A Phenomenological Research on Individuals with Autism and Their Families in Working Life

Abstract

Çalışma Hayatında Otizmli Bireyler ve Aileleri Üzerine Fenomenolojik Bir Araştırma

Abstract

Bir spektrum bozukluğu olarak otizmi anlamaya yönelik her geçen gün artan oranda araştırma yapılmasına rağmen otizmli bireylerin çalışma hayatına ilişkin yapılan araştırmalar oldukça sınırlıdır. Günümüzde otizmli bireyler iş bulmak ve ailelerinden bağımsız olarak yaşamak konusunda çeşitli zorluklarla karşılaşmaktadır. Bu durum otizmli bireyleri etkilediği gibi ailelerini de etkilemektedir. Ancak doğru miktarda destekle, otizmli bireyler ücretli istihdam da dâhil olmak üzere yaşamın tüm faaliyetlerine katılma yeteneğine sahiptir. Bu fenomonolojik çalışmanın amacı otizmli bireylerin istihdamının aileleri ve kendileri üzerinde etkilerini ailelerin deneyimleri üzerinden ortaya koyarak engelli istihdamı, otizm ve iş yerinde çeşitlilik konularında bilgi birikim düzeyini artırmaktır. Aileleri ile birlikte yaşayan ve aynı zamanda çalışma hayatında yer alan otizmli bireylerin ebeveynleri ile yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toplamda on üç ebeveyn ile yüz yüze görüşmeler sonucu elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, otizmli bireylerin istihdamının hem otizmli bireyler hem de aileleri üzerinde önemli faydaları olduğunu göstermektedir. Aileler kendilerine daha fazla vakit ayırabilmekte, daha fazla sosyalleşebilmekte, otizmli çocuklarıyla daha nitelikli iletişim kurabilmekte, ayrıca istihdam sonrası çocuklarının geleceğine dair daha az kaygı hissetmektedir. Otizmli bireylerin ise ailelerine olan bağımlılıkları azalmakta, fizyolojik özelliklerinde iyileşmeler olmakta, hayatları düzene girmekte, özgüven ve sosyalleşme düzeylerinde artışlar olmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçları literatürdeki çalışmalar ile karşılaştırılarak tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

• Aile,Ebeveyn,İstihdam,Otizm

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