. 19-24). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
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Dodgson, J. E. (2017). About Research: Qualitative Methodologies. Journal of Human Lactation. 33(2), 355-358.
-
Farooqui, M., Quadri, S. A., Suriya, S. S., Khan, M. A., Ovais, M., Sohail, Z., … Hassan, M. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder: a serious post-earthquake complication. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 39(2), 135–143
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Fatema, S. R., Islam, M. S., East, L., Usher, K. (2019). Women’s health-related vulnerabilities in natural disasters: a systematic review protocol. BMJ open, 9(12), e032079.
-
Gencer, G. Y. G., Göktaş, İ., Uz, B. Y. (2024). Menopozlu Kadınlarda Deprem Sonrası Genital Hijyen, Yaşam Kalitesi ve Üriner İnkontinans Farkındalığının İncelenmesi. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 17(1), 32-42..
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Goretti, A., Sarli, V. (2006). Road network and damaged buildings in urban areas: short and long-term interaction. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 4, 159-175.
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Haddon Jr, W. (1980). Advances in the epidemiology of injuries as a basis for public policy. Public health reports, 95(5), 411.
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Han, Y., Wei, J., Zhao, Y. (2021). Long-term effects of housing damage on survivors’ health in rural China: Evidence from a survey 10 Years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Social Science & Medicine, 270, 113641.
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Harrell, M., Selvaraj, S. A., Edgar, M. (2020). Danger! Crisis health workers at risk. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(15), 5270.
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Iqbal, A., Sheikh, A. (2023). The devastating earthquake that struck Turkey and Syria: Post‐traumatic stress disorder and mental health issues among the victims. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 38(4), 1080-1083.
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Keyifli, N. (2021). Oecd Ülkelerinde Doğal Afetlerin Bütçe Açıkları Üzerine Etkisi: Dinamik Panel Veri Analizi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (43), 303-318.
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Krishnamurti, D. C. (2018). Hospital Preparedness And Response During Earthquakes. OSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSRJDMS), 17(1), 53-57.
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Kumar, R., Kumar, A., Kumar Singh, K., Singh, A., Sinha, N. (2017). Post-Earthquake Psychiatric Morbidity. Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research, 5(8). https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i8.15
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Depremzedelerin Perspektifinden Sağlık Hizmetlerine Erişim: 6 Şubat Kahramanmaraş Depremi Örneği
Yıl 2025,
Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 496 - 512, 31.07.2025
Merve Kişi
,
Elif Akdemir
,
Aslı Metin
Öz
Bu araştırma, 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde Kahramanmaraş merkezli meydana gelen depremler sonrası depremzedelerin sağlık hizmetine erişim deneyimlerini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılan araştırmada, depremzede katılımcılarla yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiş ve elde edilen veriler fenomenolojik ve tematik analiz ile ortaya konulmuştur. Deprem sonrası psikolojik ve fiziksel rahatsızlıkların ortaya çıktığı, bu sorunların ekonomik, çevresel ve kişisel etmenlerden kaynaklı olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada, depremzedelerin sağlık hizmetine erişimde karşılaştıkları zorluklar; örgütlenme, insan kaynakları, finansman ve hizmet sunumu kategorilerinde incelenmiştir. Ayrıca depremzedelerin sağlık hizmetlerinin iyileştirilmesine yönelik önerileri, sağlık politikasına yönelik ve kurumlarla ilgili öneriler kategorilerinde sunulmuştur. Sonuç olarak çalışma bulguları, sağlık politikalarının geliştirilmesine ve afet dönemlerinde sağlık hizmeti sunumunun güçlendirilmesine katkı sunmaktadır.
Etik Beyan
Bu çalışmanın, özgün bir çalışma olduğunu; çalışmanın hazırlık, veri toplama, analiz ve bilgilerin sunumu olmak üzere tüm aşamalarından bilimsel etik ilke ve kurallarına uygun davrandığımı; bu çalışma kapsamında elde edilmeyen tüm veri ve bilgiler için kaynak gösterdiğimi ve bu kaynaklara kaynakçada yer verdiğimi; kullanılan verilerde herhangi bir değişiklik yapmadığımı, çalışmanın Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)' in tüm şartlarını ve koşullarını kabul ederek etik görev ve sorumluluklara riayet ettiğimi beyan ederim. Herhangi bir zamanda, çalışmayla ilgili yaptığım bu beyana aykırı bir durumun saptanması durumunda, ortaya çıkacak tüm ahlaki ve hukuki sonuçlara razı olduğumu bildiririm.
Teşekkür
Katılımcı olmayı kabul eden tüm depremzedelere teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça
-
Abu-Zidan, F. M., Jawas, A., Idris, K., Cevik, A. A. (2024). Surgical and critical care management of earthquake musculoskeletal injuries and crush syndrome: A collective review. Turkish journal of emergency medicine, 24(2), 67-79.
-
Achour, N., Miyajima, M. (2020). Post-earthquake hospital functionality evaluation: The case of Kumamoto Earthquake 2016. Earthquake Spectra, 36(4), 1670-1694.
-
AFAD. (2023). 06 Şubat 2023 Pazarcık-Elbistan Kahramanmaraş (Mw: 7.7 – Mw: 7.6) Depremleri Raporu. https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/assets/pdf/Kahramanmara%C5%9F%20Depremi%20%20Raporu_02.06.2023.pdf
-
Akaishi, T., Morino, K., Maruyama, Y., Ishibashi, S., Takayama, S., Abe, M., ... & Ishii, T. (2021). Restoration of clean water supply and toilet hygiene reduces infectious diseases in post-disaster evacuation shelters: A multicenter observational study. Heliyon, 7(5), 1-12.
-
Akar, S. (2013). Doğal afetlerin kamu maliyesine ve makro ekonomiye etkileri: Türkiye değerlendirmesi. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 11(21), 185-206.
-
Akkaya, M., Öktem, U., Tolunay, T., Ocak, M., Yolaçan, D. S., Gürler, A., ..., Yıldırım, Y. (2023). An overview of the orthopedic patient profile in the first five days following February 6th, 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquake: A single-center experience in the earthquake zone. Joint diseases and related surgery, 34(2), 503.
-
Almira, F., Hidajah, A. C. (2020). Epidemiology of post-earthquake diseases in gangga subdistrict, north lombok, indonesia. Journal of Health and Translational Medicine (JUMMEC), 182-188.
-
Ateş, S., Erdem, H. (2023). The earthquake in Türkiye and infectious disease concerns. New Microbes and New Infections, 52.
-
Balikuddembe, J. K., Reinhardt, J. D., Vahid, G., Di, B. (2024). A scoping review of post-earthquake healthcare for vulnerable groups of the 2023 Turkey-Syria earthquakes. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 945.
-
Bilgehan, T., Akca, A., Karşıgil, P., Dünder, E., Alkaya, S. A. (2023). Depremzede bireylerde kronik hastalıkların epidemiyolojisi, semptomların tespiti, sağlık gereksinimleri ve baş etme stratejilerinin belirlenmesi [Conference presentation]. Deprem Araştırmaları Sanal Konferansı, Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanlığı.
-
Bissell, R. A., Pinet, L., Nelson, M., Levy, M. (2004). Evidence of the effectiveness of health sector preparedness in disaster response: the example of four earthquakes. Family & Community Health, 27(3), 193-203.
-
Braun, V., Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
-
Brown, J., Cairncross, S., & Ensink, J. H. (2013). Water, sanitation, hygiene and enteric infections in children. Archives of disease in childhood, 98(8), 629-634.
-
Canatan, H. (2020). Afetlerde sürdürülebilir sağlık hizmetleri için güvenli hastane kavramının önemi üzerine bir araştırma. Sağlık Akademisyenleri Dergisi, 7(1), 55-60.
-
Ceferino, L., Mitrani-Reiser, J., Kiremidjian, A., Deierlein, G., Bambarén, C. (2020). Effective plans for hospital system response to earthquake emergencies. Nature communications, 11(1), 4325.
-
Cole, G., Rosenblum, A. J., Boston, M., Barnett, D. J. (2020). Applying the Haddon Matrix to Hospital Earthquake Preparedness and Response. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 1–8. doi:10.1017/dmp.2020.30
-
Creswell, J. W (2016). Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri (Çev. M. Bütün ve S. B. Demir). 3. Baskı. Ankara: Siyasal Kitabevi. (Orijinal Baskı: 2013).
-
Creswell, J. W., Poth, C. N. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry And Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. Sage Publications
-
Diakomi, M. (2021). Prehospital Fluid Resuscitation, Pain Relief and Stabilization. In Emergency Medicine, Trauma and Disaster Management: From Prehospital to Hospital Care and Beyond (pp. 19-24). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
-
Dodgson, J. E. (2017). About Research: Qualitative Methodologies. Journal of Human Lactation. 33(2), 355-358.
-
Farooqui, M., Quadri, S. A., Suriya, S. S., Khan, M. A., Ovais, M., Sohail, Z., … Hassan, M. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder: a serious post-earthquake complication. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 39(2), 135–143
-
Fatema, S. R., Islam, M. S., East, L., Usher, K. (2019). Women’s health-related vulnerabilities in natural disasters: a systematic review protocol. BMJ open, 9(12), e032079.
-
Gencer, G. Y. G., Göktaş, İ., Uz, B. Y. (2024). Menopozlu Kadınlarda Deprem Sonrası Genital Hijyen, Yaşam Kalitesi ve Üriner İnkontinans Farkındalığının İncelenmesi. Yaşlı Sorunları Araştırma Dergisi, 17(1), 32-42..
-
Goretti, A., Sarli, V. (2006). Road network and damaged buildings in urban areas: short and long-term interaction. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 4, 159-175.
-
Gürbüz, F., Koyuncu, N. E. (2023). Çocuklar ve deprem. In International conference on scientific and academic research (Vol. 1, pp. 379-83).
-
Haddon Jr, W. (1980). Advances in the epidemiology of injuries as a basis for public policy. Public health reports, 95(5), 411.
-
Han, Y., Wei, J., Zhao, Y. (2021). Long-term effects of housing damage on survivors’ health in rural China: Evidence from a survey 10 Years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. Social Science & Medicine, 270, 113641.
-
Harrell, M., Selvaraj, S. A., Edgar, M. (2020). Danger! Crisis health workers at risk. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(15), 5270.
-
Iqbal, A., Sheikh, A. (2023). The devastating earthquake that struck Turkey and Syria: Post‐traumatic stress disorder and mental health issues among the victims. The International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 38(4), 1080-1083.
-
İnmez, İ. (2011). Afetlerin doğallığı üzerine: Sosyal bir olgu olarak afetler ve kırılganlık sorunu. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 66(04), 185-194.
-
Keyifli, N. (2021). Oecd Ülkelerinde Doğal Afetlerin Bütçe Açıkları Üzerine Etkisi: Dinamik Panel Veri Analizi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (43), 303-318.
-
Köroğlu, M., Karakaplan, M., Ergen, E., Ertem, K., Çoban, İ., Köse, H., ..., Aslantürk, O. (2023). The initial response of a local hospital in the earthquake zone during the February 6, 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquakes: Injuries and challenges. Acta orthopaedica et traumatologica turcica, 57(6), 315.
-
Krishnamurti, D. C. (2018). Hospital Preparedness And Response During Earthquakes. OSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSRJDMS), 17(1), 53-57.
-
Kumar, R., Kumar, A., Kumar Singh, K., Singh, A., Sinha, N. (2017). Post-Earthquake Psychiatric Morbidity. Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research, 5(8). https://doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i8.15
-
Kurt, A., Topan, A., Akkoç, B. (2024). Early childhood stress and behavioural problems in children following the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake in Turkey. Current Psychology, 43:32471–32481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06788-7
-
Leon, G. R. (2004). Overview of the psychosocial impact of disasters. Prehospital and disaster medicine, 19(1), 4-9.
-
Li, Y., Cimiotti, J. P. (2021). Nurse staffing and patient outcomes during a natural disaster. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 12(3), 30-37.
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