İstanbul Ahkâm Defterleri’ne Göre 18. Yüzyılda İstanbul’daki Finansal Sistemin Tasnifi (1750-1780)

Year 2014, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 669 - 720, 01.07.2014

M Burak Buluttekin

Abstract

18.yüzyılda İstanbul’daki finansal sistemi değerlendirme amacındaki bu çalışma, 1750-1780 yılları arasındaki döneme ait İstanbul Ahkâm Defterleri’nin tasnifine yöneliktir. Ahkâm defterlerinde yer alan kayıtlardaki hükümleri tasnif edebilmek için; (a)defter numaraları, (b)başvuru yerleri, (c)ihtilaf konuları, (d)ihtilafın tarafl arının sosyal konumları, (e)ihtilafın tarafl arının dinleri ve (f)başvuru yılları, temel analiz değişkenleri olarak seçilmiştir. Her bir hüküm, bu sistematiğe göre -öncelikle kendi içlerinde ve daha sonra da genel analize tabi tutularak- incelenmiştir.İstanbul Ahkâm Defterleri Kayıtları’nda, Mart 1750-Temmuz 1779 tarihleri arasındaki dönemde, sosyal hayat ile ilgili olarak 394 tane hüküm tespit edilmiştir. 3-9 arasında yer alan ilgili Ahkâm defterindeki bu hükümlerden, en fazla kaydın 9 numaralı defterde(%26,4) yer aldığı görülmüştür. İstanbul’da yaşanan toplumsal sorunların, yoğunluklu olarak “sözleşmelerden doğan borç alacak ihtilafl arı”(%55,6) ve “vergi ihtilafl arı”(%24,1) konularıyla ilgili oldukları belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte en fazla toplumsal sorun, Haslar(%28,9) bölgesinde yaşanmıştır. Yine, Suriçi kazasında sıklıkla “vergi muafiyeti”(29 karar); Galata, Haslar ile Üsküdar kazalarında yoğunlukla “adi borç alacak ihtilafı”(sırasıyla 37, 29 ve 25 karar) konularına ilişkin sorunlar yaşanmıştır.18.yüzyılda İstanbul’daki toplumsal sorunların, çoğunlukla yönetilenler(reaya) arasında yaşandığı belirlenmiştir. Hem müracaat eden ve hem de şikayet edilen tarafl ar, çoğunlukla şehir merkezinde yaşayan Müslüman yönetilen reayadan müteşekkildir. İncelenen dönemdeki sorunların %31,2’sinin, 1775-1779 yılları arasındaki dönemde yaşandığı tespit edilmiştir

Keywords

18th Century, Istanbul, The Financial System of Istanbul, The Ottoman Finance, Istanbul Ahkâm Registers

THE CLASSIFICATION OF FINANCIAL SYSTEM IN ISTANBUL IN THE EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY BY ISTANBUL AHKÂM REGISTERS (1750-1780)

Abstract

This study, which aims to evaluate the financial system of Istanbul in the 18th century, is based on the classification of Istanbul Ahkâm Registers in the period of 1750-1780. In order to classify the provisions of Ahkâm Registers; (a)registry(book) numbers, (b)application areas, (c)confl ict issues, (d)the social position of the litigants, (e)the religion of the litigants, and (f)application years were chosen as the basic analysis variables. Each judgement, which were based on this systematic, were examined in themselves. 394 provisions of the financial system were determined in Istanbul Ahkâm Registers in the period of March 1750-July 1779. The analysis of this Ahkâm Books(between 3-9 books), the maximum provisions were found with 9th part (26.4%) of them. The most problems of the financial system of Istanbul were “debit and credit disputes founded on contract”(55.6%) and “tax dispute”(24.1%). Moreover, the most financial problems occurred in Haslar(28.9%) region. Also, the most social problem in Surici was “tax exemption”(29 cases); in Galata, Uskudar and Haslar was “ordinary debit and credit dispute”(respectively 37, 29 and 25 cases). The financial problems of Istanbul in the 18th century occurred between the reaya. Both the applicants and the complainees were intensity composed by the Muslims reaya which were dwelling in centrum. It was determined that 31.2% of this financial problems occured in the period of 1775-1779

Keywords

18.yüzyıl, İstanbul, İstanbul Finans Sistemi, Osmanlı Maliyesi, İstanbul Ahkâm Defterleri

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