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Türkiye İmalat Sanayinde Emek Verimliliği

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: 1, 93 - 108, 18.04.2021

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, 2009-2018 yılları arasında Türkiye imalat sanayinde faaliyet gösteren firmaların emek verimliliği değişimleri incelenmiştir. Analizlerimizde, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu tarafından sağlanan Yıllık İş Kayıt Çerçeveleri verileri kullanılmış ve imalat sanayinde son 10 yılda gözlemlenen emek verimliliği değişimlerinin, sektörel ve bölgesel ölçekte yansımaları incelenmiştir. Buna göre, Türkiye imalat sanayinde 2009-2018 yılları arasında emek verimliliği yıllık ortalama %8 artmıştır. Ayrıca, sırasıyla “Kok kömürü ve rafine edilmiş petrol ürünleri imalatı”, “Temel eczacılık ürünlerinin imalatı” ve “Tütün ürünleri imalatı” alt sektörleri, en verimli ilk üç endüstri olarak göze çarpmaktadır. Bölgesel analizimize göre, ülkedeki en verimli bölgeler sırasıyla TR10 (İstanbul alt bölgesi), TR51 (Ankara alt bölgesi), TRC3’de (Mardin alt bölgesi), TRC2 (Şanlıurfa alt bölgesi) ve TRC1 (Gaziantep alt bölgesi)’dir. Bununla birlikte, 2012 yılını takiben özellikle Mardin alt bölgesi ve Gaziantep alt bölgesi imalat sanayi emek verimliliklerinin Türkiye imalat sanayi emek verimliği ortalamasından pozitif olarak ayrıştığı tespit edilmiştir.

Thanks

Bu çalışmada kullanılan Yıllık İş Kayıt Çerçeveleri verilerine erişim. TÜİK Edirne Bölge Müdürlüğü’nde bulunan Veri Araştırma Merkezi’nde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bunu mümkün kılan Sayın Kenan Çelebi, Halil Emecen, Faruk Yılmaz Şişoğlu ve Settar Taha Işık’a ve TÜİK merkez teşkilatının değerli çalışanlarından Sayın Erdal Yıldırım ve Can Doğan'a teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Akcigit, U., Akgunduz, Y.E., Cilasun, S.M., Ozcan-Tok, E. ve Yilmaz, F. (2020). Facts on business dynamism in Turkey, European Economic Review, vol. 128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103490
  • Aldan, A. ve Gunay, M. (2008). Entry to export markets and productivity: analysis of matched firms in Turkey. The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, Research and Monetary Policy Department. Working paper no. 08/05.
  • Ayvaz, Y., Baldemi̇r, E. ve Ürüt, S. (2006). Yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının verimlilik ve kalkınmaya etkilerinin ekonometrik incelemesi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(1), 177-186.
  • Caves, R.E. (1998). Industrial organization and new findings on the turnover and mobility of firms. Journal of economic literature, 36(4), 1947-1982.
  • Dalgıç, B., Fazlıoğlu, B., ve Karaoğlan, D. (2015). Entry to foreign markets and productivity: evidence from a matched sample of Turkish manufacturing firms. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 24(5), 638-659.
  • Dincer, N. ve Tekin-Koru. A. (2019). An anatomy of productivity in Turkey in the AKP era through a political economy lens. University Library of Munich. Germany, (No. 96844).
  • Fazlıoğlu, B., Dalgıç, B., ve Yereli, A.B. (2019). The effect of innovation on productivity: evidence from Turkish manufacturing firms. Industry and Innovation, 26(4), 439-460.
  • Lenger, A. ve Taymaz, E. (2006). To innovate or to transfer?. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 16(1-2), 137-153.
  • Karaca, Z. (2018). Research, innovation and productivity: an econometric analysis at the manufacturing sector in Turkey. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 19(2), 44-56.
  • Maggioni, D. (2012). Learning by exporting in Turkey: an investigation for existence and channels. Global Economy Journal, 12(2), 1850262.
  • Melitz, M.J. (2003). The impact of trade on intra‐industry reallocations and aggregate industry productivity. Econometrica, 71(6), 1695-1725.
  • Osborne, G., ve Javid, S. (2015). Fixing the foundations: creating a more prosperous nation. Erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/fixing-the-foundations-creating-a-more-prosperous-nation.
  • Pamukcu, T. ve Demeulemeester, J.L. (2002). Foreign direct investment and wages: is there a link?”. communication presented to the Applied Econometrics Association Conference: The Econometrics of Wages. 28-29 May 2002. Université Libre de Bruxelles. Brussels. Belgium. Pamukcu, T. ve Taymaz, E. (2009). Spillovers in the MENA region: the case of Turkey. In Economic Research Forum for the Arab Countries Iran and Turkey (ERF) Working Paper Series, No: (Vol. 463).
  • Taymaz, E. ve Suiçmez, H. (2005). Türkiye’de verimlilik, büyüme ve kriz, Türkiye Ekonomi Kurumu Tartışma Metni, No: 2005/4.
  • Tumen, S. (2016). The economic impact of Syrian refugees on host countries: quasi-experimental evidence from Turkey. American Economic Review, 106(5), 456-60.
  • Şenalp, B. ve Şenalp, UE. (2019). 1994 krizi ve emek verimliliğine etkileri. T. Münyas (Ed.), Türkiye’nin ekonomik krizleri, (s. 193-209), İstanbul, Okan Üniversitesi Yayını
  • Ulku, H., ve Pamukcu, M.T. (2015). The impact of R&D and knowledge diffusion on the productivity of manufacturing firms in Turkey. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 44 (1), 79–95.
  • Voyvoda, E., ve Yeldan, A.E. (2001). Patterns of productivity growth and the wage cycle in Turkish manufacturing. International Review of Applied Economics, 15(4), 375-396.
  • Yasar, M., ve Rejesus, R.M. (2005). Exporting status and firm performance: evidence from a matched sample. Economics Letters, 88(3),397-402.
  • Yasar, M., ve Paul, C.J.M. (2007). International linkages and productivity at the plant level: foreign direct investment, exports, imports and licensing. Journal of International Economics, 71(2), 373-388.

Labour Productivity in Turkish Manufacturing

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: 1, 93 - 108, 18.04.2021

Abstract

This study aims to examine labour productivity change in Turkish Manufacturing over the period 2009-2018. We analyse the progress of labour productivity at both sectoral and regional level by using a panel dataset constructed from Annual Business Registers Framework data provided us by TURKSTAT. We show that labour productivity increased 8% on average over the 10 years we observe. We also show that “Manufacture of coke, and refined petroleum products”, "Manufacture of chemicals" and "Manufacture of tobacco products" have the highest labour productivity rates. Finally, the regional analysis highlights that the most productive regions are TR10 (İstanbul sub-region), TR51 (Ankara sub-region), TRC3 (Mardin sub-region), TRC2 (Şanlıurfa sub-region) and TRC1 (Gaziantep sub-region). Besides, we show that Mardin sub-region and Gaziantep sub-region enjoyed higher level of productivity growth compared to other regions after 2012.

References

  • Akcigit, U., Akgunduz, Y.E., Cilasun, S.M., Ozcan-Tok, E. ve Yilmaz, F. (2020). Facts on business dynamism in Turkey, European Economic Review, vol. 128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103490
  • Aldan, A. ve Gunay, M. (2008). Entry to export markets and productivity: analysis of matched firms in Turkey. The Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, Research and Monetary Policy Department. Working paper no. 08/05.
  • Ayvaz, Y., Baldemi̇r, E. ve Ürüt, S. (2006). Yabancı sermaye yatırımlarının verimlilik ve kalkınmaya etkilerinin ekonometrik incelemesi. Yönetim ve Ekonomi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 13(1), 177-186.
  • Caves, R.E. (1998). Industrial organization and new findings on the turnover and mobility of firms. Journal of economic literature, 36(4), 1947-1982.
  • Dalgıç, B., Fazlıoğlu, B., ve Karaoğlan, D. (2015). Entry to foreign markets and productivity: evidence from a matched sample of Turkish manufacturing firms. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 24(5), 638-659.
  • Dincer, N. ve Tekin-Koru. A. (2019). An anatomy of productivity in Turkey in the AKP era through a political economy lens. University Library of Munich. Germany, (No. 96844).
  • Fazlıoğlu, B., Dalgıç, B., ve Yereli, A.B. (2019). The effect of innovation on productivity: evidence from Turkish manufacturing firms. Industry and Innovation, 26(4), 439-460.
  • Lenger, A. ve Taymaz, E. (2006). To innovate or to transfer?. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 16(1-2), 137-153.
  • Karaca, Z. (2018). Research, innovation and productivity: an econometric analysis at the manufacturing sector in Turkey. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 19(2), 44-56.
  • Maggioni, D. (2012). Learning by exporting in Turkey: an investigation for existence and channels. Global Economy Journal, 12(2), 1850262.
  • Melitz, M.J. (2003). The impact of trade on intra‐industry reallocations and aggregate industry productivity. Econometrica, 71(6), 1695-1725.
  • Osborne, G., ve Javid, S. (2015). Fixing the foundations: creating a more prosperous nation. Erişim tarihi: 10 Eylül 2020, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/fixing-the-foundations-creating-a-more-prosperous-nation.
  • Pamukcu, T. ve Demeulemeester, J.L. (2002). Foreign direct investment and wages: is there a link?”. communication presented to the Applied Econometrics Association Conference: The Econometrics of Wages. 28-29 May 2002. Université Libre de Bruxelles. Brussels. Belgium. Pamukcu, T. ve Taymaz, E. (2009). Spillovers in the MENA region: the case of Turkey. In Economic Research Forum for the Arab Countries Iran and Turkey (ERF) Working Paper Series, No: (Vol. 463).
  • Taymaz, E. ve Suiçmez, H. (2005). Türkiye’de verimlilik, büyüme ve kriz, Türkiye Ekonomi Kurumu Tartışma Metni, No: 2005/4.
  • Tumen, S. (2016). The economic impact of Syrian refugees on host countries: quasi-experimental evidence from Turkey. American Economic Review, 106(5), 456-60.
  • Şenalp, B. ve Şenalp, UE. (2019). 1994 krizi ve emek verimliliğine etkileri. T. Münyas (Ed.), Türkiye’nin ekonomik krizleri, (s. 193-209), İstanbul, Okan Üniversitesi Yayını
  • Ulku, H., ve Pamukcu, M.T. (2015). The impact of R&D and knowledge diffusion on the productivity of manufacturing firms in Turkey. Journal of Productivity Analysis, 44 (1), 79–95.
  • Voyvoda, E., ve Yeldan, A.E. (2001). Patterns of productivity growth and the wage cycle in Turkish manufacturing. International Review of Applied Economics, 15(4), 375-396.
  • Yasar, M., ve Rejesus, R.M. (2005). Exporting status and firm performance: evidence from a matched sample. Economics Letters, 88(3),397-402.
  • Yasar, M., ve Paul, C.J.M. (2007). International linkages and productivity at the plant level: foreign direct investment, exports, imports and licensing. Journal of International Economics, 71(2), 373-388.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Main Section
Authors

Burcu Şenalp 0000-0003-1289-9888

Umut Erksan Şenalp 0000-0003-0261-3700

Publication Date April 18, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 23 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Şenalp, B., & Şenalp, U. E. (2021). Türkiye İmalat Sanayinde Emek Verimliliği. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(1), 93-108.