Sosyal Medya'nın Güvenlik Boyutu ve Güç Dengesi

Abstract

Geleneksel olarak uluslararası ilişkiler alanında bir aktörün üstün bir teknoloji geliştirmesi, güç dengesinin de onun lehine değişmesi anlamına gelmiştir. Her ne kadar teknoloji yayılma eğilimine sahip olsa da devletler, özellikle kısa vadede, kazandıkları üstünlükten diğer aktörler söz konusu teknolojileri elde edinceye kadar faydalanmıştır. Çağımızın en büyük ve önemli teknolojik gelişmeleri dijital ortamda gerçekleşmektedir. Dijital teknolojilerin yayılma hızı ise tarihte eşi görülmemiş derecede yüksektir. Bu teknolojik gelişmelerin hayatın hemen her alanına etki eden bir örneği ise sosyal medyadır. Sosyal medya ortaya çıkışının ardından hızla tüm dünyaya yayılmış ve çeşitli platformlar çerçevesinde milyarlarca aktif kullanıcıya sahip olmuştur. Başta Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD) olmak üzere batılı devletler tarafından geliştirilen teknolojilere dayanan sosyal medya alanı, bu devletler tarafından sosyal ve ekonomik perspektiften ele alınmıştır. Ancak diğer devletler ve kimi devlet dışı aktörler için bu alan yeni bir tehdit ve güvenlik alanı olarak görülmüştür. Rusya’nın 2016 ABD seçimlerine müdahaleleri ve IŞİD’in sosyal medya faaliyetleri bu yaklaşımın başlıca örnekleridir. Batılı devletlerin kendi geliştirdikleri teknoloji alanında başarılı defansif stratejiler ortaya koyamamış olması, günümüz teknolojik gelişmelerinin geleneksel avantajları her zaman beraberinde getirmediğini göstermektedir. Dijital dünyada teknolojinin yayılma hızının neredeyse anlık olması, Batılı devletlerin kurumsal yapısı ve bu alana yaklaşımlarındaki farklılıklar gibi nedenlerle; teknolojiyi geliştiren aktörler aynı teknolojiden zarar görmüştür. Sosyal medya bir bilgi muharebesi alanına dönüştürülürken bu muharebede sosyal medya ve ardındaki teknolojileri geliştiren devletler görece başarısız olmuştur. Bu çalışma günümüz teknolojilerinin güç dengesine etkilerinin, geleneksel gelişmelerden farkını ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• Sosyal Medya,Bilgi Muharebesi,Güç Dengesi,Rusya,IŞİD,İnternet

Security Aspect of Social Media and Power Balance

Abstract

According to the traditional understanding in International Relations, if an actor develops superior technology, that means the power balance is changed in its favor. Although technology tends to spread, especially in the short-term states benefit from the superiority they gain until other states get hold of this technology. Today the most preeminent and substantial technological developments take place in the digital area. Digital technologies spread at an unprecedented rate. One of the most influential of these technologies is social media. Social media has permeated almost all aspects of life and gained billions of active users around the World. This new phenomenon was made possible by the Western states, especially the United States of America (USA). While the states behind the technological developments considered this new area from a socio-economic point of view, other states and some non-state actors approached it as a new threat and security perspective. Russia’s interventions to the 2016 US elections and ISIS’s social media operations are the main examples of this approach. Western states' shortcomings in introducing successful defensive strategies against these threats show that today’s technological developments do not always accompany the traditional advantages. Almost instantaneous spread of technology in the digital world, the institutional structure of Western states and their differences towards this area caused the developers of these technologies being harmed by the same developments. While social media is transformed into an informational warfare area, the states which developed social media and new technologies was relatively unsuccessful in this area. Hence, this study sets forth the idea that today’s technologies change “power balances” differently from the traditional equivalents.

Keywords

• Social Media,Information Warfare,Power Balance,Russia,ISIS,Internet

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