Assessing patient satisfaction in gastrointestinal endoscopy: Development and validation of the Turkish GESQ for quality improvement

Öz

Background and Aims: Patient satisfaction has become an essential quality indicator in gastrointestinal endoscopy, complementing traditional performance measures such as adenoma detection and cecal intubation rates. The Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Satisfaction Questionnaire is a validated tool widely used to assess patient satisfaction across multiple domains. However, a culturally adapted Turkish version has been lacking. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the Turkish version of the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Satisfaction Questionnaire to evaluate patient satisfaction with gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures in Türkiye. Materials and Methods: This Methodological Study included 178 adult patients undergoing upper and/or lower endoscopy at a tertiary academic center between July 2025 and September 2025. The original Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Satisfaction Questionnaire was translated and back-translated following established cross-cultural adaptation guidelines. Exploratory factor analysis using principal component extraction with Varimax rotation was performed to evaluate construct validity. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. Spearman’s correlation analysis was applied to examine inter-domain relationships. Results: The final 20-item Turkish version of the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Satisfaction Questionnaire demonstrated a four-factor structure , Information before endoscopy, Pain or discomfort during/after endoscopy, Information after endoscopy, and Skills and hospital, accounting for 53.3% of total variance. Cronbach’s α ranged from 0.639 to 0.812 across subscales, with an overall α = 0.820, indicating acceptable reliability. Weak to moderate positive correlations among the subscales supported the construct validity of the scale. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Satisfaction Questionnaire is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing patient satisfaction with gastrointestinal endoscopy. Its implementation can facilitate benchmarking, quality improvement, and integration of patient-reported outcomes into endoscopy quality assurance

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gastrointestinal endoscopy
• patient satisfaction
• questionnaire validation
• Turkish population
• endoscopy quality improvement

Türk popülasyonunda hasta memnuniyetini ölçmek için gastrointestinal endoskopi memnuniyet anketinin değerlendirilmesi: Turkish GESQ'nun geliştirilmesi ve validasyonu

Öz

Giriş ve Amaç: Hasta memnuniyeti, gastrointestinal endoskopide adenoma tespit oranları ve çekum entübasyon oranları gibi geleneksel performans ölçütlerini tamamlayan önemli bir kalite göstergesi haline gelmiştir. Gastrointestinal Endoskopi Memnuniyet Anketi, hasta memnuniyetini birden fazla alanda değerlendirmek için yaygın olarak kullanılan ve geçerliliği kanıtlanmış bir araçtır. Ancak kültürel açıdan uyarlanmış bir Türkçe sürümü bulunmamaktaydı. Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de gastrointestinal endoskopik işlemlerde hasta memnuniyetini değerlendirmek amacıyla Gastrointestinal Endoskopi Memnuniyet Anketi'nin Türkçe versiyonunun çevrilmesi, kültürel adaptasyonu ve validasyonunu hedeflemiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu metodolojik çalışmaya Temmuz-Eylül 2025 tarihleri arasında üçüncü basamak akademik bir merkezde üst ve/veya alt endoskopi uygulanan 178 yetişkin hasta dahil edilmiştir. Özgün Gastrointestinal Endoskopi Memnuniyet Anketi, yerleşik kültürlerarası adaptasyon kılavuzları doğrultusunda çevrilmiş ve geri çevrilmiştir. Yapı geçerliliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla Varimax rotasyonuyla temel bileşen analizi kullanılarak açıklayıcı faktör analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. İç tutarlılık Cronbach alfa katsayıları ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Son haliyle 20 maddelik Gastrointestinal Endoskopi Memnuniyet Anketi 'nin Türkçe versiyonu dört faktörlü bir yapı ortaya koymuştur: Endoskopi öncesi bilgi, Endoskopi sırasında/sonrasında ağrı veya rahatsızlık, Endoskopi sonrası bilgi ve Beceri ve hastane. Bu dört faktör toplam varyansın %53,3'ünü açıklamaktadır. Cronbach alfa değerleri alt ölçekler genelinde 0,639 ile 0,812 arasında değişmekte olup genel alfa = 0,820 ile kabul edilebilir güvenilirlik sağlanmıştır. Sonuç: Gastrointestinal Endoskopi Memnuniyet Anketi'nin Türkçe versiyonu, Türkiye'de gastrointestinal endoskopi ile ilgili hasta memnuniyetini değerlendirmek için geçerli ve güvenilir bir araçtır. Uygulanması, Avrupa Gastrointestinal Endoskopi Derneği önerileri doğrultusunda endoskopi kalite güvencesi çerçevelerine kıyaslama, kalite iyileştirme ve hasta bildirimine dayalı sonuçların entegrasyonuna katkı sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gastrointestinal endoskopi
• hasta memnuniyeti
• anket validasyonu
• psikometrik analiz
• Türk popülasyonu
• endoskopi kalite iyileştirme

Kaynakça

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