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Nitelik Uyuşmazlığı Nedeniyle İş Aramamanın Sosyoekonomik Faktörlerle İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 313 - 336, 30.08.2021

Abstract

Türkiye işgücü piyasasında işgücü arz ve talebi arasındaki nitelik ve/veya beceri uyuşmazlığı, kendi niteliklerine göre bir iş bulamayacaklarını düşünenlerin iş aramaması sonucunu da beraberinde getirmektedir. Umudu kırılmışların yaklaşık olarak yarısını oluşturan bu grubun varlığı önemli bir kaynak kullanım etkinsizliği nedenidir ve kalıcı olarak işgücünün dışında kalması, işgücü piyasası ve ekonominin geneli için bir tehdit unsuru oluşturmaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışmanın amacı, işgücü niteliği uyumsuzluğu nedeniyle iş aramama ile bireyin ve hanenin sosyoekonomik faktörleri arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konmasıdır. Bu ilişki, çalışmada harcanabilir hane geliri bilgisini de içeren 2015-2017 dönemi TÜİK Hanehalkı Bütçe Anketi ham verileri kullanılarak lojistik regresyon yöntemi ile incelenmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, kişinin yaşının, sağlık sigortası kapsamında olmasının, hanede yer alan çocuk sayısının ve hanede kişi başına düşen yıllık reel harcanabilir gelir düzeyinin nitelik uyuşmazlığı nedeniyle iş aramama olasılığını artırdığını, kişinin evli olması, daha eğitimli olmasının ve kadın olmasının ise bu olasılığı azalttığını göstermektedir.

References

  • Aldan, A. (2018). Essays on Turkish Labor Market, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Hacettepe University Graduate School of Social Sciences, Department of Economics, Ankara.
  • Aşık, G. (2013). İşgücü piyasalarının göz ardı edilen sorunları: eksik istihdam, atıl istihdam ve beceri uyuşmazlığı, Politika Notu No: 201341, Türkiye Ekonomi Politikaları Araştırma Vakfı.
  • Başlevent, C., ve Onaran, Ö. (2003). Are married women in Turkey more likely to become added or discouraged workers? Labour, 17(3), 439-458.
  • Benati, L. (2001). Some empirical evidence on the ‘discouraged worker’ effect. Economics Letters, 70(3), 387-395.
  • Benhabib, J., ve Bull, C. (1983). Job search: The choice of intensity. Journal of Political Economy, 91(5), 747-764.
  • Bloemen, H. G. (2005). Job search, search intensity, and labor market transitions an empirical analysis. Journal of Human resources, 40(1), 232-269.
  • Blundell, R., Ham, J., ve Meghir, C. (1998). Unemployment, discouraged workers and female labour supply. Research in Economics, 52(2), 103-131.
  • Burdett, K. ve Mortensen, D. (1978). Labor supply under uncertainty. Discussion Paper, No. 297, Northwestern University, Kellogg School of Management, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science, Evanston, IL.
  • Cahuc, P. ve Zylberberg, A. (2004) Labor economics, Cambridge: The MIT Press.
  • Clark, K. B., & Summers, L. H. (1982). Labour force participation: timing and persistence. The Review of Economic Studies, 49(5), 825-844.
  • Currie, J., ve Madrian, B. C. (1999). Health, health insurance and the labor market. O. Ashenfelter, R. Layard, D. Card (Ed.), Handbook of labor economics 3.Cilt, ss. 3309-3416. Elsevier.
  • Flinn, C. J., ve Heckman, J. J. (1983). Are unemployment and out of the labor force behaviorally distinct labor force states?. Journal of Labor Economics, 1(1), 28-42.
  • Goodman, J. L. (1974). Spectral analysis of the dependence of labor force participation on unemployment and wages. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 56(3), 390-393.
  • Gürbüz, A. A., Polat, S., ve Ulus, M. (2014). In Limbo: Exploring transition to discouragement. The European Journal of Development Research, 26(4), 527-551.
  • Hansen, W. L. (1961). The cyclical sensitivity of the labor supply. The American Economic Review, 51(3), 299-309.
  • Hosmer, D. W. ve Lemeshow, S. (2000). Applied Logistic Regression, Second Edition, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • ILO (2021). Population and Labour Force Statistics Database, ILOSTAT, , Erişim tarihi: 02.02.2021,https://www.ilo.org/shinyapps/bulkexplorer29/?lang=en&segment=indicator&id=EIP_WDIS_SEX_AGE_NB_A
  • İŞKUR (2018). 2018 işgücü piyasasi araştirmasi Türkiye raporu. Erişim tarihi: 06.02.2021, https://media.iskur.gov.tr/22554/2018-yili-turkiye-geneli-ipa-raporu.pdf
  • Kalkınma Bakanlığı (2014). Onuncu Kalkınma Planı İstihdam ve Çalışma Hayatı Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu. Erişim tarihi: 04.02.2021, https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/10_IstihdamveCalismaHayati.pdf
  • Kanapathy, R ve Baharo, A.H. (2013). A review of unemployment and labor force participation rate: evidence from Sweden, United States and urban China. International Business Management, 54(A), 12754-12758.
  • Karaoglan, D. (2009). Discouraged workers and the dominance of added worker effect: the case of Turkey (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Department of Economics, Bilkent University, Ankara.
  • Karaoglan, D., ve Okten, C. (2015). Labor-force participation of married women in Turkey: A study of the added-worker effect and the discouraged-worker effect. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 51(1), 274-290.
  • Mincer, J., (1966). “Labor-force participation and unemployment: a review of recent evidence”, R.A. Gordon, H.S. Gordon (Ed.), Prosperity and unemployment. New York: Wiley.
  • Mortensen, D. T. (1986). Job search and labor market analysis. O. Ashenfelter, R. Layard, D. Card (Ed.), Handbook of labor economics 2.Cilt, ss. 849-919. Elsevier.
  • International Labour Organization. (2021). ILOSTAT database [Labour Force Statistics]. Erişim tarihi: 16.01.2021, https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/
  • OECD (2021). OECD İşgücü Uyuşmazlığı Endeksi, Erişim tarihi: 31.01.2021 https://stats.oecd.org/
  • Perry, G. L., Wachter, M. L., Eckstein, O., ve Clark, P. K. (1977). Potential output and productivity. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1977(1), 11-60.
  • Schweitzer, S. O., ve Smith, R. E. (1974). The persistence of the discouraged worker effect. ILR Review, 27(2), 249-260.
  • Tella, A. (1965). Labor force sensitivity to employment by age, sex. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 4(2), 69-83.
  • TÜİK HBA Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Hanehalkı Bütçe Anketi Mikro Verileri.
  • TÜİK HİA Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Hanehalkı İşgücü Anketi Mikro Verileri.
  • TÜİK (2021a) TÜİK istatistiki tablolar meta veri. Erişim tarihi: 21.01.2021, https://tuikweb.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1007
  • TÜİK (2021b) TÜİK işgücü istatistikleri haber bülteni, Sayı: 37485. Erişim tarihi: 07.02.2021, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Isgucu-Istatistikleri-Ekim-2020-37485
  • Winkelmann, L., ve Winkelmann, R. (1998). Why are the unemployed so unhappy? Evidence from panel data. Economica, 65(257), 1-15.

The Relationship of not to Search Jobs Due to Qualification Mismatch and Socioeconomic Factors: Turkish Case

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 313 - 336, 30.08.2021

Abstract

Qualification and/or skill mismatch between the labor supply and demand brings up the state of not to search jobs for those who don’t believe there are no jobs matching their qualifications. The presence of those who don’t search for jobs because of the qualification mismatch which constitutes almost half of the discouraged workers in the Turkish labor market is also a cause of a substantial inefficiency issue of the allocation of the resources. A permanent disengagement of this group from the labor force constitutes a risk for the labor market and the whole economy as well. This paper aims to reveal the relationship between not seeking a job due to the qualification mismatch and the socioeconomic factors of the individual as well as of the household. The relationship is analyzed with a logistic regression using TÜİK Household Budget Survey microdata for the period 2005-2017 which involves information about the household’s disposable income level. The results show that an individual’s age, being under health insurance coverage, the number of children in the household, and the level of average per-capita disposable annual real income in the household is associated with a higher probability of not seeking jobs due to labor qualification mismatch. Besides, being a female, being married and higher education is associated with a lower probability.

References

  • Aldan, A. (2018). Essays on Turkish Labor Market, (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Hacettepe University Graduate School of Social Sciences, Department of Economics, Ankara.
  • Aşık, G. (2013). İşgücü piyasalarının göz ardı edilen sorunları: eksik istihdam, atıl istihdam ve beceri uyuşmazlığı, Politika Notu No: 201341, Türkiye Ekonomi Politikaları Araştırma Vakfı.
  • Başlevent, C., ve Onaran, Ö. (2003). Are married women in Turkey more likely to become added or discouraged workers? Labour, 17(3), 439-458.
  • Benati, L. (2001). Some empirical evidence on the ‘discouraged worker’ effect. Economics Letters, 70(3), 387-395.
  • Benhabib, J., ve Bull, C. (1983). Job search: The choice of intensity. Journal of Political Economy, 91(5), 747-764.
  • Bloemen, H. G. (2005). Job search, search intensity, and labor market transitions an empirical analysis. Journal of Human resources, 40(1), 232-269.
  • Blundell, R., Ham, J., ve Meghir, C. (1998). Unemployment, discouraged workers and female labour supply. Research in Economics, 52(2), 103-131.
  • Burdett, K. ve Mortensen, D. (1978). Labor supply under uncertainty. Discussion Paper, No. 297, Northwestern University, Kellogg School of Management, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science, Evanston, IL.
  • Cahuc, P. ve Zylberberg, A. (2004) Labor economics, Cambridge: The MIT Press.
  • Clark, K. B., & Summers, L. H. (1982). Labour force participation: timing and persistence. The Review of Economic Studies, 49(5), 825-844.
  • Currie, J., ve Madrian, B. C. (1999). Health, health insurance and the labor market. O. Ashenfelter, R. Layard, D. Card (Ed.), Handbook of labor economics 3.Cilt, ss. 3309-3416. Elsevier.
  • Flinn, C. J., ve Heckman, J. J. (1983). Are unemployment and out of the labor force behaviorally distinct labor force states?. Journal of Labor Economics, 1(1), 28-42.
  • Goodman, J. L. (1974). Spectral analysis of the dependence of labor force participation on unemployment and wages. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 56(3), 390-393.
  • Gürbüz, A. A., Polat, S., ve Ulus, M. (2014). In Limbo: Exploring transition to discouragement. The European Journal of Development Research, 26(4), 527-551.
  • Hansen, W. L. (1961). The cyclical sensitivity of the labor supply. The American Economic Review, 51(3), 299-309.
  • Hosmer, D. W. ve Lemeshow, S. (2000). Applied Logistic Regression, Second Edition, New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • ILO (2021). Population and Labour Force Statistics Database, ILOSTAT, , Erişim tarihi: 02.02.2021,https://www.ilo.org/shinyapps/bulkexplorer29/?lang=en&segment=indicator&id=EIP_WDIS_SEX_AGE_NB_A
  • İŞKUR (2018). 2018 işgücü piyasasi araştirmasi Türkiye raporu. Erişim tarihi: 06.02.2021, https://media.iskur.gov.tr/22554/2018-yili-turkiye-geneli-ipa-raporu.pdf
  • Kalkınma Bakanlığı (2014). Onuncu Kalkınma Planı İstihdam ve Çalışma Hayatı Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu. Erişim tarihi: 04.02.2021, https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/10_IstihdamveCalismaHayati.pdf
  • Kanapathy, R ve Baharo, A.H. (2013). A review of unemployment and labor force participation rate: evidence from Sweden, United States and urban China. International Business Management, 54(A), 12754-12758.
  • Karaoglan, D. (2009). Discouraged workers and the dominance of added worker effect: the case of Turkey (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi), Department of Economics, Bilkent University, Ankara.
  • Karaoglan, D., ve Okten, C. (2015). Labor-force participation of married women in Turkey: A study of the added-worker effect and the discouraged-worker effect. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 51(1), 274-290.
  • Mincer, J., (1966). “Labor-force participation and unemployment: a review of recent evidence”, R.A. Gordon, H.S. Gordon (Ed.), Prosperity and unemployment. New York: Wiley.
  • Mortensen, D. T. (1986). Job search and labor market analysis. O. Ashenfelter, R. Layard, D. Card (Ed.), Handbook of labor economics 2.Cilt, ss. 849-919. Elsevier.
  • International Labour Organization. (2021). ILOSTAT database [Labour Force Statistics]. Erişim tarihi: 16.01.2021, https://ilostat.ilo.org/data/
  • OECD (2021). OECD İşgücü Uyuşmazlığı Endeksi, Erişim tarihi: 31.01.2021 https://stats.oecd.org/
  • Perry, G. L., Wachter, M. L., Eckstein, O., ve Clark, P. K. (1977). Potential output and productivity. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 1977(1), 11-60.
  • Schweitzer, S. O., ve Smith, R. E. (1974). The persistence of the discouraged worker effect. ILR Review, 27(2), 249-260.
  • Tella, A. (1965). Labor force sensitivity to employment by age, sex. Industrial Relations: A Journal of Economy and Society, 4(2), 69-83.
  • TÜİK HBA Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Hanehalkı Bütçe Anketi Mikro Verileri.
  • TÜİK HİA Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu, Hanehalkı İşgücü Anketi Mikro Verileri.
  • TÜİK (2021a) TÜİK istatistiki tablolar meta veri. Erişim tarihi: 21.01.2021, https://tuikweb.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1007
  • TÜİK (2021b) TÜİK işgücü istatistikleri haber bülteni, Sayı: 37485. Erişim tarihi: 07.02.2021, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Isgucu-Istatistikleri-Ekim-2020-37485
  • Winkelmann, L., ve Winkelmann, R. (1998). Why are the unemployed so unhappy? Evidence from panel data. Economica, 65(257), 1-15.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Main Section
Authors

Gokhan Aykac 0000-0002-7993-9402

Publication Date August 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 23 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Aykac, G. (2021). Nitelik Uyuşmazlığı Nedeniyle İş Aramamanın Sosyoekonomik Faktörlerle İlişkisi: Türkiye Örneği. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(2), 313-336.