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Gen Z as a neoliberal subject

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 509 - 530, 30.08.2021

Abstract

Gen Z is the generation involving individuals who were born years between 1996-2000. Gen Z is a particular concern of sociologists, educators, politicians, and employers since it has given a mission to change the world, to change the future. Thus, it has become a crucial subject of social researches and social analyses. The most important feature that distinguishes Gen Z from other generations is considered as their birth in a global, digital age. The discussions of Generation Z revolve around globalization, digitalization, and entrepreneurship. In this study, the focus will be directed to neoliberalism. It will be argued that Gen Z was born when neoliberalism becomes the norm and the members of this generation are mainly neoliberal subjects. Gen Z, through internalizing the neoliberal principles of competition and rivalry, becomes an entrepreneur of the self. At the same time, Gen Z embodies the precariousness and risk that are normalized by neoliberalism. To put it briefly, Gen Z will be discussed around the concept of neoliberal rationality and neoliberal subject.

References

  • Bauman, Z. (2002). Community: Seeking safety in an insecure world. Blackwell Publishing Inc.
  • Bauman, Z. (2013). Liquid modernity. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Beck, U. (1992). Risk society: Towards a new modernity. Vol. 17. Sage.
  • Berger, B. M. (1960). How long is a generation?. The British Journal of Sociology, 11(1), 10-23.
  • Coleman, W., ve Sajed, A. (2013). Fifty key thinkers on globalization. Routledge.
  • Dardot, P., ve Laval, C. (2018). Dünyanın yeni aklı: neoliberal toplum üzerine deneme. (I. Ergüden, Çev) Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Esping-Andersen, G. (1992). Post-industrial class structures: an analytical framework. Instituto Juan March de estudios e Investigaciones.
  • Eyerman, R., ve Turner, B. S. (1998). Outline of a theory of generations. European Journal of Social Theory, 1(1), 91-106.
  • Foucault, M. (2015). Biyopolitikanın doğuşu. (A. Tayla, Çev). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi.
  • Gaidhani, S., Arora, L., ve Sharma, B. K. (2019). Understanding the attitude of generation Z towards workplace. International Journal of Management, Technology and Engineering, 9(1), 2804-2812.
  • Giddens, A. (1991). The consequences of modernity. Polity Press.
  • Gros, F. (2015). Is there a biopolitical subject? Foucault and the birth of biopolitics (S. Bankston, Çev.). Biopower (ss. 259-273). University of Chicago Press.
  • Hardt, M., ve Negri, A. (2012). Declaration. New York, NY: Argo Navis.
  • Harvey, D. (2007). A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford University Press, USA.
  • Iorgulescu, M. C. (2016). Generation Z and its perception of work. Cross-Cultural Management Journal 18(01), 47-54.
  • Kertzer, D. I. (1983). Generation as a sociological problem. Annual review of sociology, 9(1), 125-149.
  • Kuran, E. (2021). Z-bir kuşağı anlamak. İstanbul:Mundi Kitap Can Sanat Yayınları.
  • Lemke, T. (2002). Foucault, governmentality, and critique. Rethinking marxism, 14(3), 49-64.
  • Mannheim, K. (2018). Kuşaklar problemi. Bilgi Sosyolojisi. (M. Yalçınkaya, Çev). (ss. 313-368) Pinhan Yayıncılık.
  • McCrindle, M., ve Wolfinger, E. (2009). The ABC of XYZ: Understanding the global generations. UNSW Press Book.
  • Miller, P., ve Rose, N. (2008). Governing the present: Administering economic, social and personal life. Polity.
  • Mills, M., ve Blossfeld, H. P. (2006). Globalization, uncertainty and the early life course. Globalization, uncertainty and youth in society: the losers in a globalizing world, (ss. 1-23). Routledge.
  • Ozkan, M., ve Solmaz, B. (2015). The changing face of the employees–generation Z and their perceptions of work (a study applied to university students). Procedia Economics and Finance, 26, 476-483.
  • Rose, N. (1996). Governing “advanced” liberal democracies. Foucault and Political Reason. (ss.37-64). The University of Chicago Press.
  • Rose, N. (2007). The politics of life itself: Biomedicine, power, and subjectivity in the twenty-first century. Princeton University Press.
  • Rose, N., ve Miller, P. (1992). Political power beyond the state: Problematics of government. British journal of sociology, 173-205.
  • Singh, A. (2014). Challenges and issues of generation Z. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(7), 59-63.
  • Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and social interest. The journal of individual Psychology, 71(2), 103-113.
  • Seemiller, C., ve Grace, M. (2018). Generation Z: A century in the making. Routledge.
  • Strauss, W., ve Howe, N. (1997). The fourth turning: What the cycles of history tell us about America's next rendezvous with destiny. Broadway Books.
  • Wood, E. M. (1997). Modernity, postmodernity or capitalism?. Review of International Political Economy, 4(3), 539-560.
  • Genç seçmen anketi. (26 Mart 2021). Erişim Tarihi 01.04.2021. Erişim adresi https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/genc-secmen-anketi-2023te-kime-oy-verecekler-galeri-1517285
  • Half, R. (2015). Get ready for generation. Erişim adresi https://www.roberthalf.ca/sites/roberthalf.ca/files/rh-images/robert_half_-_get_ready_for_gen_z_-_presentation.pdf
  • Kemp, S. (2021). Digital in Turkey. Erişim Tarihi 26.02.2021 Erişim adresi https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2021-turkey
  • Parker, K., İgielnik., R. On the cusp of adulthood and facing an uncertain future: What we know about gen Z. (14 Mayıs 2020). Erişim adresi https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/05/14/on-the-cusp-of-adulthood-and-facing-an-uncertain-future-what-we-know-about-gen-z-so-far-2/
  • Schawbel, D. (2014). 66 of the most interesting facts about gen Z. Erişim adresi https://danschawbel.com/blog/39-of-the-most-interesting-facts-about-generation-z/
  • Sosyal medya kullanıcıları: Türkiye ve dünyada son durum. (27 Nisan 2020). Erişim adresi https://journo.com.tr/instagram-twitter-facebook-snapchat-kullanici-sayisi-turkiye
  • Slavin, A. (2015). '5 tactics to reach and engage the next influential generation: GEN Z. Erişim adresi https://women2.com/2015/08/07/20150807engage-gen-z-users/

Neoliberal Özne Olarak Z Kuşağı

Year 2021, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 509 - 530, 30.08.2021

Abstract

1996-2010 yılları arasında doğan bireyleri tanımlamak için kullanılan Z Kuşağı son dönemlerde önemli bir çalışma konusu haline gelmiştir. Özellikle sosyologları, eğitimcileri, siyasetçileri ve işverenleri ilgilendiren Z Kuşağına geleceği değiştirme potansiyeli yüksek bir kuşak misyonu yüklenmiştir ve bu sebeple Z Kuşağı toplumsal analizlerin ve bu analizleri sağlayan çalışmaların öznesi haline gelmiştir. Küreselleşmenin ve teknolojinin içinde doğmaları onları diğer kuşaklardan ayıran en önemli özellik olarak gösterilen Z Kuşağı, bu çalışmada neoliberal özne olarak ele alınmaktadır. Neoliberalizmin norm haline geldiği dönemlerde doğan Z Kuşağı, rekabeti içselleştirip girişimci özne haline gelirken aynı zamanda neoliberalizmin olağanlaştırdığı güvencesizliği ve riski de bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Her ne kadar Z Kuşağı çalışmalarında küreselleşmenin etkilerine önemli bir yer verilse de var olan çalışmalarda neoliberalizme atıf neredeyse hiç bulunmamaktadır. İşte bu çalışmada, Z Kuşağını diğer kuşaklardan ayıran en önemli özelliğinin neoliberalizmin norm haline geldiği dönemde doğmaları olduğu ve bu kuşağın öznelerinin de neoliberal özne oldukları savunulacaktır. Küreselleşme, dijitalleşme ve girişimcilik ekseninde dönen Z Kuşağı tartışmalarında odak neoliberalizmin en temel ilkelerine yani rekabete ve insan sermayesinin arttırılmasına ve aynı zamanda neoliberalizmin öznesine yani girişimci benliğe çevrilecektir. Özetle bu çalışmada Z Kuşağı neoliberal rasyonalite ve neoliberal özne ekseninde tartışılacaktır.

References

  • Bauman, Z. (2002). Community: Seeking safety in an insecure world. Blackwell Publishing Inc.
  • Bauman, Z. (2013). Liquid modernity. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Beck, U. (1992). Risk society: Towards a new modernity. Vol. 17. Sage.
  • Berger, B. M. (1960). How long is a generation?. The British Journal of Sociology, 11(1), 10-23.
  • Coleman, W., ve Sajed, A. (2013). Fifty key thinkers on globalization. Routledge.
  • Dardot, P., ve Laval, C. (2018). Dünyanın yeni aklı: neoliberal toplum üzerine deneme. (I. Ergüden, Çev) Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Esping-Andersen, G. (1992). Post-industrial class structures: an analytical framework. Instituto Juan March de estudios e Investigaciones.
  • Eyerman, R., ve Turner, B. S. (1998). Outline of a theory of generations. European Journal of Social Theory, 1(1), 91-106.
  • Foucault, M. (2015). Biyopolitikanın doğuşu. (A. Tayla, Çev). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi.
  • Gaidhani, S., Arora, L., ve Sharma, B. K. (2019). Understanding the attitude of generation Z towards workplace. International Journal of Management, Technology and Engineering, 9(1), 2804-2812.
  • Giddens, A. (1991). The consequences of modernity. Polity Press.
  • Gros, F. (2015). Is there a biopolitical subject? Foucault and the birth of biopolitics (S. Bankston, Çev.). Biopower (ss. 259-273). University of Chicago Press.
  • Hardt, M., ve Negri, A. (2012). Declaration. New York, NY: Argo Navis.
  • Harvey, D. (2007). A brief history of neoliberalism. Oxford University Press, USA.
  • Iorgulescu, M. C. (2016). Generation Z and its perception of work. Cross-Cultural Management Journal 18(01), 47-54.
  • Kertzer, D. I. (1983). Generation as a sociological problem. Annual review of sociology, 9(1), 125-149.
  • Kuran, E. (2021). Z-bir kuşağı anlamak. İstanbul:Mundi Kitap Can Sanat Yayınları.
  • Lemke, T. (2002). Foucault, governmentality, and critique. Rethinking marxism, 14(3), 49-64.
  • Mannheim, K. (2018). Kuşaklar problemi. Bilgi Sosyolojisi. (M. Yalçınkaya, Çev). (ss. 313-368) Pinhan Yayıncılık.
  • McCrindle, M., ve Wolfinger, E. (2009). The ABC of XYZ: Understanding the global generations. UNSW Press Book.
  • Miller, P., ve Rose, N. (2008). Governing the present: Administering economic, social and personal life. Polity.
  • Mills, M., ve Blossfeld, H. P. (2006). Globalization, uncertainty and the early life course. Globalization, uncertainty and youth in society: the losers in a globalizing world, (ss. 1-23). Routledge.
  • Ozkan, M., ve Solmaz, B. (2015). The changing face of the employees–generation Z and their perceptions of work (a study applied to university students). Procedia Economics and Finance, 26, 476-483.
  • Rose, N. (1996). Governing “advanced” liberal democracies. Foucault and Political Reason. (ss.37-64). The University of Chicago Press.
  • Rose, N. (2007). The politics of life itself: Biomedicine, power, and subjectivity in the twenty-first century. Princeton University Press.
  • Rose, N., ve Miller, P. (1992). Political power beyond the state: Problematics of government. British journal of sociology, 173-205.
  • Singh, A. (2014). Challenges and issues of generation Z. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(7), 59-63.
  • Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and social interest. The journal of individual Psychology, 71(2), 103-113.
  • Seemiller, C., ve Grace, M. (2018). Generation Z: A century in the making. Routledge.
  • Strauss, W., ve Howe, N. (1997). The fourth turning: What the cycles of history tell us about America's next rendezvous with destiny. Broadway Books.
  • Wood, E. M. (1997). Modernity, postmodernity or capitalism?. Review of International Political Economy, 4(3), 539-560.
  • Genç seçmen anketi. (26 Mart 2021). Erişim Tarihi 01.04.2021. Erişim adresi https://www.gazeteduvar.com.tr/genc-secmen-anketi-2023te-kime-oy-verecekler-galeri-1517285
  • Half, R. (2015). Get ready for generation. Erişim adresi https://www.roberthalf.ca/sites/roberthalf.ca/files/rh-images/robert_half_-_get_ready_for_gen_z_-_presentation.pdf
  • Kemp, S. (2021). Digital in Turkey. Erişim Tarihi 26.02.2021 Erişim adresi https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2021-turkey
  • Parker, K., İgielnik., R. On the cusp of adulthood and facing an uncertain future: What we know about gen Z. (14 Mayıs 2020). Erişim adresi https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2020/05/14/on-the-cusp-of-adulthood-and-facing-an-uncertain-future-what-we-know-about-gen-z-so-far-2/
  • Schawbel, D. (2014). 66 of the most interesting facts about gen Z. Erişim adresi https://danschawbel.com/blog/39-of-the-most-interesting-facts-about-generation-z/
  • Sosyal medya kullanıcıları: Türkiye ve dünyada son durum. (27 Nisan 2020). Erişim adresi https://journo.com.tr/instagram-twitter-facebook-snapchat-kullanici-sayisi-turkiye
  • Slavin, A. (2015). '5 tactics to reach and engage the next influential generation: GEN Z. Erişim adresi https://women2.com/2015/08/07/20150807engage-gen-z-users/
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Main Section
Authors

Ayça Berna Görmez 0000-0002-5782-580X

Publication Date August 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 23 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Görmez, A. B. (2021). Neoliberal Özne Olarak Z Kuşağı. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(2), 509-530.