Çam kozalak emici böceği (Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann)’nin karaçam ve sarıçam tohumlarının doluluk ve çimlenmesine etkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 29 - 34, 30.06.2021

Mehmet Kalkan , Gülşen Arık Gaye Çiçekçi Mustafa Yılmaz , Salih Parlak

Abstract

Karaçam (Pinus nigra Arnold) ve Sarıçam (Pinus sylvestris L.) Türkiye’de geniş yayılış gösteren çam türlerindendir. Her iki türde de bol miktarda dolu tohum bulunması özellikle doğal gençleştirme çalışmaları için temel gerekliliktir. Son yıllarda çam kozalak emici böceği (Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann)’nin ibreli ağaç türlerinin kozalaklarını delerek tohumlarına zarar verdiği kaydedilmektedir. İğne şeklindeki ağız yapısıyla kozalak dokusuna iğnesini batırmakta, tohum içerisine sindirim enzimi salgılayarak sıvı hale getirdiği embriyoları sindirim sistemine çekerek beslenmektedir. Bu çalışmada 9 farklı karaçam orijini (Ayvacık, Keles, Akpınar-İzmir, Kayalı-Kırklareli, Kırklareli, Bayındır, Akhisar, Çukurören-Gediz, Gölcük) ve 3 farklı sarıçam orijininden (Dodurga, Erzincan, Akdağmadeni) elde edilen tohumlar üzerinde söz konusu böceğin etkisi ve doluluk oranı incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında her orijinden rastgele seçilen 300 (3*100) tohum kırılarak dolu-boş-böcekli oranları tespit edilmiştir. Karaçam dolu tohum oranı 9 farklı orijinin ortalaması olarak %72.3, böcekli tohum oranı %24.6 ve boş tohum oranı %3.1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. 3 farklı orijinin ortalaması olarak sarıçam dolu tohum oranı %91.3, böcekli tohum oranı %6, boş tohum oranı ise %2.7 olarak belirlenmiştir. Her iki türde de böcek zararı bakımından orijinler arasında belirgin farklılık görülmektedir. Çimlenme testleri sonucuna göre karaçamda 9 farklı orijinin ortalama çimlenme yüzdesi %13.9, sarıçamda 3 farklı orijinin ortalama çimlenme yüzdesi %33.3 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Zararlının ülkemizde bulunan diğer ibreli türlerin tohumları üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmalıdır.

Keywords

Tohum, Pinus nigra, P. sylvestris, çam kozalak emici böceği, Leptoglossus occidentalis

The effect of western conifer seed bug (Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann) on soundness and germination on black pine and scotch pine seeds

Abstract

Black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) and Scotch Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) are among the pine species that show a wide distribution in Turkey. The abundance of sound seeds in both species is a basic requirement, especially for natural rejuvenation studies. In recent years, it has been recorded that the western conifer seed bug (Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann) damages the seeds of cones by piercing the cones of coniferous tree species. The insects insert their mouth stylets into the conifer tissue, it secretes digestive enzyme into the seed and sucks the embryos that it liquefies. In this study, the impact of the bug and sound seed rate were investigated on 9 different black pine origins (Ayvacık, Keles, Akpınar-İzmir, Kayalı-Kırklareli, Kırklareli, Bayındır, Akhisar, Çukurören-Gediz, Gölcük) and 3 different scotch pine origins (Dodurga, Erzincan, Akdağmadeni). Within the scope of the study, 300 (3*100) seeds randomly selected from each origin were cut and the ratios of sound-empty-damaged were determined. Black pine sound seed rate was 72.3% as the average of 9 different origins, damaged seed rate was 24.6% and empty seed rate was 3.1%. As the average of 3 different origins, the rate of scotch pine sound seeds was 91.3%, damaged seed rate 6%, and empty seed rate 2.7%. There is a significant difference between the origins in terms of insect damage in both species. According to the results of the germination tests, the average germination percentage of 9 different origins in black pine was 13.9%, and the average germination percentage of 3 different origins in scotch pine was 33.3%. The effect of the bug on the seeds of other coniferous species in our country should be investigated.

Keywords

Seed, Pinus nigra, P. sylvestris, western conifer seed bug, Leptoglossus occidentalis

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