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Hiperhomosisteinemi ve karaciğer yağlanması: Eski ikilemin “yumurta mı tavuk mu?” karaciğere uygulanması

Year 2011, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 131 - 134, 01.12.2011

Abstract

İletişim:Engin ALTINTAŞ Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Zeytinlibahçe Cad. Eskiotogar Yanı İç Hastalıkları A.D. 33079 Mersin, Türkiye • Tel: + 90 324 337 43 00 Fax: + 90 324 336 71 17 • E-mail: enginaltintas@mersin.edu.tr

References

  • Finkelstein JD. Methionine metabolism in mammals. J Nutr Biochem 1990;1:228-36.
  • Refsum H, Ueland PM, Nygard O, Vollset SE. Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease. Annu Rev Med 1998;49:31-62.
  • Mayer EL, Jacobsen DW, Robinson K. Homocysteine and coronary atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27:517-27.
  • Selhub J, Jacques PF, Wilson PW, et al. Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly populations. J Am Med Assoc 1993;270:2693-8.
  • Mato JM, Alvarez L, Ortiz P, Pajares MA. S-Adenosylmethionine synthesis: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Pharmacol Ther 1997;73:265-80.
  • Cravo ML, Gloria LM, Selhub J, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic alcoholism: correlation with folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 status. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;63:220-4.
  • Hultberg B, Berglund M, Andersson A, Frank A. Elevated plasma homocysteine in alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1993;17:687-9.
  • Lambert D, Benhayoun S, Adjalla C, et al. Alcoholic cirrhosis and cobalamin metabolism. Digestion 1997;58:64-71.
  • Halsted CH, Villanueva J, Chandler CJ, et al. Ethanol feeding of micropigs alters methionine metabolism and increases hepatocellular apoptosis and proliferation. Hepatology 1996;23:497-505.
  • Varela-Moreiras G, Alonso-Aperte E, Rubio M, et al. Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury is associated with global DNA hypomethylation and homocysteinemia: effect of S-adenosylmethionine treatment. Hepatology 1995;22:1310-5.
  • Lentz SR. Homocysteine and vascular dysfunction. Life Sci 1997;61:1205-15.
  • McCully KS. Homocysteine and vascular disease. Nature Med 1996;2:386-9.
  • Tyagi SC. Homocyst(e)ine and heart disease: pathophysiology of extracellular matrix. Clin Exp Hypertens 1999;21:181-98.
  • Tsai JC, Perrella MA, Yoshizumi M, et al. Promotion of vascular smooth muscle cell growth by homocysteine: a link to atherosclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:6369-73.
  • Majors A, Ehrhart LA, Pezacka EH. Homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. Enhanced collagen production and accumulation by smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17:2074-81.
  • Karmin O, Lynn EG, Chung YH, et al. Homocysteine stimulates the production and secretion of cholesterol in hepatic cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998;1393:317-24.
  • Yi P, Melnyk S, Pogribna M, et al. Increase in plasma homocysteine associated with parallel increases in plasma S-adenosylhomocysteine and lymphocyte DNA hypomethylation. J Biol Chem 2000;275:29318-23.
  • Garcia-Tevijano ER, Berasain C, Rodríguez JA, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia in liver cirrhosis mechanisms and role in vascular and hepatic fibrosis. Hypertension 2001;38:1217-21.
  • Adinolfi LE, Ingrosso D, Cesaro G, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia and the MTHFR C677T polymorphism promote steatosis and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. Hepatology 2005;41:995-1003.
  • Sazci A, Ergul E, Kaya G, Kara I. Genotype and allele frequencies of the polymorphic methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene in Turkey. Cell Biochem Funct 2005;23:51-4.
  • Watanabe M, Osada J, Aratani Y, et al. Mice deficient in cystathionine beta-synthase: animal models for mild and severe homocysteinemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:1585-9.
  • Gülflen M, Yeflilova Z, Ba¤c› S, et al. Elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations as a predictor of steatohepatitis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;20: 1448-55.
  • Werstuck GH, Lentz SR, Dayal S, et al. Homocysteine-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress causes dysregulation of the cholesterol and triglyceride biosynthetic pathways. J Clin Invest 2001;107: 1263-73.
  • Golbahar J, Aminzadeh MA, Kassab SE, Omrani GR. Hyperhomocysteinemia induces insulin resistance in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007;76:1-5.
  • Altinova AE, Toruner F, Bukan N, et al. Decreased plasma adiponectin is associated with insulin resistance and HDL cholesterol in overweight subjects. Endocr J 2007;54:221-6.
  • Meigs JB, Jacques PF, Selhub J, et al. Fasting plasma homocysteine levels in the insulin resistance syndrome: the Framingham Offspring Study. Diabetes Care 2001;24:1403-10.
  • Ascencio C, Torres N, Isoard-Acosta F, et al. Soy protein affects serum insulin and hepatic SREBP-1 mRNA and reduces fatty liver in rats. J Nutr 2004;134:522-9.
  • Song Z, Zhou Z, Uriarte S, et al. S-adenosylhomocysteine sensitizes to TNF-alpha hepatotoxicity in mice and liver cells: a possible etiological factor in alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 2004;40:989-97.
  • Wang G, Siow YL, O K. Homocysteine stimulates nuclear factor kappaB activity and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in vascular smooth-muscle cells: a possible role for protein kinase C. Biochem J 2000;352:817-26.
  • Torres L, García-Trevijano ER, Rodríguez JA, et al. Induction of TIMP-1 expression in rat hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes: a new role for homocysteine in liver fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999;1455:12-22.
  • Duong FH, Filipowicz M, Tripodi M, et al. Hepatitis C virus inhibits interferon signaling through up-regulation of protein phosphatase 2A. Gastroenterology 2004;126:263-77.
  • Kharbanda KK. Role of transmethylation reactions in alcoholic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2007;13:4947-54.

Hyperhomocysteinemia and liver steatosis: Modification of “the chicken or the egg?” dilemma to the liver

Year 2011, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 131 - 134, 01.12.2011

Abstract

Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing amino acid that is formed as an intermediary in methionine metabolism (1). Extensive evidence shows that elevated plasma Hcy concentration, a reflection of impaired cellular metabolism, can be considered as an independent risk factor for atherothrombotic vascular disease (2). This condition has been observed in 20% to 30% of patients with premature arteriosclerosis and in 21% of the general population above a certain age (3,4). Three enzymes utilize Hcy as a substrate: methionine synthase (MS) and betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT), which convert Hcy back to methionine, and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), the first enzyme in the transsulfuration pathway (1) (Figure 1)

References

  • Finkelstein JD. Methionine metabolism in mammals. J Nutr Biochem 1990;1:228-36.
  • Refsum H, Ueland PM, Nygard O, Vollset SE. Homocysteine and cardiovascular disease. Annu Rev Med 1998;49:31-62.
  • Mayer EL, Jacobsen DW, Robinson K. Homocysteine and coronary atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;27:517-27.
  • Selhub J, Jacques PF, Wilson PW, et al. Vitamin status and intake as primary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly populations. J Am Med Assoc 1993;270:2693-8.
  • Mato JM, Alvarez L, Ortiz P, Pajares MA. S-Adenosylmethionine synthesis: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Pharmacol Ther 1997;73:265-80.
  • Cravo ML, Gloria LM, Selhub J, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic alcoholism: correlation with folate, vitamin B-12, and vitamin B-6 status. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;63:220-4.
  • Hultberg B, Berglund M, Andersson A, Frank A. Elevated plasma homocysteine in alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1993;17:687-9.
  • Lambert D, Benhayoun S, Adjalla C, et al. Alcoholic cirrhosis and cobalamin metabolism. Digestion 1997;58:64-71.
  • Halsted CH, Villanueva J, Chandler CJ, et al. Ethanol feeding of micropigs alters methionine metabolism and increases hepatocellular apoptosis and proliferation. Hepatology 1996;23:497-505.
  • Varela-Moreiras G, Alonso-Aperte E, Rubio M, et al. Carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury is associated with global DNA hypomethylation and homocysteinemia: effect of S-adenosylmethionine treatment. Hepatology 1995;22:1310-5.
  • Lentz SR. Homocysteine and vascular dysfunction. Life Sci 1997;61:1205-15.
  • McCully KS. Homocysteine and vascular disease. Nature Med 1996;2:386-9.
  • Tyagi SC. Homocyst(e)ine and heart disease: pathophysiology of extracellular matrix. Clin Exp Hypertens 1999;21:181-98.
  • Tsai JC, Perrella MA, Yoshizumi M, et al. Promotion of vascular smooth muscle cell growth by homocysteine: a link to atherosclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:6369-73.
  • Majors A, Ehrhart LA, Pezacka EH. Homocysteine as a risk factor for vascular disease. Enhanced collagen production and accumulation by smooth muscle cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17:2074-81.
  • Karmin O, Lynn EG, Chung YH, et al. Homocysteine stimulates the production and secretion of cholesterol in hepatic cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998;1393:317-24.
  • Yi P, Melnyk S, Pogribna M, et al. Increase in plasma homocysteine associated with parallel increases in plasma S-adenosylhomocysteine and lymphocyte DNA hypomethylation. J Biol Chem 2000;275:29318-23.
  • Garcia-Tevijano ER, Berasain C, Rodríguez JA, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia in liver cirrhosis mechanisms and role in vascular and hepatic fibrosis. Hypertension 2001;38:1217-21.
  • Adinolfi LE, Ingrosso D, Cesaro G, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia and the MTHFR C677T polymorphism promote steatosis and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. Hepatology 2005;41:995-1003.
  • Sazci A, Ergul E, Kaya G, Kara I. Genotype and allele frequencies of the polymorphic methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene in Turkey. Cell Biochem Funct 2005;23:51-4.
  • Watanabe M, Osada J, Aratani Y, et al. Mice deficient in cystathionine beta-synthase: animal models for mild and severe homocysteinemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:1585-9.
  • Gülflen M, Yeflilova Z, Ba¤c› S, et al. Elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations as a predictor of steatohepatitis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;20: 1448-55.
  • Werstuck GH, Lentz SR, Dayal S, et al. Homocysteine-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress causes dysregulation of the cholesterol and triglyceride biosynthetic pathways. J Clin Invest 2001;107: 1263-73.
  • Golbahar J, Aminzadeh MA, Kassab SE, Omrani GR. Hyperhomocysteinemia induces insulin resistance in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007;76:1-5.
  • Altinova AE, Toruner F, Bukan N, et al. Decreased plasma adiponectin is associated with insulin resistance and HDL cholesterol in overweight subjects. Endocr J 2007;54:221-6.
  • Meigs JB, Jacques PF, Selhub J, et al. Fasting plasma homocysteine levels in the insulin resistance syndrome: the Framingham Offspring Study. Diabetes Care 2001;24:1403-10.
  • Ascencio C, Torres N, Isoard-Acosta F, et al. Soy protein affects serum insulin and hepatic SREBP-1 mRNA and reduces fatty liver in rats. J Nutr 2004;134:522-9.
  • Song Z, Zhou Z, Uriarte S, et al. S-adenosylhomocysteine sensitizes to TNF-alpha hepatotoxicity in mice and liver cells: a possible etiological factor in alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 2004;40:989-97.
  • Wang G, Siow YL, O K. Homocysteine stimulates nuclear factor kappaB activity and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in vascular smooth-muscle cells: a possible role for protein kinase C. Biochem J 2000;352:817-26.
  • Torres L, García-Trevijano ER, Rodríguez JA, et al. Induction of TIMP-1 expression in rat hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes: a new role for homocysteine in liver fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999;1455:12-22.
  • Duong FH, Filipowicz M, Tripodi M, et al. Hepatitis C virus inhibits interferon signaling through up-regulation of protein phosphatase 2A. Gastroenterology 2004;126:263-77.
  • Kharbanda KK. Role of transmethylation reactions in alcoholic liver disease. World J Gastroenterol 2007;13:4947-54.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Engin Altıntaş This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 10 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Altıntaş, E. (2011). Hyperhomocysteinemia and liver steatosis: Modification of “the chicken or the egg?” dilemma to the liver. Akademik Gastroenteroloji Dergisi, 10(3), 131-134.

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