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Sürdürülebilir Girişimci Ağına Kavramsal ve Makroekonomik Yaklaşım: Amerika Özelinde Bir Endeks Çalışması

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 337 - 362, 30.08.2021

Abstract

Literatürde, girişimci ağı kavramının salt “ağ/network” kavramı ile ilişkilendirilmesinden kaynaklı boşluk kavramın somut şekilde anlaşılmasını güçleştirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, “sürdürülebilir girişimci ağı” kavramını literatüre katmak için tanımsal bir çerçeve çizmek, bu kavramı formüller kullanarak ölçülebilir hale getirmek, örnek ülke özelinde endeks oluşturmak ve kavramın makroekonomi ile ilişkisini ortaya koymaktır. Yöntemsel olarak sürdürülebilir girişimci ağı girişimcilik kültürü, girişimci ağı ve evrimsel döngü unsurları çerçevesinde tanımlanmaktadır. Teorik arka planda literatürde yer alan Network Teorisi ve Ürün Yaşam Döngüsü Yaklaşımlarından esinlenilmiştir. Sürdürülebilir girişimci ağı tanımsal çerçeveden yola çıkarak dört evrede matematiksel formüllerle ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen göstergeler alt endekse dönüştürülmüş ve HDI metodolojisi kullanılarak Sürdürülebilir Girişimci Ağı Endeksi (SGAE) elde edilmiştir. Çoklu doğrusal bağlantı problemini ortadan kaldırmak amacıyla SGAE hem aritmetik ortalama (ağırlıklandırılmamış- AO) hem de Temel Bileşenler Analizi (ağırlıklandırılmış- PCA) yöntemleriyle hesaplanmıştır. 0-1 aralığında hesaplanan endeks değerlerine göre 1980-2014 dönemi içerisinde sürdürülebilir girişimci ağı endeksinde ağırlıklı olarak istikrar gözlenmiştir. En yüksek düzeyde olduğu yıl 0,73’lük oranla 1997 yılı olmuştur. 1980 yılı ise sürdürülebilir girişimci ağının 0.27’lik oranla en düşük olduğu yıldır. Sürdürülebilir girişimci ağının makroekonomi ile olan ilişkisi literatürden faydalanarak teorik bir çerçevede açıklanmıştır. Kavramın makroekonomiyle olan ilişkisi dört evreden oluşan kurumsal etki aracılığı ile açık şekilde kurulabilmiştir.

References

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  • 15. Granovetter, Mark S. (1973). The Strenghtg of Weak Ties. The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 78, No. 6. (May, 1973), pp. 1360-1380.
  • 16. Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Camp, S. M. ve Sexton, D. L. (2001). Strategic entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial strategies for wealth creation, Strategic Management Journal, 22 (Special Issue), pp. 479–491.
  • 17. Hoag, H. and Antoncic, B. (2003) “Network-Based Research in Entrepreneurship: A Critical Review,” Journal of Business Venturing 18(2).
  • 18. Hornsby, J. S. , Montagno, R. V. , & Kuratko, D. F. (1992) Critical organizational elements in corporate entrepreneurship: An empirical study. Academy of Management.
  • 19. King, R. ve Levine R. (2013). Finance, Entrepreneurship and Growth Theory and Evidence.Journal of Monetary Economics. 32(3). p: 513-542
  • 20. Lee, D. Y. Ve Tsang E. W. (2001). The Effects of Entrepreneurial Personality Bacground and Network Activities on Venture Growth. Journal of Management Studies 38 (4). p. 583-602.
  • 21. Michelacci, C., 2003. Low Returns İn R And D Due To The Lack Of Entrepreneurial Skills. Economic Journal 113, 207–225.
  • 22. Miller D, Freisen P.H. (1982). A Longitudinal Study Of The Corporate Life Cycle. Management Science, 30, 1161-1183.
  • 23. Minguzzi A. Ve Passaro R. (2001). The Network of Relationship Between the Economic Environment and the Entrepreneurial Culture in Small Firms. Journal of Business Venturing. 16. p.181-207.
  • 24. Minniti, M., 2004. Organization Alertness And Asymmetric İnformation in A Spin-Glass Model. Journal Of Business Venturing 19 (5), 637–658.
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  • 30. Wang, L. C. (2014). Entrepreneurial Learning: Past research and Future Challanges. International Journal of Management Reviews . 16 (1). p: 24-61.
Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 337 - 362, 30.08.2021

Abstract

References

  • 1. Audretsch, D. B., & Thurik, A. R. (2004). The Model Of The Entrepreneurial Economy. Interna-Tional Journal Of Entrepreneurship Education, 2(2), 143–166.
  • 2. Borgatti, S. P., & Foster, P. C. (2003). The Network Paradigm in Organizational Research: A Review And Typology. Journal Of Management, 29(6), 991–1013.
  • 3. Buchanan, J. M. (1980). Rent Seeking And Profit Seeking. In J. M. Buchanan, R. D. Tollison & G. Tullock (Eds.), Toward A Theory Of The Rent-Seeking Society (Pp. 3–15). College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
  • 4. Carree, M. A. 2002. Industrial Restructuring And Economic Growth. Small Business Economics, 18: 243–255
  • 5. Carree, M., A. van Stel ve R. Thurik (2005). The Effect Of Entreprenurial Activity On National Economic Growth. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 311–321.
  • 6. Carree, M., A. van Stel, R. Thurik and S. Wennekers, 2002, Economic Development And Business Ownership: An Analysis Using Data Of 23 OECD Countries İn The Period 1976-1996, Small Business Economics 19, 271-290.
  • 7. Djankov, S., Qian, Y., Roland, G., Zhuravskaya, E., 2006. Who are China's entrepreneurs? American Economic Review 96 (2), 348–352
  • 8. Dunning, J. (1993). Multinational Enterprises And The Global Economy. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
  • 9. Dunning, J. (1998). The eclectic paradigm of international production: A restatement and some possible extensions. Journal of International Business Studies, Spring: 1-31.
  • 10. Ebert, J. Ronald and Griffin, W. Ricky. Business Essentials. 11th ed. Pearson Education. Ltd. 2016.
  • 11. Eisenhardt K.M., Schoonhoven C.B. (1996), Resource-Based View Of Strategic Alliance Formation: Strategic And Social Effects İn Entrepreneurial fi Rms, „Organizational Science”, Vol. 7.
  • 12. Emin Benli, H. (2017). Yargı Sisteminin Etkin İşleyişi ve Ekonomik Büyüme. Orion Yayınları, Ankara.
  • 13. Flamholtz, E. (2001). “Corporate Culture and the Bottom Line”. European Management Journal,19 (3), 268-275.
  • 14. Flamholtz, E. ve Narasimhan, R. K. (2005). Differential Impact of Cultural Elements of Financial Performance. European Management Journal 23 (1). p: 50-64.
  • 15. Granovetter, Mark S. (1973). The Strenghtg of Weak Ties. The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 78, No. 6. (May, 1973), pp. 1360-1380.
  • 16. Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Camp, S. M. ve Sexton, D. L. (2001). Strategic entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial strategies for wealth creation, Strategic Management Journal, 22 (Special Issue), pp. 479–491.
  • 17. Hoag, H. and Antoncic, B. (2003) “Network-Based Research in Entrepreneurship: A Critical Review,” Journal of Business Venturing 18(2).
  • 18. Hornsby, J. S. , Montagno, R. V. , & Kuratko, D. F. (1992) Critical organizational elements in corporate entrepreneurship: An empirical study. Academy of Management.
  • 19. King, R. ve Levine R. (2013). Finance, Entrepreneurship and Growth Theory and Evidence.Journal of Monetary Economics. 32(3). p: 513-542
  • 20. Lee, D. Y. Ve Tsang E. W. (2001). The Effects of Entrepreneurial Personality Bacground and Network Activities on Venture Growth. Journal of Management Studies 38 (4). p. 583-602.
  • 21. Michelacci, C., 2003. Low Returns İn R And D Due To The Lack Of Entrepreneurial Skills. Economic Journal 113, 207–225.
  • 22. Miller D, Freisen P.H. (1982). A Longitudinal Study Of The Corporate Life Cycle. Management Science, 30, 1161-1183.
  • 23. Minguzzi A. Ve Passaro R. (2001). The Network of Relationship Between the Economic Environment and the Entrepreneurial Culture in Small Firms. Journal of Business Venturing. 16. p.181-207.
  • 24. Minniti, M., 2004. Organization Alertness And Asymmetric İnformation in A Spin-Glass Model. Journal Of Business Venturing 19 (5), 637–658.
  • 25. Minniti, M., 2005. Entrepreneurship And Network Externalities. Journal Of Economic Behavior And Organization 57 (1), 1–27
  • 26. Mueller Denis, A Life Cycle Theory Of The Firms,Journal Of Industrial Economics ,1972, 20 (3), 199-219.
  • 27. Peprah, J. A. (2013). Sustainable Entrepreneurship: The Role Of Networking, University Of Cape Coast.
  • 28. Raymond Vernon, International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 80, Issue 2, May 1966, Pages 190–207,
  • 29. Tervo, H., 2006. Regional Unemployment, Self-Employment And Family Background. Applied Economics 38 (9), 1055–1062.
  • 30. Wang, L. C. (2014). Entrepreneurial Learning: Past research and Future Challanges. International Journal of Management Reviews . 16 (1). p: 24-61.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Main Section
Authors

Hande Emin Benli 0000-0002-9980-3713

Publication Date August 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 23 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Emin Benli, H. (2021). Sürdürülebilir Girişimci Ağına Kavramsal ve Makroekonomik Yaklaşım: Amerika Özelinde Bir Endeks Çalışması. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(2), 337-362.