Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

ANTİK MISIR TOPLUMUNDA HAREM

Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 5, 25 - 36, 31.12.2021

Abstract

Mısır bilim araştırmalarında harem terimi, kraliyet kadınlarıyla bağlantılı ve muhtemelen Yeni Krallık
dönemine ait Firavun saraylarına ve dairelerine bağlı idari bir kurumu tanımlamak için kullanılan bir terimdir. Geçmişten bugüne elimize ulaşan metinler, bir taraftan vergilerle desteklenen ve düzenli erzak tedariki yapılan ekonomik bir kurumu tarif ederken, diğer taraftan arkeolojik kazılarla ele geçen kalıntılar, kraliyet kadınlarıyla ilişkili bağımsız bir kurumun varlığını kanıtlamaktadır. Fiziksel anlamda, kraliyet haremi, kral tarafından özenle seçilmiş ve kralın sarayının ayrı bölümlerinde ve ülke genelindeki diğer kraliyet konutlarında barındırılan kadınlardan oluşan bir birlikti. Harem sakinleri arasına, tüm dönemler için, kraliyet eşlerini, yabancı kraliçeleri, kraliçe anneleri, kralın kızlarını ve kız kardeşlerini ve ayrıca genellikle cariyeler olarak çevrilen çeşitli unvanlara sahip kadınları, kraliyet çocuklarını ve yöneticilerin çocuklarını dâhil edebiliriz. Tüm Mısır kralları çok eşli olmalarına rağmen, tek bir resmi kraliçe seçmişlerdir ve onun adı ve imajı resmi kayıtlarda kralın isim ve unvanlarıyla bağlantılıdır. Resmi eş, Kraliyet çekirdek ailesinin annesidir ve tahtı haklı olarak devralacak olan onun çocuklarıdır. İkincil eşler ve cariyeler saray hayatında çok daha etkisiz bir rol oynamışlardır. Onların varlığı hükümdarın itibarına katkı sağlamış olsa da, sadece asıl eşin krala uygun bir varis sağlayamadığı ulusal kriz dönemlerinde önem kazanmışlardır.

References

  • Çelik, Hüsrem (2021), Eski Mezopotamya ve Anadolu Toplumlarında Harem ve Hadımlık Müessesesi, Pamukkale Ünv., Sos. Bil. Enst. Doktora Tezi, Denizli.
  • Dodson, Aidan (2007), “The Monarchy”, The Egyptian World, , Ed. T. Wilkinson, Routledge, London.
  • Erman, Adolf (1971), Life in Ancient Egypt, Published in Canada by General Publishing Company, Ltd., 30 Lesmill Road, Don Mills, Toronto, Ontario.
  • Farrugia, M.; Mifsud, A. (2007), “The Great Royal Wives from Akhmim”, in Ancient Egypt The History, People and Culture of the Nile Valley, 7/6: 18-22.
  • Fekri, Magdi; Shoeib, Amal Nadi; Massaud, Manal (2021), “The Diplomatic Role of the Royal Women in Ancient Egypt”, Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels-University of Sadat City, Vol. 5, Issue. (1/1), ss. 118-137.
  • Garcia, Juan Carlos Moreno (2020), The State in Ancient Egypt: Power, Challenges and Dynamics, Bloomsbury Publishing, Great Britian.
  • Graves-Brown, Carolyn (2010), Dancing for Hathor: Women in Ancient Egypt, London and New York: Continuum.
  • Haktanır, Handan (2010), Bir Avuç Mısır, Rüstem Kitabevi ve Yay., Lefkoşa.
  • Haslauer, Elfriede (2001), “Harem”, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Vol. 2, ed. Donald Redford, Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, ss. 76-80.
  • Hawass, Zahi (2000), Silent Images; Women in Pharaonic Egypt, Harry N. Abrams. Inc. Pub.
  • Hinds, Kathryn (2007), The Pharaoh’s Court (Life in Ancient Egypt), Cavendish Square Publishing
  • Kanawati, Naguib (2003), Conspiracies in the Egyptian Palace; Unis to Pepy I, London: Routledge.
  • Kitchen, Kenneth A. (1979), Ramesside inscriptions: Historical and biographical II., Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Kuhrt, Amelie (2007), Eski Çağda Yakındoğu (M.Ö. 3000-330), C.1, İş Bankası Yay., İstanbul.
  • Lacovara, Peter (1997), The New Kingdom royal city, London and New York: Kegan Paul International.
  • Lacovara, Peter, (2009), “The development of the New Kingdom royal palace”, In Egyptian royal residences: 4th symposium on Egyptian royal ideology, London, June, 1st - 5th 2004, Königtum, Staat und Gesellschaft früher Hochkulturen 4,1: Beiträge zur altägyptischen Königsideologie, ed. Rolf Gundlach, and John Taylor, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, ss. 81 - 110.
  • Meltzer, Edmund S. (2001), “Children of the Kap – Upwardly Mobile, Talented Youth in Ancient Egypt”, Seshat 5, ss. 20-26.
  • Redford, Susan (2002), The Harem Conspiracy: The murder of Ramesses III., Northern Illinois University Press., Illinois.
  • Robins, Gay (1996), Women In Ancient Egypt, British Museum Press., London.
  • Roth, Silke (2002), “Gebieterin aller Länder: Die Rolle der königlichen Frauen in der fiktiven und realen Außenpolitik des ägyptischen Neuen Reiches”, Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 185, Freiburg: Academic Press; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
  • Roth, Silke (2009), “Queen”, In Elizabeth Frood, Willeke Wendrich (eds.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles, ss. 1-12.
  • Roth, Silke (2012), “Harem”, in E. Frood et W Wendrich (eds.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles, ss.1-16.
  • Ruiz, Ana (2001/1), Daily life in ancient Egypt, Souvenir Press, London.
  • Ruiz, Ana (2001/2), The Spirit of Ancient Egypt, Algora Publishing, New York.
  • Schulman, A. R. (1979), “Diplomatic Marriage in the Egyptian New Kingdom”, JNES 38, Chicago, ss. 177-193.
  • Shaw, Ian & Nicholson, Paul (1995), The British Museum dictionary of ancient Egypt, British Museum Press, London.
  • Shaw, Ian (2011), “Seeking the Ramesside royal harem: new fieldwork at Medinet el-Gurob”, Ramesside Studies in Honour of Ken Kitchen, ed. M. Collier and S. Snape, Bolton: Rutherford Press, ss. 453-63.
  • Tyldesley, Joyce (1995), Daughters of Isıs: Women of Ancient Egypt, Penguin Books, England.
  • Tyldesley, Joyce (2000), Judgement of the Pharaoh: Crime and Punishment in Ancient Egypt, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, Great Britain.
  • Tyldesley, Joyce (2016), “The Role of Egypt’s Dynastic Queens”, Women in Antiquity: Real Women Across The Ancient World, Ed. Stephanie Lynn Budin and Maclntosh Turfa, Routledge, ss.271-280.
  • Ulutürk, Muammer (2011), “Osmanlı’da Harem Meselesi”, Tefekkür Dergisi, S. 44, Konya.
  • Yoyotte, Marine (2015), “Le harem, les femmes de l’entourage royal et leurs lieux de résidence aux époques tardives: espace social ou espace clos?” Topoi Orient-Occident, Lyon: Association des amis de la Bibliothéque Salomon Reinach, Topoi, 20 (1), ss. 25-45.
  • Watterson, Barbara (1991), Women in Ancient Egypt, St. Matin’s Press, New York.
  • Wilkinson, Toby (2019), Eski Mısır, Çev. Ümit Hüsrev Yolsal, Say Yay., İstanbul.
Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 5, 25 - 36, 31.12.2021

Abstract

References

  • Çelik, Hüsrem (2021), Eski Mezopotamya ve Anadolu Toplumlarında Harem ve Hadımlık Müessesesi, Pamukkale Ünv., Sos. Bil. Enst. Doktora Tezi, Denizli.
  • Dodson, Aidan (2007), “The Monarchy”, The Egyptian World, , Ed. T. Wilkinson, Routledge, London.
  • Erman, Adolf (1971), Life in Ancient Egypt, Published in Canada by General Publishing Company, Ltd., 30 Lesmill Road, Don Mills, Toronto, Ontario.
  • Farrugia, M.; Mifsud, A. (2007), “The Great Royal Wives from Akhmim”, in Ancient Egypt The History, People and Culture of the Nile Valley, 7/6: 18-22.
  • Fekri, Magdi; Shoeib, Amal Nadi; Massaud, Manal (2021), “The Diplomatic Role of the Royal Women in Ancient Egypt”, Journal of the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels-University of Sadat City, Vol. 5, Issue. (1/1), ss. 118-137.
  • Garcia, Juan Carlos Moreno (2020), The State in Ancient Egypt: Power, Challenges and Dynamics, Bloomsbury Publishing, Great Britian.
  • Graves-Brown, Carolyn (2010), Dancing for Hathor: Women in Ancient Egypt, London and New York: Continuum.
  • Haktanır, Handan (2010), Bir Avuç Mısır, Rüstem Kitabevi ve Yay., Lefkoşa.
  • Haslauer, Elfriede (2001), “Harem”, The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Vol. 2, ed. Donald Redford, Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York, ss. 76-80.
  • Hawass, Zahi (2000), Silent Images; Women in Pharaonic Egypt, Harry N. Abrams. Inc. Pub.
  • Hinds, Kathryn (2007), The Pharaoh’s Court (Life in Ancient Egypt), Cavendish Square Publishing
  • Kanawati, Naguib (2003), Conspiracies in the Egyptian Palace; Unis to Pepy I, London: Routledge.
  • Kitchen, Kenneth A. (1979), Ramesside inscriptions: Historical and biographical II., Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Kuhrt, Amelie (2007), Eski Çağda Yakındoğu (M.Ö. 3000-330), C.1, İş Bankası Yay., İstanbul.
  • Lacovara, Peter (1997), The New Kingdom royal city, London and New York: Kegan Paul International.
  • Lacovara, Peter, (2009), “The development of the New Kingdom royal palace”, In Egyptian royal residences: 4th symposium on Egyptian royal ideology, London, June, 1st - 5th 2004, Königtum, Staat und Gesellschaft früher Hochkulturen 4,1: Beiträge zur altägyptischen Königsideologie, ed. Rolf Gundlach, and John Taylor, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, ss. 81 - 110.
  • Meltzer, Edmund S. (2001), “Children of the Kap – Upwardly Mobile, Talented Youth in Ancient Egypt”, Seshat 5, ss. 20-26.
  • Redford, Susan (2002), The Harem Conspiracy: The murder of Ramesses III., Northern Illinois University Press., Illinois.
  • Robins, Gay (1996), Women In Ancient Egypt, British Museum Press., London.
  • Roth, Silke (2002), “Gebieterin aller Länder: Die Rolle der königlichen Frauen in der fiktiven und realen Außenpolitik des ägyptischen Neuen Reiches”, Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 185, Freiburg: Academic Press; Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht.
  • Roth, Silke (2009), “Queen”, In Elizabeth Frood, Willeke Wendrich (eds.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles, ss. 1-12.
  • Roth, Silke (2012), “Harem”, in E. Frood et W Wendrich (eds.), UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles, ss.1-16.
  • Ruiz, Ana (2001/1), Daily life in ancient Egypt, Souvenir Press, London.
  • Ruiz, Ana (2001/2), The Spirit of Ancient Egypt, Algora Publishing, New York.
  • Schulman, A. R. (1979), “Diplomatic Marriage in the Egyptian New Kingdom”, JNES 38, Chicago, ss. 177-193.
  • Shaw, Ian & Nicholson, Paul (1995), The British Museum dictionary of ancient Egypt, British Museum Press, London.
  • Shaw, Ian (2011), “Seeking the Ramesside royal harem: new fieldwork at Medinet el-Gurob”, Ramesside Studies in Honour of Ken Kitchen, ed. M. Collier and S. Snape, Bolton: Rutherford Press, ss. 453-63.
  • Tyldesley, Joyce (1995), Daughters of Isıs: Women of Ancient Egypt, Penguin Books, England.
  • Tyldesley, Joyce (2000), Judgement of the Pharaoh: Crime and Punishment in Ancient Egypt, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, Great Britain.
  • Tyldesley, Joyce (2016), “The Role of Egypt’s Dynastic Queens”, Women in Antiquity: Real Women Across The Ancient World, Ed. Stephanie Lynn Budin and Maclntosh Turfa, Routledge, ss.271-280.
  • Ulutürk, Muammer (2011), “Osmanlı’da Harem Meselesi”, Tefekkür Dergisi, S. 44, Konya.
  • Yoyotte, Marine (2015), “Le harem, les femmes de l’entourage royal et leurs lieux de résidence aux époques tardives: espace social ou espace clos?” Topoi Orient-Occident, Lyon: Association des amis de la Bibliothéque Salomon Reinach, Topoi, 20 (1), ss. 25-45.
  • Watterson, Barbara (1991), Women in Ancient Egypt, St. Matin’s Press, New York.
  • Wilkinson, Toby (2019), Eski Mısır, Çev. Ümit Hüsrev Yolsal, Say Yay., İstanbul.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gülsüm Demir 0000-0001-5837-5460

Publication Date December 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 2 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Demir, G. (2021). ANTİK MISIR TOPLUMUNDA HAREM. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(5), 25-36.

Creative Commons Lisansı
Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi (HEFAD) Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.