SÖMÜRGECİLİK BAĞLAMINDA AFRİKA'DA EĞİTİM

Year 2022, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 128 - 149, 30.07.2022

İsmail Aydoğan , Mutlu Sadık Fidan

Abstract

Sömürge yönetimleri eğitimle kurbanlık zincirlerini süs ve mümkün olan en iyi tanıma olarak görerek, kurbanlarını artık köle olduklarını fark etmedikleri ölçüde köle yapmayı başardı. Sömürge eğitimiyle Avrupalıların yüceltildiği ölçü ve düzende Afrikalılar da değersizleştirildi. Onu benimseyen erkekler ve kadınlar, efendilerinin bir gölgesi haline geldiler ve efendilerine körü körüne bağlanan Afrikalıların aldıkları eğitim, inanç vaaz eden beyaz efendilerinin erkekliğini ve otoritesini sorgulamalarını son derece zorlaştırdı. Sömürgeciler eğitimi, her zaman sosyal mühendisliğin birincil aracı olarak gördü. Eğitimi uygarlaştırma misyonu ile örterek yerlilere kendi değerlerini empoze ettiler. Bu makale, bu bağlamda Afrika’daki kolonyal eğitim tarihindeki bu süreci geçmişten günümüze ortaya koymayı amaçlamıştır. Afrika’daki sömürge öncesi dönem, sömürge dönemi ve sömürge sonrası dönem eğitim sistemindeki "modernleşme teorisi" olarak görülen emperyal etki ortaya konularak yerli halkların Avrupa yönetimleri ve misyonerlerce üretilen eğitimle yeniden yaratılmasının nedenlerini ve yerel seçkinlerin eğitiminin nasıl ve neden emperyal, ulusal ve uluslararası gündemlerde, farklı biçimlerde, farklı zamanlamalarla temel bir özellik haline geldiği, sözde “uygarlaştırma misyonu” retoriğiyle eğitimin bir “sosyal kontrol” projesinin parçası olduğu ve bunun için çok önemli olduğu ortaya konulmaktadır. Alanyazın taraması olarak yapılan bu çalışmada Afrika’daki sömürge öncesi dönem, sömürge dönemi ve sömürge sonrası dönem eğitim sistemine yönelik araştırmalar taranarak bir durum tespiti yapılmıştır. Sömürgeci eğitimin "yerlilerin" varsayılan "geri kalmışlığını" veya "tembelliğini" vurgulayan kavramlara gömülen refah ve modernleşme politikalarına ilişkin siyasi tartışmalarda merkezi bir rol oynadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

Afrika Eğitimi, Sömürge eğitimi, Sosyal Kontrol, Modernleşme Teorisi, Uygarlaştırma Misyonu, Afrika Eğitimi, Sömürge eğitimi, Sosyal Kontrol, Modernleşme Teorisi, Uygarlaştırma Misyonu

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