Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

AFRİKA’NIN TOPLUMSAL TARİHİNE “AŞAĞIDAN TARİH” YAZIMI BAĞLAMINDA BİR BAKIŞ: AFRİKA SOSYALİZMİ ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 1 - 13, 04.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.58851/africania.1385892

Abstract

Bu çalışma, "aşağıdan tarih" perspektifini kullanarak Afrika'nın karmaşık toplumsal tarihine derinlemesine bir bakış sunmaktadır. Bu yaklaşım, genellikle geleneksel elit merkezli anlatılarda göz ardı edilen, marjinalleştirilmiş grupların hikayelerini ve deneyimlerini ön plana çıkarmaktadır. Afrika sosyalizmi, sömürge öncesi toplumsal değerler ve Pan-Afrikan ideallere dayanan özgün bir sosyalizm türü olarak, bu perspektifin değerini göstermek için çekici bir vaka çalışması sunmaktadır. Çalışma, bir dizi birincil ve ikincil kaynağa dayanan karşılaştırmalı tarihsel analiz metodolojisini kullanmaktadır.Çalışmada kulllanılan "Afrika" terimiyle Sahra Altı Afrika ülkeleri ifade edilmektedir. Çalışma, Afrika tarih yazımında uzun süredir egemen olan Avrupa merkezli anlatıları sorgulamaktadır. Marjinalleştirilmiş grupların seslerini merkeze alarak, sömürgecilik ve sömürge sonrası perspektiflerle sıkça gölgelenen Sahra Altı Afrika toplumlarının karmaşıklığını ve çeşitliliğini ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Çalışma, güç ilişkileri, kültürel pratikler ve ekonomik yapılar arasındaki etkileşimi inceleyerek Afrika'nın tarihini şekillendiren toplumsal dinamikleri açığa çıkarmaktadır. Ayrıca, Afrika sosyalizminin çeşitliliğini ve yerel bağlamların etkisini vurgulamaktadır. Çalışma, kadınların ve marjinalleştirilmiş grupların Afrika sosyalizminin şekillenmesindeki rolünü açığa çıkarmaktadır. Çalışma, Afrika sosyalizmini basitçe Avrupa modellerinin bir taklidi olarak gören yorumları sorgular ve bu ideolojinin yerel gelenekler, kültürel değerler ve siyasi bağlamlar tarafından nasıl şekillendiğini göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, çalışma, "aşağıdan tarih" ve karşılaştırmalı tarihsel analiz kullanarak Afrika sosyalizminin ve Afrika'nın toplumsal tarihinin çok boyutlu ve zengin bir anlayışını sunmaktadır. Bu bulgular, Afrika'daki gelişim, sosyal adalet ve hükümetin rolü hakkındaki güncel tartışmalara değerli içgörüler sağlamaktadır.

References

  • Akyeampong, E. (2018). African socialism; or the search for an indigenous model. Economic History of Developing Regions, 33(1), pp. 69-87.
  • Alatas, S. F. (2006). Alternative Discourses in Asian Social Science Responses to Eurocentrism. Sage.
  • Allen, C. (1992) ‘Goodbye to all that’: The short and sad story of socialism in Benin, Journal of Communist Studies, 8(2), pp. 63-81.
  • Alofun, G. O. O. (2014). African socialism: A critique. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS, 19 (8).
  • Asante, M. K. (2000). Afrocentricity, race, and reason. Manning Marable (Ed.), In Dispatches from the ebony tower: Intellectuals confront the African American experience (pp. 195-203).
  • Bhambra, G. K. (2007). Rethinking Modernity Postcolonialism and the Sociological Imagination. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Boesl, H. (2023). The concept of Ujamaa and its impact on postcolonial Tanzania. Voices from Tanzania, 4, 1-10.
  • Camba, T. (2018). The History of Politics in Angola: from Nationalism to the Totalitarian Single-party System. Redalyc. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/5863/586364252007/html/ Accessed: 13.05.24.
  • Clapham, C. (1992). The socialist experience in Ethiopia and its demise. The Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 8(2), pp. 105-125, https://doi.org/10.1080/13523279208415149
  • Cronin, S. (2008). Introduction. (Ed. Stephanie Cronin) Subalterns and Social Protest History from Below in the Middle East and North Africa. Routledge.
  • Çetinkaya, Y. D. (2014). 1908 Osmanlı Boykotu Bir Toplumsal Hareketin Analizi. İletişim Yayınları.
  • de Oliveira, J. C. M. & Courrier, C. (2022). Ancient History from Below: An Introduction. (Ed. Cyril Courrier & Julio Cesar Magalhães de Oliveira) Ancient History from Below Subaltern Experiences and Actions in Context. Routledge.
  • Fick, C. E. (2004). The Making of Haiti the Saint Domingue Revolution from Below. The University of Tennessee Press.
  • Gow, B. A. (1997). Admiral Didier Ratsiraka and the Malagasy socialist revolution. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 35(3), pp. 409-439, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X97002486
  • Harman, C. (2013). Halkların Dünya Tarihi. 3rd Press. (U. Kocabaşoğlu, Trans) Yordam.
  • Kanoute, P. (1964). African Socialism. Transition, (13), 49-51, https://doi.org/10.2307/2934431
  • Keskin, İ., Abdalla, M. J., (2019), The Sociological Analysis of The Failure of Ujamaa Policy, ARHUSS, 2(3): pp. 297-313.
  • Magraw, R. (2002). France, 1800–1914 A Social History. Longman.
  • Mahoney, J. & Rueschemeyer, D. (2003). Comparative Historical Analysis: Achievements and Agendas. (Ed. James Mahoney & Dietrich Rueschemeyer) Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences. Cambridge University Press.
  • Mboya, T. (1963). African Socialism. Transition, (8), pp. 17-19, https://doi.org/10.2307/2934729
  • Meisenhelder, T. (1994). The Decline of Socialism in Zimbabwe. Social Justice, 21 (58), pp. 83-101.
  • Miike, Y. (2010). Culture as Text and Culture as Theory: Asiacentricity and Its Raison D’être in Intercultural Communication Research. (Eds Nakayama, T. K., & Halualani, R. T.) In The handbook of critical intercultural communication. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Mohan, J. (1966). Varieties of African Socialism. Socialist Register, 3, pp. 220-266.
  • Nyerere, J. K. (1987). Ujamaa: The Basis of African Socialism. The Journal of Pan African Studies, 1(1), pp. 4-11. O'Meara, D. (1991). The Collapse of Mozambican Socialism. Transformation, (14).
  • Ottaway, M. (1978). Soviet Marxism and African Socialism. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 16(3), pp. 477-485, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X00002536
  • Robinson, D. (2003). Socialism in Mozambique?: The ‘Mozambican Revolution' in Critical Perspective. Limina: A Journal of Historical and Cultural Studies, 9, 131-151.
  • Sharpe, J. (2001). History from Below. (Ed. Peter Burke) New Perspectives on Historical Writing. Polity Press.
  • Shire, M. A. (2019). Afrika’da Sosyalist Rejimlerin Doğuşu: Somali Örneği 1969-79. [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Ankara University.
  • Uslu, A. (2017). Siyasal Düşünceler Tarihine Giriş Tarih Yazımı, Temel Yaklaşımlar ve Araştırma Yöntemleri. Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.

AN OVERVIEW OF AFRICA'S SOCIAL HISTORY IN THE CONTEXT OF "HISTORY FROM BELOW": THE EXAMPLE OF AFRICAN SOCIALISM

Year 2024, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 1 - 13, 04.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.58851/africania.1385892

Abstract

This study offers an in-depth look at the complex social history of Africa using the perspective of "history from below". This approach foregrounds the stories and experiences of marginalized groups that are often overlooked in traditional elite-centered narratives. African socialism, as a distinctive form of socialism based on pre-colonial social values and Pan-African ideals, provides a compelling case study to illustrate the value of this perspective. The study uses the methodology of comparative historical analysis based on a range of primary and secondary sources, and the term "Africa" refers to the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. The work questions the Eurocentric narratives that have long dominated African historiography. By centering the voices of marginalized groups, it reveals the complexity and diversity of Sub-Saharan African societies that are often obscured by colonial and post-colonial perspectives. The study reveals the social dynamics that have shaped Africa's history by examining the interplay between power relations, cultural practices, and economic structures. It also highlights the diversity of African socialism and the influence of local contexts. It shows the role of women and marginalized groups in shaping African socialism. The study questions interpretations that view African socialism as simply an imitation of European models and shows how this ideology was shaped by local traditions, cultural values and political contexts. As a result, the study offers a multidimensional and rich understanding of African socialism and the social history of Africa using “history from below” and comparative historical analysis. These findings provide valuable insights into current debates about development, social justice, and the role of government in Africa.

References

  • Akyeampong, E. (2018). African socialism; or the search for an indigenous model. Economic History of Developing Regions, 33(1), pp. 69-87.
  • Alatas, S. F. (2006). Alternative Discourses in Asian Social Science Responses to Eurocentrism. Sage.
  • Allen, C. (1992) ‘Goodbye to all that’: The short and sad story of socialism in Benin, Journal of Communist Studies, 8(2), pp. 63-81.
  • Alofun, G. O. O. (2014). African socialism: A critique. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (IOSR-JHSS, 19 (8).
  • Asante, M. K. (2000). Afrocentricity, race, and reason. Manning Marable (Ed.), In Dispatches from the ebony tower: Intellectuals confront the African American experience (pp. 195-203).
  • Bhambra, G. K. (2007). Rethinking Modernity Postcolonialism and the Sociological Imagination. Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Boesl, H. (2023). The concept of Ujamaa and its impact on postcolonial Tanzania. Voices from Tanzania, 4, 1-10.
  • Camba, T. (2018). The History of Politics in Angola: from Nationalism to the Totalitarian Single-party System. Redalyc. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/5863/586364252007/html/ Accessed: 13.05.24.
  • Clapham, C. (1992). The socialist experience in Ethiopia and its demise. The Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 8(2), pp. 105-125, https://doi.org/10.1080/13523279208415149
  • Cronin, S. (2008). Introduction. (Ed. Stephanie Cronin) Subalterns and Social Protest History from Below in the Middle East and North Africa. Routledge.
  • Çetinkaya, Y. D. (2014). 1908 Osmanlı Boykotu Bir Toplumsal Hareketin Analizi. İletişim Yayınları.
  • de Oliveira, J. C. M. & Courrier, C. (2022). Ancient History from Below: An Introduction. (Ed. Cyril Courrier & Julio Cesar Magalhães de Oliveira) Ancient History from Below Subaltern Experiences and Actions in Context. Routledge.
  • Fick, C. E. (2004). The Making of Haiti the Saint Domingue Revolution from Below. The University of Tennessee Press.
  • Gow, B. A. (1997). Admiral Didier Ratsiraka and the Malagasy socialist revolution. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 35(3), pp. 409-439, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X97002486
  • Harman, C. (2013). Halkların Dünya Tarihi. 3rd Press. (U. Kocabaşoğlu, Trans) Yordam.
  • Kanoute, P. (1964). African Socialism. Transition, (13), 49-51, https://doi.org/10.2307/2934431
  • Keskin, İ., Abdalla, M. J., (2019), The Sociological Analysis of The Failure of Ujamaa Policy, ARHUSS, 2(3): pp. 297-313.
  • Magraw, R. (2002). France, 1800–1914 A Social History. Longman.
  • Mahoney, J. & Rueschemeyer, D. (2003). Comparative Historical Analysis: Achievements and Agendas. (Ed. James Mahoney & Dietrich Rueschemeyer) Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences. Cambridge University Press.
  • Mboya, T. (1963). African Socialism. Transition, (8), pp. 17-19, https://doi.org/10.2307/2934729
  • Meisenhelder, T. (1994). The Decline of Socialism in Zimbabwe. Social Justice, 21 (58), pp. 83-101.
  • Miike, Y. (2010). Culture as Text and Culture as Theory: Asiacentricity and Its Raison D’être in Intercultural Communication Research. (Eds Nakayama, T. K., & Halualani, R. T.) In The handbook of critical intercultural communication. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
  • Mohan, J. (1966). Varieties of African Socialism. Socialist Register, 3, pp. 220-266.
  • Nyerere, J. K. (1987). Ujamaa: The Basis of African Socialism. The Journal of Pan African Studies, 1(1), pp. 4-11. O'Meara, D. (1991). The Collapse of Mozambican Socialism. Transformation, (14).
  • Ottaway, M. (1978). Soviet Marxism and African Socialism. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 16(3), pp. 477-485, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022278X00002536
  • Robinson, D. (2003). Socialism in Mozambique?: The ‘Mozambican Revolution' in Critical Perspective. Limina: A Journal of Historical and Cultural Studies, 9, 131-151.
  • Sharpe, J. (2001). History from Below. (Ed. Peter Burke) New Perspectives on Historical Writing. Polity Press.
  • Shire, M. A. (2019). Afrika’da Sosyalist Rejimlerin Doğuşu: Somali Örneği 1969-79. [Unpublished Master Thesis]. Ankara University.
  • Uslu, A. (2017). Siyasal Düşünceler Tarihine Giriş Tarih Yazımı, Temel Yaklaşımlar ve Araştırma Yöntemleri. Tarih Vakfı Yurt Yayınları.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects African Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Özgür Yılmaz 0000-0003-3020-8550

Early Pub Date July 31, 2024
Publication Date August 4, 2024
Submission Date November 3, 2023
Acceptance Date May 27, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yılmaz, Ö. (2024). AFRİKA’NIN TOPLUMSAL TARİHİNE “AŞAĞIDAN TARİH” YAZIMI BAĞLAMINDA BİR BAKIŞ: AFRİKA SOSYALİZMİ ÖRNEĞİ. Africania, 4(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.58851/africania.1385892
AMA Yılmaz Ö. AFRİKA’NIN TOPLUMSAL TARİHİNE “AŞAĞIDAN TARİH” YAZIMI BAĞLAMINDA BİR BAKIŞ: AFRİKA SOSYALİZMİ ÖRNEĞİ. Africania. August 2024;4(2):1-13. doi:10.58851/africania.1385892
Chicago Yılmaz, Özgür. “AFRİKA’NIN TOPLUMSAL TARİHİNE ‘AŞAĞIDAN TARİH’ YAZIMI BAĞLAMINDA BİR BAKIŞ: AFRİKA SOSYALİZMİ ÖRNEĞİ”. Africania 4, no. 2 (August 2024): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.58851/africania.1385892.
EndNote Yılmaz Ö (August 1, 2024) AFRİKA’NIN TOPLUMSAL TARİHİNE “AŞAĞIDAN TARİH” YAZIMI BAĞLAMINDA BİR BAKIŞ: AFRİKA SOSYALİZMİ ÖRNEĞİ. Africania 4 2 1–13.
IEEE Ö. Yılmaz, “AFRİKA’NIN TOPLUMSAL TARİHİNE ‘AŞAĞIDAN TARİH’ YAZIMI BAĞLAMINDA BİR BAKIŞ: AFRİKA SOSYALİZMİ ÖRNEĞİ”, Africania, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1–13, 2024, doi: 10.58851/africania.1385892.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Özgür. “AFRİKA’NIN TOPLUMSAL TARİHİNE ‘AŞAĞIDAN TARİH’ YAZIMI BAĞLAMINDA BİR BAKIŞ: AFRİKA SOSYALİZMİ ÖRNEĞİ”. Africania 4/2 (August 2024), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.58851/africania.1385892.
JAMA Yılmaz Ö. AFRİKA’NIN TOPLUMSAL TARİHİNE “AŞAĞIDAN TARİH” YAZIMI BAĞLAMINDA BİR BAKIŞ: AFRİKA SOSYALİZMİ ÖRNEĞİ. Africania. 2024;4:1–13.
MLA Yılmaz, Özgür. “AFRİKA’NIN TOPLUMSAL TARİHİNE ‘AŞAĞIDAN TARİH’ YAZIMI BAĞLAMINDA BİR BAKIŞ: AFRİKA SOSYALİZMİ ÖRNEĞİ”. Africania, vol. 4, no. 2, 2024, pp. 1-13, doi:10.58851/africania.1385892.
Vancouver Yılmaz Ö. AFRİKA’NIN TOPLUMSAL TARİHİNE “AŞAĞIDAN TARİH” YAZIMI BAĞLAMINDA BİR BAKIŞ: AFRİKA SOSYALİZMİ ÖRNEĞİ. Africania. 2024;4(2):1-13.