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SAN FRANCİSCO KONFERANSI GÖRÜŞMELERİ VE BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER KARARLARI IŞIĞINDA SELF-DETERMİNASYON KAVRAMININ İNCELENMESİ

Year 2021, , 389 - 430, 31.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.34246/ahbvuhfd.871264

Abstract

Bu çalışma uluslararası hukuk ve ilişkilerin en tartışmalı kavramlarından biri olan self-determinasyonun 20’nci yüzyıldaki gelişim sürecine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmada, İkinci Dünya Savaşı öncesi ortaya çıkmakla birlikte, ilk defa Birleşmiş Milletler Şartı ile geniş kapsamlı bir uluslararası antlaşma içerisinde muğlak bir şekilde kendine yer bulan bu kavram San Francisco Konferansı’ndan itibaren detaylı bir incelemeye tabi tutulmuştur. Birleşmiş Milletler teşkilatı tarafından hayata geçirilen düzenlemeler özelinde incelenen self-determinasyon tartışmalarının temelde üç ana eksende yapıldığı tespit edilmiştir. İç self-determinasyon ve dış self-determinasyon olarak ifade edilen birinci tartışma self-determinasyonun kapsamına yöneliktir. İlke ve hak kavramları üzerinden yapılan ikinci tartışma self-determinasyonun anlamına ilişkindir. Son tartışma ise self-determinasyona dayanacak olan özne, yani, “peoples” kavramı üzerinde yaşanmaktadır. Çalışma, literatürden ayrılan bir yönüyle San Francisco Konferansı tutanakları ile konuya ilişkin önem arz eden Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurul kararları görüşme tutanaklarını detaylı bir şekilde incelemektedir. Bu anlamda çalışma, self-determinasyon kavramına ilişkin ilke-hak tartışmasının ikinci lehine artık son bulduğunu, ancak diğer iki tartışmanın daha sıcaklığını koruduğunu göstermektedir.

References

  • Akbulut O, Barış İçinde Yaşamanın Hukuki Zemini, XII Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2008.
  • Aral B, “Kollektif Bir İnsan Hakkı Olarak Halkların Kendi Kaderlerini Tayin Hakkı”, 1999-2000, 21-22, İnsan Hakları Yıllığı, s. 109-120.
  • Arsava F, “Halkların Kendi Kaderini Tayin Etme Hakkının Tarihçesi ve Günümüzde Getirdiği Problemler”, 2013, 8(Prof.Dr. Aydın Zevkliler’e Armağan), Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, s. 387-404.
  • Asamoah O, “The Legal Effect of Resolutions of the General Assembly”, 1964, 3(2), Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, s. 210-230.
  • Berman O, “Sovereignty In Abeyance: Self-Determination And International Law”, 1988, 7(51), Wis. Int’l LJ, s. 52-103.
  • Bossuyt M, Guide to the “Travaux Preparatoires” of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Martinus Nihioff Publishers, 1987.
  • Brilmayer L, “Secession And Self-Determination: A Territorial Interpretation”, 1991, 16, Yale J. Int’l L, s. 177-202.
  • Brownlie I, Principles of Public International Law, Oxford University Press, 2008.
  • Busquets B, Morality and Legality of Secession, Springer International Publishing, 2020.
  • Cassese A, Self-Determination of Peoples: A Legal Reappraisal, 2. Baskı, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
  • Crawford J, “State Practice and International Law in Relation to Secession”, 1999, 69(1), British Yearbook of International Law, s. 85-117.
  • Cvijic S, “Self-Determination As A Challenge To The Legitimacy Of Humanitarian Interventions: The Case Of Kosovo”, 2007, 8(1), British Yearbook of International Law, s. 85-117.
  • Daes E, “An Overview Of The History Of Indigenous Peoples: Self-Determination And The United Nations”, 2008, 21(1), Cambridge Review of International Affairs, s. 7-26.
  • Danspeckgruber W, The Self-Determination Of Peoples: Community, Nation, And State In An Interdependent World. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002.
  • Draft International Covenants on Human Rights, UN General Assembly, 10th Session, 1 July 1955, A/2929. <https://undocs.org/en/A/2929> Erişim Tarihi 15 Kasım 2020.
  • Duursma J. C, Fragmentation and the International Relations of Micro-states: Self-determination and Statehood, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
  • Fisch J, The Right of Self-Determination of Peoples: The Domestication of an Illusion, (Çev: Anita Mage), Cambridge University Press, New York, 2015.
  • GA Res. 1514, UN GAOR, 15th Sess., Supp. No. 16, at 66, UN Doc. A/4684 (1960).
  • GA Res. 1654, UN GAOR, 16th Session (1960). <https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/1654(XVI)> Erişim Tarihi 16 Kasım 2020.
  • General Assembly, 15th session: 947th plenary meeting, Wednesday, 14 December 1960, New York <https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/747044?ln=en> Erişim Tarihi 15 Kasım 2020.
  • Gilchrist H, “Colonial Questions at the San Francisco Conference”, 1945, 39(5), The American Political Science Review, s. 982-992.
  • Gottlieb G, “The Legitimacy of General Assembly Resolutions”, 1978, 17, Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, s. 120-132.
  • Griffioen C, Self-Determination as a Human Right: The Emergency Exit of Remedial Secession, Science Shop of Law, Utrecht, 2010.
  • Gunter M. M, “Self—Determination or Territorial Integrity: The United Nations in Confusion”, 1979, 141(3), World Affairs, s. 203-216.
  • Hannum H, “Rethinking Self-Determination”, 1993, 34(1), Va. J. Int’l L., s. 1-69.
  • Horowitz D. L, “A Right to Secede?” in Stephen Macedo and Allen Buchanan (Ed.), Secession and Self-Determination, New York University Press, New York, 2003.
  • Horowitz D. L, “The Cracked Foundations Of the Right To Secede”, 2003, 14(2), Journal of Democracy, s. 5-17.
  • Ibhawoh B, “Testing The Atlantic Charter: Linking Anticolonialism, Self-Determination And Universal Human Rights”, 2014, 18(7-8), The International Journal of Human Rights, s. 842-860.
  • Kalaycı H, “Kendi Kaderini Tayin Kimlerin Hakkı?”, 2009, 54, Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, s. 179-197.
  • Kelsen H, “The Old and the New League: The Covenant and the Dumbarton Oaks Proposals”, 1945, 39(1), The American Journal of International Law, s. 45-83.
  • Kelsen H, The Law of the United Nations: A Critical Analysis of Its Fundamental Problems, 7. Baskı, The Lawbook Exchange, 2000.
  • Kılınç D, “Self Determinasyon İlkesinin Azınlıklar Açısından Değerlendirilmesi”, 2008, 12(1), Gazi Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, s. 949- 982.
  • Kirgis F. L, “The Degrees Of Self-Determination In The United Nations Era”, 1994, 88(2), The American Journal of International Law, s. 304- 310.
  • Koçak M, “Self Determinasyon Hakkı ve Self Determinasyon Hakkı Teorileri”, 2018, 23(38), Dicle Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, s. 85- 148.
  • Koskenniemi M, “National Self-Determination Today: Problems Of Legal Theory And Practice”, 1994, 43(2), International and Comparative Law Quarterly, s. 241-269.
  • Kuokkanenbio R, “Self-Determination and Indigenous Women's Rights at the Intersection of International Human Rights”, 2012, 34(1), Human Rights Quarterly, s. 225-250.
  • Lenin V. I, Collected Works Volume 22, Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1964.
  • Lynch A, “Woodrow Wilson And The Principle Of National Self-Determination: A Reconsideration”, 2002, 28(2), Review of International Studies, s. 419-436.
  • Malanczuk P, Akehurst’s Modern Introduction to International Law, 7. Baskı, Routledge, 1997.
  • Masaryk T. G, Making of a State: Memories and Observations 1914-1918, George Allen and Unwin Ltd, London, 1927.
  • Mccorquodale R, “Self-Determination: A Human Rights Approach”, 1994, 43(4), The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, s. 857- 885.
  • Meissner B, “The Right of Self-Determination after Helsinki and Its Significance for the Baltic Nations”, 1981, 13(2), Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, s. 375-384.
  • Nanda V. P, “Self-Determination Under International Law: Validity of Claims to Secede”, 1981, 13(2), Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, s. 257-280.
  • Orenlichter D. F, “International Responses to Separatist Claims: Are Democratic Principles Relevant?” in Stephen Macedo and Allen Buchanan (Ed.), Secession and Self-Determination, New York University Press, New York, 2003.
  • Öberg M. D, “The Legal Effects of Resolutions of the UN Security Council and General Assembly in the Jurisprudence of the ICJ”, 2005, 16(5), s. 879-906.
  • Pomerance M, Self-Determination in Law and Practice: The New Doctrine in the United Nations, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1982.
  • Quane H, “The United Nations And The Evolving Right To Self-Determination”, 1998, 47(3), International and Comparative Law Quarterly, s. 537-572.
  • Ramcharan B. G, “Individual, Collective and Group Rights: History, Theory, Practice and Contemporary Evolution”, 1993, 1(1), International Journal of Group Rights, s. 27-44.
  • Sar C, “Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurul Kararının Hukuki Değeri”, 1966, 21(4), Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, s. 227-274.
  • Simpson B, “The United States And The Curious History Of Self-Determination”, 2012, 36(4), Diplomatic History, s. 675-694.
  • Simpson G. J, “The Diffusion of Sovereignty: Self-Determination in the Post-Colonial Age”, 1996, 32(2), Stanford Journal of International Law, s. 255-286.
  • Spiry E, “From Self-Determination to a Right to Self-Development for Indigenous Groups”, 1995, 38(129), German Yearbook of International Law, s. 129-152.
  • Sterio M, The Right to Self-Determination Under International Law, New York: Routledge, 2013.
  • Summers J. Peoples and International Law, 2. Baskı, Brill Nijhoff, Leiden, 2. Baskı, 2014.
  • The Case Concerning the Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso v. Mali), 1986 I.C.J. 554, Dec. 22, 1986.
  • Throntveit T, “The Fable Of The Fourteen Points: Woodrow Wilson And National Self-Determination”, 2011, 35(3), Diplomatic History, s. 445- 481.
  • United Nations General Assembly Official Records, 17th Session, 1066th Plenary Meeting, 27 November 1961 <https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/744214?ln=en> Erişim Tarihi 16 Kasım 2020.
  • Wilson H, International Law And The Use Of Force By National Liberation Movements, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1988.
Year 2021, , 389 - 430, 31.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.34246/ahbvuhfd.871264

Abstract

References

  • Akbulut O, Barış İçinde Yaşamanın Hukuki Zemini, XII Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2008.
  • Aral B, “Kollektif Bir İnsan Hakkı Olarak Halkların Kendi Kaderlerini Tayin Hakkı”, 1999-2000, 21-22, İnsan Hakları Yıllığı, s. 109-120.
  • Arsava F, “Halkların Kendi Kaderini Tayin Etme Hakkının Tarihçesi ve Günümüzde Getirdiği Problemler”, 2013, 8(Prof.Dr. Aydın Zevkliler’e Armağan), Yaşar Üniversitesi E-Dergisi, s. 387-404.
  • Asamoah O, “The Legal Effect of Resolutions of the General Assembly”, 1964, 3(2), Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, s. 210-230.
  • Berman O, “Sovereignty In Abeyance: Self-Determination And International Law”, 1988, 7(51), Wis. Int’l LJ, s. 52-103.
  • Bossuyt M, Guide to the “Travaux Preparatoires” of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Martinus Nihioff Publishers, 1987.
  • Brilmayer L, “Secession And Self-Determination: A Territorial Interpretation”, 1991, 16, Yale J. Int’l L, s. 177-202.
  • Brownlie I, Principles of Public International Law, Oxford University Press, 2008.
  • Busquets B, Morality and Legality of Secession, Springer International Publishing, 2020.
  • Cassese A, Self-Determination of Peoples: A Legal Reappraisal, 2. Baskı, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
  • Crawford J, “State Practice and International Law in Relation to Secession”, 1999, 69(1), British Yearbook of International Law, s. 85-117.
  • Cvijic S, “Self-Determination As A Challenge To The Legitimacy Of Humanitarian Interventions: The Case Of Kosovo”, 2007, 8(1), British Yearbook of International Law, s. 85-117.
  • Daes E, “An Overview Of The History Of Indigenous Peoples: Self-Determination And The United Nations”, 2008, 21(1), Cambridge Review of International Affairs, s. 7-26.
  • Danspeckgruber W, The Self-Determination Of Peoples: Community, Nation, And State In An Interdependent World. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002.
  • Draft International Covenants on Human Rights, UN General Assembly, 10th Session, 1 July 1955, A/2929. <https://undocs.org/en/A/2929> Erişim Tarihi 15 Kasım 2020.
  • Duursma J. C, Fragmentation and the International Relations of Micro-states: Self-determination and Statehood, Cambridge University Press, 1996.
  • Fisch J, The Right of Self-Determination of Peoples: The Domestication of an Illusion, (Çev: Anita Mage), Cambridge University Press, New York, 2015.
  • GA Res. 1514, UN GAOR, 15th Sess., Supp. No. 16, at 66, UN Doc. A/4684 (1960).
  • GA Res. 1654, UN GAOR, 16th Session (1960). <https://undocs.org/en/A/RES/1654(XVI)> Erişim Tarihi 16 Kasım 2020.
  • General Assembly, 15th session: 947th plenary meeting, Wednesday, 14 December 1960, New York <https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/747044?ln=en> Erişim Tarihi 15 Kasım 2020.
  • Gilchrist H, “Colonial Questions at the San Francisco Conference”, 1945, 39(5), The American Political Science Review, s. 982-992.
  • Gottlieb G, “The Legitimacy of General Assembly Resolutions”, 1978, 17, Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, s. 120-132.
  • Griffioen C, Self-Determination as a Human Right: The Emergency Exit of Remedial Secession, Science Shop of Law, Utrecht, 2010.
  • Gunter M. M, “Self—Determination or Territorial Integrity: The United Nations in Confusion”, 1979, 141(3), World Affairs, s. 203-216.
  • Hannum H, “Rethinking Self-Determination”, 1993, 34(1), Va. J. Int’l L., s. 1-69.
  • Horowitz D. L, “A Right to Secede?” in Stephen Macedo and Allen Buchanan (Ed.), Secession and Self-Determination, New York University Press, New York, 2003.
  • Horowitz D. L, “The Cracked Foundations Of the Right To Secede”, 2003, 14(2), Journal of Democracy, s. 5-17.
  • Ibhawoh B, “Testing The Atlantic Charter: Linking Anticolonialism, Self-Determination And Universal Human Rights”, 2014, 18(7-8), The International Journal of Human Rights, s. 842-860.
  • Kalaycı H, “Kendi Kaderini Tayin Kimlerin Hakkı?”, 2009, 54, Liberal Düşünce Dergisi, s. 179-197.
  • Kelsen H, “The Old and the New League: The Covenant and the Dumbarton Oaks Proposals”, 1945, 39(1), The American Journal of International Law, s. 45-83.
  • Kelsen H, The Law of the United Nations: A Critical Analysis of Its Fundamental Problems, 7. Baskı, The Lawbook Exchange, 2000.
  • Kılınç D, “Self Determinasyon İlkesinin Azınlıklar Açısından Değerlendirilmesi”, 2008, 12(1), Gazi Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, s. 949- 982.
  • Kirgis F. L, “The Degrees Of Self-Determination In The United Nations Era”, 1994, 88(2), The American Journal of International Law, s. 304- 310.
  • Koçak M, “Self Determinasyon Hakkı ve Self Determinasyon Hakkı Teorileri”, 2018, 23(38), Dicle Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, s. 85- 148.
  • Koskenniemi M, “National Self-Determination Today: Problems Of Legal Theory And Practice”, 1994, 43(2), International and Comparative Law Quarterly, s. 241-269.
  • Kuokkanenbio R, “Self-Determination and Indigenous Women's Rights at the Intersection of International Human Rights”, 2012, 34(1), Human Rights Quarterly, s. 225-250.
  • Lenin V. I, Collected Works Volume 22, Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1964.
  • Lynch A, “Woodrow Wilson And The Principle Of National Self-Determination: A Reconsideration”, 2002, 28(2), Review of International Studies, s. 419-436.
  • Malanczuk P, Akehurst’s Modern Introduction to International Law, 7. Baskı, Routledge, 1997.
  • Masaryk T. G, Making of a State: Memories and Observations 1914-1918, George Allen and Unwin Ltd, London, 1927.
  • Mccorquodale R, “Self-Determination: A Human Rights Approach”, 1994, 43(4), The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, s. 857- 885.
  • Meissner B, “The Right of Self-Determination after Helsinki and Its Significance for the Baltic Nations”, 1981, 13(2), Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, s. 375-384.
  • Nanda V. P, “Self-Determination Under International Law: Validity of Claims to Secede”, 1981, 13(2), Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, s. 257-280.
  • Orenlichter D. F, “International Responses to Separatist Claims: Are Democratic Principles Relevant?” in Stephen Macedo and Allen Buchanan (Ed.), Secession and Self-Determination, New York University Press, New York, 2003.
  • Öberg M. D, “The Legal Effects of Resolutions of the UN Security Council and General Assembly in the Jurisprudence of the ICJ”, 2005, 16(5), s. 879-906.
  • Pomerance M, Self-Determination in Law and Practice: The New Doctrine in the United Nations, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1982.
  • Quane H, “The United Nations And The Evolving Right To Self-Determination”, 1998, 47(3), International and Comparative Law Quarterly, s. 537-572.
  • Ramcharan B. G, “Individual, Collective and Group Rights: History, Theory, Practice and Contemporary Evolution”, 1993, 1(1), International Journal of Group Rights, s. 27-44.
  • Sar C, “Birleşmiş Milletler Genel Kurul Kararının Hukuki Değeri”, 1966, 21(4), Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, s. 227-274.
  • Simpson B, “The United States And The Curious History Of Self-Determination”, 2012, 36(4), Diplomatic History, s. 675-694.
  • Simpson G. J, “The Diffusion of Sovereignty: Self-Determination in the Post-Colonial Age”, 1996, 32(2), Stanford Journal of International Law, s. 255-286.
  • Spiry E, “From Self-Determination to a Right to Self-Development for Indigenous Groups”, 1995, 38(129), German Yearbook of International Law, s. 129-152.
  • Sterio M, The Right to Self-Determination Under International Law, New York: Routledge, 2013.
  • Summers J. Peoples and International Law, 2. Baskı, Brill Nijhoff, Leiden, 2. Baskı, 2014.
  • The Case Concerning the Frontier Dispute (Burkina Faso v. Mali), 1986 I.C.J. 554, Dec. 22, 1986.
  • Throntveit T, “The Fable Of The Fourteen Points: Woodrow Wilson And National Self-Determination”, 2011, 35(3), Diplomatic History, s. 445- 481.
  • United Nations General Assembly Official Records, 17th Session, 1066th Plenary Meeting, 27 November 1961 <https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/744214?ln=en> Erişim Tarihi 16 Kasım 2020.
  • Wilson H, International Law And The Use Of Force By National Liberation Movements, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1988.
There are 58 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section KAMU HUKUKU
Authors

Şahin Eray Kırdım This is me

Atahan Demirkol

Publication Date January 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Kırdım, Ş. E., & Demirkol, A. (2021). SAN FRANCİSCO KONFERANSI GÖRÜŞMELERİ VE BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER KARARLARI IŞIĞINDA SELF-DETERMİNASYON KAVRAMININ İNCELENMESİ. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 25(1), 389-430. https://doi.org/10.34246/ahbvuhfd.871264
AMA Kırdım ŞE, Demirkol A. SAN FRANCİSCO KONFERANSI GÖRÜŞMELERİ VE BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER KARARLARI IŞIĞINDA SELF-DETERMİNASYON KAVRAMININ İNCELENMESİ. AHBVÜ-HFD. January 2021;25(1):389-430. doi:10.34246/ahbvuhfd.871264
Chicago Kırdım, Şahin Eray, and Atahan Demirkol. “SAN FRANCİSCO KONFERANSI GÖRÜŞMELERİ VE BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER KARARLARI IŞIĞINDA SELF-DETERMİNASYON KAVRAMININ İNCELENMESİ”. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 25, no. 1 (January 2021): 389-430. https://doi.org/10.34246/ahbvuhfd.871264.
EndNote Kırdım ŞE, Demirkol A (January 1, 2021) SAN FRANCİSCO KONFERANSI GÖRÜŞMELERİ VE BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER KARARLARI IŞIĞINDA SELF-DETERMİNASYON KAVRAMININ İNCELENMESİ. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 25 1 389–430.
IEEE Ş. E. Kırdım and A. Demirkol, “SAN FRANCİSCO KONFERANSI GÖRÜŞMELERİ VE BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER KARARLARI IŞIĞINDA SELF-DETERMİNASYON KAVRAMININ İNCELENMESİ”, AHBVÜ-HFD, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 389–430, 2021, doi: 10.34246/ahbvuhfd.871264.
ISNAD Kırdım, Şahin Eray - Demirkol, Atahan. “SAN FRANCİSCO KONFERANSI GÖRÜŞMELERİ VE BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER KARARLARI IŞIĞINDA SELF-DETERMİNASYON KAVRAMININ İNCELENMESİ”. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 25/1 (January 2021), 389-430. https://doi.org/10.34246/ahbvuhfd.871264.
JAMA Kırdım ŞE, Demirkol A. SAN FRANCİSCO KONFERANSI GÖRÜŞMELERİ VE BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER KARARLARI IŞIĞINDA SELF-DETERMİNASYON KAVRAMININ İNCELENMESİ. AHBVÜ-HFD. 2021;25:389–430.
MLA Kırdım, Şahin Eray and Atahan Demirkol. “SAN FRANCİSCO KONFERANSI GÖRÜŞMELERİ VE BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER KARARLARI IŞIĞINDA SELF-DETERMİNASYON KAVRAMININ İNCELENMESİ”. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 25, no. 1, 2021, pp. 389-30, doi:10.34246/ahbvuhfd.871264.
Vancouver Kırdım ŞE, Demirkol A. SAN FRANCİSCO KONFERANSI GÖRÜŞMELERİ VE BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER KARARLARI IŞIĞINDA SELF-DETERMİNASYON KAVRAMININ İNCELENMESİ. AHBVÜ-HFD. 2021;25(1):389-430.