Hastanelerde Çok Kriterli Karar Verme Uygulamalarının Sistematik Derlemesi

Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 612 - 645, 19.08.2020

Elif Erbay Çağdaş Erkan Akyürek

Abstract

Bireysel ve örgütsel
düzeylerde, karar verme süreçlerinin karmaşıklığının ve beşeri faktörlerden
kaynaklı belirsizliklerin etkili bir şekilde yönetilmesinde Çok Kriterli Karar
Verme Yöntemleri’ne başvurulmaktadır. Çeşitli sektörlerde uygulama alanı bulan
bu yöntemlerin sağlık kurumlarında uygulama örnekleri oldukça çeşitlidir. Bu
çalışmada, hastanelerde çok kriterli karar verme uygulamalarının hangi konularda, hangi yöntemlerle ve kriterlerle yapıldığının,
kriter seçim yönteminin, karar vericilerin dağılımının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
PRISMA protokolü kapsamında yürütülen çalışmada, 01.01.2019-31.01.2019
tarihleri arasında 9 farklı veri tabanı taranmış, elde edilen 55 çalışma
incelemeye dahil edilmiştir. Hastanelerde Çok Kriterli Karar Verme
uygulamaları; kalite ve performans değerlendirme, tıbbi atık yönetimi ve
kuruluş yeri seçimi konularında
yoğunlaşmış, en çok Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi ve TOPSIS yöntemleri tercih
edilmiştir. Çalışma başına ortalama yaklaşık 5 kriter kullanılmış, çalışmanın
konusuna göre çeşitlenen bu kriterlerin seçiminde çoğunlukla literatür taraması
ve uzman görüşleri esas alınmıştır. Karar vericilerin genellikle alanında uzman
kişilerden, hekimlerden ve yöneticilerden oluştuğu ve çeşitli paydaşların karar
verme süreçlerine dahil edildiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarında; üst yönetim
desteği, personelin süreçlere entegre edilmesi, karar verme süreçlerine farklı
paydaşların dahil edilerek sonuçların iyileştirilmesi hususlarına dikkat
çekilmiş, çalışma sonuçlarının politika yapıcılara hizmet sunumunun planlanması
ve iyileştirilmesinde önemli bilgiler sunduğu ifade edilmiştir. Sayısal
temellere dayandırılarak alınan kararlarda üst yönetim desteği daha kolay
sağlandığından, hastanelerde farklı hizmet süreçlerinde daha fazla Çok Kriterli
Karar Verme Yöntemleri uygulamalarına başvurulması önerilmektedir. 

Keywords

çok kriterli karar verme, AHP, hastane, sağlık, sistematik derleme

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