Küreselleşme Sürecinde Emperyalizm ve Hegemonya Olgularını Yeniden Düşünmek

Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 488 - 509, 27.08.2022

Bilal Karabulut , Şafak Oğuz

https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1100881

Abstract

Küreselleşme süreci insanoğlunun yaşayış, düşünüş ve davranış biçimlerinde değişim yaşanmasına sebep olan önemli bir olgudur. Yaşanan bu değişim süreci hiç kuşkusuz sosyal bilimlerin genelinde ve uluslararası ilişkiler disiplininde de kavram ve olguları yeniden düşünme gerekliliğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı; “küreselleşme süreci emperyalizm ve hegemonya olgularını değiştirmiş midir ve eğer değiştirdi ise, bu değişimin boyutu nedir?” sorunsalını analiz etmektir. Çalışmanın temel varsayımı; küreselleşme süreciyle birlikte emperyalizm ve hegemonya olgularının büyük çaplı bir yapısal değişime uğradığıdır. Bu varsayımın dayanağı ise geleneksel devlet merkezli bakış açısının küreselleşme sürecinin yarattığı değişimler nedeniyle emperyalizm ve hegemonya olgularını açıklamakta yetersiz kaldığıdır. Özellikle çok uluslu şirketler gibi devlet-dışı aktörlerin bu değişime öncülük ettiği söylenebilir. Yıllık bütçeleri, çalışan sayıları ve en önemlisi uluslararası ilişkilerdeki etkinlik ve belirleyicilik rolleri göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, orta ve uzun vadede emperyal ya da hegemon yapıların devletlerden ziyade çok uluslu şirketler olabileceği öngörülebilir. Çok uluslu şirketler bu yapısal dönüşümü tek başlarına değil, muhtemel bir öngörü ile gelişmiş ülkelerle birlikte yapacaktır. Bu kapsamda devletlere indirgenmiş olan emperyalizm ve hegemonya olgularının şekillenmesinde yeni ve güçlü bir aktör olarak başta çok uluslu şirketler olmak üzere diğer devlet-dışı aktörlerin de pay sahibi olacağı söylenebilir.

Keywords

Küreselleşme, Emperyalizm, Hegemonya, Çok Uluslu Şirketler, Devlet Dışı Aktörler

Rethinking Imperialism and Hegemonia in the Globalization Process

Abstract

The process of globalization is an important phenomenon that causes changes in the way of life, thinking and behavior of human beings. Undoubtedly, this process of change has revealed the necessity of rethinking concepts and phenomena in social sciences and in the discipline of international relations. The main purpose of this study; “Has the process of globalization changed the phenomena of imperialism and hegemony, and if so, what is the extent of this change?” to analyze the problem. The basic assumption of the study; With the globalization process, the phenomena of imperialism and hegemony have undergone a large-scale structural change. The basis of this assumption is that the traditional state-centered perspective is insufficient to explain the phenomena of imperialism and hegemony due to the changes created by the globalization process. It can be said that especially non-state actors such as multinational companies are leading this change. Considering their annual budgets, number of employees, and most importantly, their effectiveness and decisive role in international relations, it can be predicted that in the medium and long term, imperial or hegemon structures may be multinational corporations rather than states. Multinational companies will make this structural transformation not alone, but together with developed countries with a possible foresight. In this context, it can be said that other non-state actors, especially multinational companies, will have a share as a new and powerful actor in shaping the phenomena of imperialism and hegemony that have been reduced to states.

Keywords

Globalization, Imperialism, Hegemony, Multinational Corporations

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