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Seyahat ve Turizmde Yeni Bir Pazarlama Yaklaşımı: Etkileyici Pazarlama

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 216 - 240, 30.12.2021

Abstract

Dinamik bir alan olan pazarlama, her geçen yıl farklı pazarlama yaklaşımları ile tüketicilere ulaşmayı hedeflemektedir. Hizmet sektörü olan turizm de dinamik doğası gereği değişen pazar koşullarına uyum sağlamaya çalışmakta ve kendine özgü pazarlama yaklaşımlarını oluşturmaktadır. Hizmetin doğasının soyut olması, üretim ve hizmet sunumunu bir üründen daha karmaşık hale getirmektedir. Hizmetlerin soyutluk/dokunulmazlık özelliğine bağlı olarak tüketicilerin satın alma öncesinde bilgi ihtiyacı daha fazla ortaya çıkmaktadır. Özellikle son yıllarda sosyal medya fenomenleri ile yapılan pazarlama taktiklerinin tüketicilerin satın alma niyetlerini etkilediği gözlenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda etkileyici pazarlamaya ilişkin çalışmalar önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı etkileyici pazarlamaya ilişkin dokümanları incelemektir. Konuya ilişkin dokümanlar Carrot² yazılım programı sayesinde değerlendirilmiştir. Bu program sayesinde veriler, kümeleme analizi ile üç farklı şekilde incelenmiştir. Kümeleme analizi bulguları; liste, ağaç grafiği ve pasta dilimi olmak üzere üç farklı biçimde ortaya çıkarmıştır. Her bir görsel farklı açılardan bilgi sunmaktadır. Carrot² programı sayesinde etkileyici pazarlamaya ilişkin toplam 119 adet dokümana ulaşılmıştır. Etkileyici pazarlamanın en büyük kümesi “Sosyal Medya (27)”dır. Bu kümeyi sırası ile ‘’Ticari Pazarlama (14)”, Etkileyici Pazarlama Stratejisi (14)’’, ‘’Etkileyici Pazarlama Platformu (13)’’ ve “Dijital Pazarlama (11)’’ takip etmektedir. Çalışmada, etkileyici pazarlama stratejisini uygulayacak olan turistik işletmeler için öneriler sunulmuştur.

References

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  • Brouwer, B. (2016). How influencer marketplace octoly has generated $8.6 million in earned media value. [URL: https://www.forbes.com/sites/breebrouwer/2016/10/16/influencer-marketing-octoly-thomas-owadenko/?sh=4d9d8a716e52 ] (Erişim 10 Mayıs 2021).
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  • Carrot2 (2021c). [URL: https://search.carrot2.org/#/search/web/Influencer%20Marketing/pie-chart ] (Erişim 10 Mayıs 2021).
  • Carter, D. (2016). Hustle and brand: the sociotechnical shaping of influencer. Social Media+ Society, 2(3): 1-12.
  • Cholprasertsuk, A. Lawanwisut, C., & Thongrin, S. (2020). Social media influencers and Thai tourism industry: tourists’ behavior, travel motivation, and influencing factors, Journal of Liberal Arts, Thammasat University, 20(2): 234-263.
  • Coronavirus (COVID-19) Marketing & ad spend impact: report + stats (updated january, 2021). (2021). [URL: https://influencermarketinghub.com/coronavirus-marketing-ad-spend-report/ ] (Erişim 28 Nisan 2021).
  • De Veirman, M., Cauberghe, V. & Hudders, L. (2017). Marketing through ınstagram ınfluencers: the ımpact of number of followers and product divergence on brand attitude. International Journal of Advertising, 36(5): 798-828.
  • eMarketer (2015). Marketers pair up with influencers—and it works: Content creation, promotion the leading tactics for influencer engagement. [URL: https://www.emarketer.com/Article/Marketers-Pair-Up-with-Influencersand-Works/1012709] (Erişim 28 Nisan 2021).
  • Glucksman, M. (2017). The rise of social media influencer marketing on lifestyle branding: A case study of Lucie Fink. Elon Journal of undergraduate research in communications, 8(2), 77-87.
  • Gretzel, U. (2018). Influencer marketing in travel and tourism. In M. Sigala, & U. Gretzel, (Eds.), Advances in Social Media for Travel, Tourism and Hospitality: New Perspectives, Practice and Cases New York: Routledge.
  • Han, J., & Chen, H. (2021, In press). Millennial social media users' intention to travel: the moderating role of social media influencer following behavior, International Hospitality Review, https://doi.org/10.1108/IHR-11-2020-0069.
  • Hearn, A. & Schoenhoff, S. (2016). From celebrity to influencer. In P. D. Marshall, & S. Redmond (Eds.), A companion to celebrity UK: John Wiley and Sons/Blackwell.
  • Hutchinson, A. (2021). New report looks at the most effective influencer marketing approaches, and key platforms of focus. [URL: https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/new-report-looks-at-the-most-effective-influencer-marketing-approaches-and/598765/ ] (Erişim 10 Mayıs 2021).
  • HypeAuditor (2021). Top travel influencers on instagram. [URL: https://hypeauditor.com/top-instagram-travel/] (Erişim 30 Ağustos 2021).
  • Influencermarketinghub (2017). 8 top influencer marketing platforms. [URL: https://influencermarketinghub.com/8-top-influencer-marketing-platforms/] (Erişim 28 Nisan 2021).
  • Influencermarketinghub (2021a). The state of influencer marketing 2021: Benchmark report. [URL: https://influencermarketinghub.com/influencer-marketing-benchmark-report-2021/] (Erişim 28 Nisan 2021).
  • Influencermarketinghub (2021b). What is an influencer? – social media influencers defined [updated 2021]. [URL: https://influencermarketinghub.com/what-is-an-influencer/] (Erişim 28 Nisan 2021).
  • Inkybee (2016). The best practice guide for effective blogger outreach. [URL: http://www.inkybee.com/blogger-outreach-a-best-practice-guide/#.WKejBzsrKUl] (Erişim 27 Nisan 2021).
  • Izea (2017), 2017 State of the creator economy. [URL: https://izea.com/2017/02/10/2017-state-of-the-creator-economy-infographic/] (Erişim 10 Mayıs 2021).
  • Johansen, I. K. & Guldvik, C. S. (2017). Influencer marketing and purchase intentions: how does influencer marketing affect purchase intentions? (Master's thesis), Norwegian School of Economics, Norway.
  • Karadağ, Ç. (2004). Görme Kültürü Görüntüler Evreni. Ankara: Doruk Yayımcılık.
  • Kır, J., & Öztürk, G. (2020). Türkiye’deki etkileyici pazarlama ajanslarının dijital pazarlama uygulamalarındaki rolü. Halkla İlişkiler ve Reklam Çalışmaları E-Dergisi, 3(1), 44-66.
  • Kotler, P., Bowen, J., & Makens, J. (2003). Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism (3rd ed.). United State of America: Prentice Hall.
  • Kozak, N. (2014). Turizm Pazarlaması. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Krasniak, M. (2016). Social influencer marketing on the rise: New research. [URL: http://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/social-influencer-marketing-on-the-rise-new-research/] (Erişim 27 Nisan 2021).
  • Krishen, A. S., Dwivedi, Y. K., Bindu, N., & Kumar, K. S. (2021). A broad overview of interactive digital marketing: a bibliometric network analysis. Journal of Business Research, 131, 183-195.
  • Landsberg, N. (2021). 22 travel instagram influencers to follow in 2019. [URL: https://influencermarketinghub.com/top-instagram-travel-influencers/](Erişim 30 Ağustos 2021).
  • Laws, E. (2004). Improving tourism and hospitality services. Cambridge: CABI Publication.
  • Litvin, S. W., Goldsmith, R. E., & Pan, B. (2008). Electronic word-of-mouth in hospitality and tourism management. Tourism Management, 29(3), 458-468.
  • Martínez-López, F. J., Anaya-Sánchez, R., Fernández Giordano, M. & Lopez-Lopez, D. (2020). Behind influencer marketing: key marketing decisions and their effects on followers’ responses. Journal of Marketing Management, 36(7-8): 579-607.
  • Morad, R. (2016). How to travel the world as a social media influencer. [URL: https://www.forbes.com/sites/reneemorad/2016/11/07/how-to-travel-the-world-as-a-social-media-influencer/#7f584a4b1715] (Erişim 10 Mayıs 2021).
  • Morin, R. (2016). The rise of niche and micro-influencers. [URL: https://maximizesocialbusiness.com/the-rise-of-niche-and-micro-influencers-24286/#] (Erişim 27 Nisan 2021).
  • Nanji, A. (2017). The state of influencer marketing in 2017. [URL: https://www.marketingprofs.com/charts/2017/31524/the-state-of-influencer-marketing-in 2017?adref=nlt020717] (Erişim 10 Mayıs 2021).
  • Queensland, Australia (2014). What is an instameet?. [URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aC0dESsMquk] (Erişim 27 Nisan 2021).
  • Ong, Y. X. & Ito, N. (2019). “I want to go there too!” Evaluating social media influencer marketing effectiveness: a case study of Hokkaido’s DMO. In Information and communication technologies in tourism 2019 Springer: Cham.
  • Osiński, S. & Weiss, D. (2005). Carrot 2: Design of a flexible and efficient web information retrieval framework. Third International Atlantic Web Intelligence Conference, Heilderberg, Berlin, 439-444.
  • Snape, C. (2021). Instagram fotoğraf ve videoları. [URL: Callum Snape (@calsnape) • Instagram fotoğrafları ve videoları] (Erişim 1 Eylül 2021).
  • Stefanowski, J. & Weiss, D. (2003). Carrot 2 and language properties in web search results clustering. International Atlantic Web Intelligence Conference, Heilderberg, Berlin, 240-249.
  • Radey, T. (2015). Influencer marketing: Why relevance is more important than vanity metrics. [URL: https://www.pr2020.com/blog/influencer-marketing-why-relevance-is-more-important-than-vanity-metrics] (Erişim 27 Nisan 2021).
  • Solis, B. (2008). The art and science of blogger relations. [URL: https://www.scribd.com/document/3512570/Blogger-Relations-2-0] (Erişim 27 Nisan 2021).
  • Stoen, E. (2021). Instagram fotoğraf ve videoları. [URL: Eric Stoen | Family Travel (@travelbabbo) • Instagram fotoğrafları ve videoları] (Erişim 1 Eylül 2021).
  • Swant, M. (2016). Twitter says users now trust influencers nearly as much as their friends. [URL: http://www.adweek.com/digital/twitter-says-users-now-trust-influencers-nearly-much-their-friends-171367/] (Erişim 27 Nisan 2021).
  • Weiss, D. (2001). A clustering interface for web search results in polish and english (Master’s thesis), Poznan University of Technology, Polond.
Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 216 - 240, 30.12.2021

Abstract

References

  • Barbe, D., Neuburger, L., & Pennington-Gray, L. (2019) “Follow us on Instagram! Understanding the driving force behind following travel accounts on instagram”, e-Review of Tourism Research, 17(4): 592-609.
  • Brouwer, B. (2016). How influencer marketplace octoly has generated $8.6 million in earned media value. [URL: https://www.forbes.com/sites/breebrouwer/2016/10/16/influencer-marketing-octoly-thomas-owadenko/?sh=4d9d8a716e52 ] (Erişim 10 Mayıs 2021).
  • Carrot2 (2021a). [URL: https://search.carrot2.org/#/search/web/Influencer%20Marketing/folders] (Erişim 10 Mayıs 2021).
  • Carrot2 (2021b). [URL: https://search.carrot2.org/#/search/web/Influencer%20Marketing/treemap] (Erişim 10 Mayıs 2021).
  • Carrot2 (2021c). [URL: https://search.carrot2.org/#/search/web/Influencer%20Marketing/pie-chart ] (Erişim 10 Mayıs 2021).
  • Carter, D. (2016). Hustle and brand: the sociotechnical shaping of influencer. Social Media+ Society, 2(3): 1-12.
  • Cholprasertsuk, A. Lawanwisut, C., & Thongrin, S. (2020). Social media influencers and Thai tourism industry: tourists’ behavior, travel motivation, and influencing factors, Journal of Liberal Arts, Thammasat University, 20(2): 234-263.
  • Coronavirus (COVID-19) Marketing & ad spend impact: report + stats (updated january, 2021). (2021). [URL: https://influencermarketinghub.com/coronavirus-marketing-ad-spend-report/ ] (Erişim 28 Nisan 2021).
  • De Veirman, M., Cauberghe, V. & Hudders, L. (2017). Marketing through ınstagram ınfluencers: the ımpact of number of followers and product divergence on brand attitude. International Journal of Advertising, 36(5): 798-828.
  • eMarketer (2015). Marketers pair up with influencers—and it works: Content creation, promotion the leading tactics for influencer engagement. [URL: https://www.emarketer.com/Article/Marketers-Pair-Up-with-Influencersand-Works/1012709] (Erişim 28 Nisan 2021).
  • Glucksman, M. (2017). The rise of social media influencer marketing on lifestyle branding: A case study of Lucie Fink. Elon Journal of undergraduate research in communications, 8(2), 77-87.
  • Gretzel, U. (2018). Influencer marketing in travel and tourism. In M. Sigala, & U. Gretzel, (Eds.), Advances in Social Media for Travel, Tourism and Hospitality: New Perspectives, Practice and Cases New York: Routledge.
  • Han, J., & Chen, H. (2021, In press). Millennial social media users' intention to travel: the moderating role of social media influencer following behavior, International Hospitality Review, https://doi.org/10.1108/IHR-11-2020-0069.
  • Hearn, A. & Schoenhoff, S. (2016). From celebrity to influencer. In P. D. Marshall, & S. Redmond (Eds.), A companion to celebrity UK: John Wiley and Sons/Blackwell.
  • Hutchinson, A. (2021). New report looks at the most effective influencer marketing approaches, and key platforms of focus. [URL: https://www.socialmediatoday.com/news/new-report-looks-at-the-most-effective-influencer-marketing-approaches-and/598765/ ] (Erişim 10 Mayıs 2021).
  • HypeAuditor (2021). Top travel influencers on instagram. [URL: https://hypeauditor.com/top-instagram-travel/] (Erişim 30 Ağustos 2021).
  • Influencermarketinghub (2017). 8 top influencer marketing platforms. [URL: https://influencermarketinghub.com/8-top-influencer-marketing-platforms/] (Erişim 28 Nisan 2021).
  • Influencermarketinghub (2021a). The state of influencer marketing 2021: Benchmark report. [URL: https://influencermarketinghub.com/influencer-marketing-benchmark-report-2021/] (Erişim 28 Nisan 2021).
  • Influencermarketinghub (2021b). What is an influencer? – social media influencers defined [updated 2021]. [URL: https://influencermarketinghub.com/what-is-an-influencer/] (Erişim 28 Nisan 2021).
  • Inkybee (2016). The best practice guide for effective blogger outreach. [URL: http://www.inkybee.com/blogger-outreach-a-best-practice-guide/#.WKejBzsrKUl] (Erişim 27 Nisan 2021).
  • Izea (2017), 2017 State of the creator economy. [URL: https://izea.com/2017/02/10/2017-state-of-the-creator-economy-infographic/] (Erişim 10 Mayıs 2021).
  • Johansen, I. K. & Guldvik, C. S. (2017). Influencer marketing and purchase intentions: how does influencer marketing affect purchase intentions? (Master's thesis), Norwegian School of Economics, Norway.
  • Karadağ, Ç. (2004). Görme Kültürü Görüntüler Evreni. Ankara: Doruk Yayımcılık.
  • Kır, J., & Öztürk, G. (2020). Türkiye’deki etkileyici pazarlama ajanslarının dijital pazarlama uygulamalarındaki rolü. Halkla İlişkiler ve Reklam Çalışmaları E-Dergisi, 3(1), 44-66.
  • Kotler, P., Bowen, J., & Makens, J. (2003). Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism (3rd ed.). United State of America: Prentice Hall.
  • Kozak, N. (2014). Turizm Pazarlaması. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Krasniak, M. (2016). Social influencer marketing on the rise: New research. [URL: http://www.socialmediaexaminer.com/social-influencer-marketing-on-the-rise-new-research/] (Erişim 27 Nisan 2021).
  • Krishen, A. S., Dwivedi, Y. K., Bindu, N., & Kumar, K. S. (2021). A broad overview of interactive digital marketing: a bibliometric network analysis. Journal of Business Research, 131, 183-195.
  • Landsberg, N. (2021). 22 travel instagram influencers to follow in 2019. [URL: https://influencermarketinghub.com/top-instagram-travel-influencers/](Erişim 30 Ağustos 2021).
  • Laws, E. (2004). Improving tourism and hospitality services. Cambridge: CABI Publication.
  • Litvin, S. W., Goldsmith, R. E., & Pan, B. (2008). Electronic word-of-mouth in hospitality and tourism management. Tourism Management, 29(3), 458-468.
  • Martínez-López, F. J., Anaya-Sánchez, R., Fernández Giordano, M. & Lopez-Lopez, D. (2020). Behind influencer marketing: key marketing decisions and their effects on followers’ responses. Journal of Marketing Management, 36(7-8): 579-607.
  • Morad, R. (2016). How to travel the world as a social media influencer. [URL: https://www.forbes.com/sites/reneemorad/2016/11/07/how-to-travel-the-world-as-a-social-media-influencer/#7f584a4b1715] (Erişim 10 Mayıs 2021).
  • Morin, R. (2016). The rise of niche and micro-influencers. [URL: https://maximizesocialbusiness.com/the-rise-of-niche-and-micro-influencers-24286/#] (Erişim 27 Nisan 2021).
  • Nanji, A. (2017). The state of influencer marketing in 2017. [URL: https://www.marketingprofs.com/charts/2017/31524/the-state-of-influencer-marketing-in 2017?adref=nlt020717] (Erişim 10 Mayıs 2021).
  • Queensland, Australia (2014). What is an instameet?. [URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aC0dESsMquk] (Erişim 27 Nisan 2021).
  • Ong, Y. X. & Ito, N. (2019). “I want to go there too!” Evaluating social media influencer marketing effectiveness: a case study of Hokkaido’s DMO. In Information and communication technologies in tourism 2019 Springer: Cham.
  • Osiński, S. & Weiss, D. (2005). Carrot 2: Design of a flexible and efficient web information retrieval framework. Third International Atlantic Web Intelligence Conference, Heilderberg, Berlin, 439-444.
  • Snape, C. (2021). Instagram fotoğraf ve videoları. [URL: Callum Snape (@calsnape) • Instagram fotoğrafları ve videoları] (Erişim 1 Eylül 2021).
  • Stefanowski, J. & Weiss, D. (2003). Carrot 2 and language properties in web search results clustering. International Atlantic Web Intelligence Conference, Heilderberg, Berlin, 240-249.
  • Radey, T. (2015). Influencer marketing: Why relevance is more important than vanity metrics. [URL: https://www.pr2020.com/blog/influencer-marketing-why-relevance-is-more-important-than-vanity-metrics] (Erişim 27 Nisan 2021).
  • Solis, B. (2008). The art and science of blogger relations. [URL: https://www.scribd.com/document/3512570/Blogger-Relations-2-0] (Erişim 27 Nisan 2021).
  • Stoen, E. (2021). Instagram fotoğraf ve videoları. [URL: Eric Stoen | Family Travel (@travelbabbo) • Instagram fotoğrafları ve videoları] (Erişim 1 Eylül 2021).
  • Swant, M. (2016). Twitter says users now trust influencers nearly as much as their friends. [URL: http://www.adweek.com/digital/twitter-says-users-now-trust-influencers-nearly-much-their-friends-171367/] (Erişim 27 Nisan 2021).
  • Weiss, D. (2001). A clustering interface for web search results in polish and english (Master’s thesis), Poznan University of Technology, Polond.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Sinem Kunt 0000-0002-5342-4734

Azize Hassan 0000-0003-2509-1415

Publication Date December 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 24 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kunt, S., & Hassan, A. (2021). Seyahat ve Turizmde Yeni Bir Pazarlama Yaklaşımı: Etkileyici Pazarlama. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Turizm Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(2), 216-240.