Testing Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in Turkey: The Role of Clean Energy Consumption

Year 2020, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 570 - 589, 19.08.2020

Süleyman Yurtkuran

Abstract

Türkiye’de Çevresel Kuznets Eğrisi Hipotezi’nin Testi: Temiz Enerji Tüketimi’nin Rolü

Abstract

Günümüzde küresel ısınma ve iklim değişikliği konuları tüm dünyada en büyük endişelerin başında gelmektedir. Başta fosil yakıt tüketimi olmak üzere birçok faktör CO2 salımını arttırmaktadır. Bu durum da küresel ısınmaya sebebiyet vermektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de 1971-2014 döneminde çevresel kirlilik üzerinde Gayri Safi Yurt İçi Hasıla (GSYİH), karbonhidrat içermeyen enerji tüketimi, ihracat, ithalat, finansal gelişme, endüstrileşme ve kentleşme değişkenlerinin etkisinin olup olmadığını araştırmaktır. Sınır testi sonuçları seriler arasında uzun dönemli bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Uzun dönemde Gecikmesi Dağıtılmış Otoregresif Model (ARDL) yaklaşımından elde edilen sonuçlar gelir, ithalat, finansal gelişme, endüstrileşme ve kentleşmenin karbon dioksit salımı (CO2)’nı arttırdığını; karbonhidrat içermeyen enerji tüketiminin ise çevresel bozulmayı azalttığını göstermektedir. Bunun yanında, elde edilen sonuçlara göre Türkiye’de kısa ve uzun dönemde GSYİH ile CO2 arasında ters-U şeklinde bir ilişki, yani çevresel Kuznets eğrisi (ÇKE) hipotezinin geçerli olduğu görülmektedir. Fakat kişi başına düşen GSYİH’nın dönüm noktası ilgili dönem aralığının dışında bir değer olan 15.644$ olarak hesaplanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın ana sonucu ise karbonhidrat içermeyen enerji tüketiminin CO2 salımının azalmasına katkıda bulunduğu ve Türkiye’nin enerji güvenliğini arttırdığıdır.

Keywords

ÇKE Hipotezi, CO2 Salımı, Karbonhidrat İçermeyen Enerji Tüketimi, Ekonomik Büyüme, Yapısal Kırılma, Türkiye

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