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Dünya’nın En Tehlikeli Nükleer Santralinin Avrupa’nın Havası En Kirli Şehri Açısından Analizi

Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 827 - 846, 27.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1118533

Abstract

Metsamor Nükleer Santrali, Türk-Ermeni ilişkilerinde ara ara gündeme gelen, özellikle santralin bulunduğu bölge ve civarında yaşanan depremler sonrasında dikkatleri çeken bir konu olarak yerini korumaktadır. Ancak santral konusunda endişeli olan bir topluluk var ki hem endişeleri güncel hem de santrale karşı bakış açıları farklıdır: Iğdır halkı. Bu çalışmada, özellikle nükleer santrallerin çalışma prensipleri, taşıdığı riskler veya temiz enerji olarak adlandırılmasındaki hususlar incelenmiştir ki yanlış algılanan hususların daha anlaşılır olması sağlanmıştır. Iğdır ili 2021 yılında Avrupa’nın en kirli havasına sahip şehir olmuştur. Bu husus halkın hava kirliliği ve Metsamor Nükleer Santrali arasında bir bağ kurmasına da neden olmuştur. Özellikle hava kirliliğinden kaynaklanan kanser vakaları, Metsamor’dan kaynaklanıyormuş gibi algılanmakta ve hava kirliliğinin nedenlerinden biri olarak görülmektedir. Oysa hava kirliliğine katkısı olmamasına rağmen gerek kamu kurumları tarafından şeffaf bilgilendirmenin yapılmaması gerekse milletvekilleri tarafından Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi’ne sunulan soru önergelerinin ilgili kurumlar tarafından gerekli düzeyde cevaplanmaması bu yanlış anlaşılmanın temel nedenleri olarak çalışmada yer bulmuştur.

References

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  • Altıkat, A., Doğru, S., Argun, Y., & Bayram, T. (2015). New Chernobyl? Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant. In Ş.Şahinkaya & E.Kalıpçı (Eds.), Digital Proceeding of ICOCEE – CAPPADOCIA2015 (pp. 2057–2066).
  • Baghırova, A. (2018). Enerji Kaynaklarında Güvenlik Sorunu ve Nükleer Santraller: Metsamor Nükleer Santrali Örneği. Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları, 120(236), 215–232.
  • BBC News Türkçe. (2022). Iğdır: Yerini sevmeyen kent. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOSXnoYhmMk
  • Breeze, P. (2019). Nuclear Power. In Power Generation Technologies (pp. 399–429). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102631-1.00017-1
  • Britannica. (2022). Nuclear reactor - Types of reactors. https://www.britannica.com/technology/nuclear-reactor/Types-of-reactors#ref155186
  • Cabbarlı, H. (2003). Bağımsızlık Sonrası Ermenistan’ın Enerji Politikası. ASAM Kafkasya Arafltırmaları Masası, 3(1), 236–258.
  • Çelikkol, A. O. (2015). Ermeni “Soykırım” İddiaları, Amerikan Kongresi ve Türkiye. Bilge Strateji, 7(13), 17–30.
  • Cumhuriyet. (2019). CHP, Metsamor Nükleer Santrali için araştırma önergesi verdi. https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/chp-metsamor-nukleer-santrali-icin-arastirma-onergesi-verdi-1707877
  • Cumhuriyet. (2022). MHP’li Karadağ’dan “Metsamor” tepkisi: Iğdır, Kars, Van, Ağrı ve Erzurum illerimizi yaşanmaz hale getirecek. https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/siyaset/mhpli-karadagdan-metsamor-tepkisi-igdir-kars-van-agri-ve-erzurum-illerimizi-yasanmaz-hale-getirecek-1907930
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  • Eletek, Ö. (2021). Exclusive Interview: Major Threat from Armenia: Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant. Ankara Center for Crisis and Policy Studies. https://www.ankasam.org/exclusive-interview-major-threat-from-armenia-metsamor-nuclear-power-plant/?lang=en
  • G. Karahan, E. Kapdan, N. Bingoldag, H. Taskin, A. Bassari, A. T. A. (2020). Environmental health risk assessment due to radionuclides and metal(loid)s for Igdir province in Anatolia, near the Metsamor nuclear power plant. International Journal of Radiation Research, 18(4), 863–874.
  • GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy. (2022). Nuclear Power Basics. https://nuclear.gepower.com/company-info/nuclear-power-basics
  • Gürçam, S., & Konuralp, E. (2022). Küreselden Yerele Çevresel Politika Yapımı: Iğdır İl Özel İdaresi Üzerine Bir Memorandum. Iğdır Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6, 65–84.
  • Gürçam, S., Konuralp, E., & Ekici, S. (2021). Determining the effect of air transportation on air pollution in the most polluted city in Turkey. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, 93(2), 354–362. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEAT-08-2020-0176
  • İklim Haber. (2022). Iğdır Neden Avrupa’nın En Kirli Havasına Sahip? https://www.iklimhaber.org/igdir-neden-avrupanin-en-kirli-havasina-sahip/
  • International Energy Agency. (2021). Armenia energy profile. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/89a4a24d-fe2b-4e04-9ec7-25d3c02dbefd/CountryPages_Armenia_FINAL.pdf
  • International Trade Administration. (2022). Armenia - Energy Sector. U.S. Department of Commerce. https://www.privacyshield.gov/article?id=Armenia-energy-sector
  • IQAir. (2021). World Air Quality Report 2021. file:///C:/Users/istan/Downloads/world-air-quality-report-2021-en.pdf
  • Kabasakal, B., & Albayrak, T. (2011). Effects of Nuclear Power Plant Accidents on Biodiversity and Awareness of Potential Nuclear Accident Risk Near the Eastern Border of Turkey. VI. International Symposium on Ecology and Environmental Problems, 3434–3436.
  • Kodaman, T. (2013). Ermeni Açılımı ve Türk Dünyası. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2013(30), 111–122.
  • Lavelle, M., & Garthwaite, J. (2011). Is Armenia’s Nuclear Plant the World’s Most Dangerous? National Geographic News. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/110412-most-dangerous-nuclear-plant-armenia
  • Mehdiyev, M. (2021). Armenia’s Outdated Nuclear Plant Is Extremely Dangerous, International Expert Warns. CASPIANNEWS. https://caspiannews.com/news-detail/armenias-outdated-nuclear-plant-is-extremely-dangerous-international-expert-warns-2021-3-9-0/
  • Miholjcic, N. (2018). Russia-Armenia Nuclear Energy Cooperation and the Metsamor Power Plant. Caucasus Internationa, 8(1), 41–52.
  • Nadirov, R., & Rzayev, O. (2017). The Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant in the Active Tectonic Zone of Armenia is a Potential Caucasian Fukushima. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 05(04), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2017.54005
  • Nuclear Energy Institute. (2022). Nuclear Fuel. https://www.nei.org/fundamentals/nuclear-fuel
  • Oğan, S. (2007). Ermenistan, Türkiye’yi Metsamor Nükleer Santrali ile Tehdit Ediyor. TÜRKSAM. https://www.turksam.org/detay/54848-ermenistan,-turkiyeyi-metsamor-nukleer-santrali-ile-tehdit-ediyor
  • Öğütcü, Ö. N. (2015). A Regional Threat: Metsamor. AVİM. https://avim.org.tr/en/Analiz/A-REGIONAL-THREAT-METSAMOR
  • Öksüz, E. (2020). Iğdır’da kanser vakalarında artış: Nedeni Ermenistan’daki Metsamor Nükleer Santrali mi? Media Arabia. https://www.indyturk.com/node/281281/haber/iğdırda-kanser-vakalarında-artış-nedeni-ermenistandaki-metsamor-nükleer-santrali
  • Ornarlı, B. (2011). Türkiye Sınırındaki Nükleer Tehdit: Metsamor. Amerika’nın Sesi. https://www.amerikaninsesi.com/a/turkiye-snrndaki-nukleer-tehdit-metsamor-118675894/894377.html
  • Özdaşlı, E. (2016). Kafkasya’nin Çernobil’i Metsamor Nükleer Santrali. Karadeniz Araştırmaları Dergisi, 50, 45–64.
  • Özocak, Ö. (2015). Diaspora Kavramı ve Ermeni Diasporası. https://docplayer.biz.tr/8736749-Diaspora-kavrami-ve-ermeni-diasporasi.html
  • Portal on Nuclear Safety. (2022). Pressurised water reactor (PWR). Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection (BMUV). https://www.nuklearesicherheit.de/en/science/nuclear-reactors-how-they-work/pressurised-water-reactor-pwr/
  • Puiu, T. (2017). Home Environment Environmental Issues Armenia’s Metsamor nuclear power station – most dangerous in the world? ZME Science LLC. https://www.zmescience.com/ecology/environmental-issues/amernia-metsamor-nuclear-power-plant-hazard-to-world-14354523/
  • Shaffer, B. (2021). Armenia’s nuclear power plant is dangerous. Time to close it. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. https://thebulletin.org/2021/03/armenias-nuclear-power-plant-is-dangerous-time-to-close-it/
  • Silvi, L. D., Chandraker, D. K., Ghosh, S., & Das, A. K. (2021). Understanding dry-out mechanism in rod bundles of boiling water reactor. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 177, 121534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121534
  • Spring Power and Gas. (2018). The Pros & Cons of Nuclear Energy: Is it safe? https://springpowerandgas.us/the-pros-cons-of-nuclear-energy-is-it-safe/
  • Suppes, G. J., & Storvick, T. S. (2016). The Future in Nuclear Power. In Sustainable Power Technologies and Infrastructure (pp. 247–343). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803909-0.00008-7
  • TBMM. (2019). Yazılı Soru Önergesi Bilgileri-CHP Zonguldak Milletvekili Deniz Yavuzyılmaz. https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/yazili_sozlu_soru_sd.onerge_bilgileri?kanunlar_sira_no=260214
  • TBMM. (2020). Yazılı Soru Önergesi Bilgileri-CHP Antalya Milletvekili Çetin Osman Budak. https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Denetim/YaziliSoruOnergesi/281797
  • TBMM. (2021). Yazılı Soru Önergesi Bilgileri-HDP Iğdır Milletvekili Habip Eksik. https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/yazili_sozlu_soru_sd.sorgu_yonlendirme
  • Temurçin, K., & Aliağaoğlu, A. (2003). Nükleer Enerji ve Tartışmalar Işığında Türkiye’de Nükleer Enerji Gerçeği. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1501/Cogbil_0000000034
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The Analysis of the World's Most Dangerous Nuclear Plant from the Standpoint of the Most Air-Polluted City in Europe

Year 2022, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 827 - 846, 27.08.2022
https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1118533

Abstract

As a prominent item on the agenda of Turkish-Armenian relations from time to time, the Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant, located in the town of Metsamor in Armenia, has become an even more critical issue after the earthquakes in and around the region. The closest settlement to this nuclear power plant in the region is Iğdır. The people of Iğdır, who have current concerns about the power plant, have a different point of view towards the power plant. This study has examined the working principles and risks of nuclear power plants -which are usually seen as a clean energy source- and tried to clarify the misconceptions. Iğdır Province was the most air-polluted city in Europe in 2021. This situation has also caused the local people to establish a relationship between air pollution and the Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant. In particular, cancer cases caused by air pollution have been attributed to Metsamor, which does not contribute to air pollution; and this power plant has been seen as a cause of air pollution. This study explains primary reason for this misconception is the relevant public institutions' insufficient information to society despite the deputies' parliamentary questions submitted to the Grand National Assembly of Turkey.

References

  • Abdurrahmanlı, E. (2019). Asala Terör Örgütü Nasıl Ortaya Çıktı ve Terör Faaliyetlerinin Amacı. International Journal of Social Science, 2(1), 60–73.
  • AFAD. (2021). Ulusal Radyasyon Acil Durum Planı (URAP). https://www.afad.gov.tr/kurumlar/afad.gov.tr/e_Kutuphane/Planlar/ULUSAL_RADYASYON_ACIL_DURUM_PLANI__URAP__2019-_2_.pdf
  • Altıkat, A., Doğru, S., Argun, Y., & Bayram, T. (2015). New Chernobyl? Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant. In Ş.Şahinkaya & E.Kalıpçı (Eds.), Digital Proceeding of ICOCEE – CAPPADOCIA2015 (pp. 2057–2066).
  • Baghırova, A. (2018). Enerji Kaynaklarında Güvenlik Sorunu ve Nükleer Santraller: Metsamor Nükleer Santrali Örneği. Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları, 120(236), 215–232.
  • BBC News Türkçe. (2022). Iğdır: Yerini sevmeyen kent. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TOSXnoYhmMk
  • Breeze, P. (2019). Nuclear Power. In Power Generation Technologies (pp. 399–429). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102631-1.00017-1
  • Britannica. (2022). Nuclear reactor - Types of reactors. https://www.britannica.com/technology/nuclear-reactor/Types-of-reactors#ref155186
  • Cabbarlı, H. (2003). Bağımsızlık Sonrası Ermenistan’ın Enerji Politikası. ASAM Kafkasya Arafltırmaları Masası, 3(1), 236–258.
  • Çelikkol, A. O. (2015). Ermeni “Soykırım” İddiaları, Amerikan Kongresi ve Türkiye. Bilge Strateji, 7(13), 17–30.
  • Cumhuriyet. (2019). CHP, Metsamor Nükleer Santrali için araştırma önergesi verdi. https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/chp-metsamor-nukleer-santrali-icin-arastirma-onergesi-verdi-1707877
  • Cumhuriyet. (2022). MHP’li Karadağ’dan “Metsamor” tepkisi: Iğdır, Kars, Van, Ağrı ve Erzurum illerimizi yaşanmaz hale getirecek. https://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/siyaset/mhpli-karadagdan-metsamor-tepkisi-igdir-kars-van-agri-ve-erzurum-illerimizi-yasanmaz-hale-getirecek-1907930
  • Duke Energy. (2020). A clean energy resource. Duke Energy Corporation. https://www.duke-energy.com/energy-education/how-energy-works/nuclear-power
  • EIA. (2021). Nuclear explained Nuclear power plants. U.S. Energy Information Administration. https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/nuclear/nuclear-power-plants.php
  • Eletek, Ö. (2021). Exclusive Interview: Major Threat from Armenia: Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant. Ankara Center for Crisis and Policy Studies. https://www.ankasam.org/exclusive-interview-major-threat-from-armenia-metsamor-nuclear-power-plant/?lang=en
  • G. Karahan, E. Kapdan, N. Bingoldag, H. Taskin, A. Bassari, A. T. A. (2020). Environmental health risk assessment due to radionuclides and metal(loid)s for Igdir province in Anatolia, near the Metsamor nuclear power plant. International Journal of Radiation Research, 18(4), 863–874.
  • GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy. (2022). Nuclear Power Basics. https://nuclear.gepower.com/company-info/nuclear-power-basics
  • Gürçam, S., & Konuralp, E. (2022). Küreselden Yerele Çevresel Politika Yapımı: Iğdır İl Özel İdaresi Üzerine Bir Memorandum. Iğdır Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 6, 65–84.
  • Gürçam, S., Konuralp, E., & Ekici, S. (2021). Determining the effect of air transportation on air pollution in the most polluted city in Turkey. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, 93(2), 354–362. https://doi.org/10.1108/AEAT-08-2020-0176
  • İklim Haber. (2022). Iğdır Neden Avrupa’nın En Kirli Havasına Sahip? https://www.iklimhaber.org/igdir-neden-avrupanin-en-kirli-havasina-sahip/
  • International Energy Agency. (2021). Armenia energy profile. https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/89a4a24d-fe2b-4e04-9ec7-25d3c02dbefd/CountryPages_Armenia_FINAL.pdf
  • International Trade Administration. (2022). Armenia - Energy Sector. U.S. Department of Commerce. https://www.privacyshield.gov/article?id=Armenia-energy-sector
  • IQAir. (2021). World Air Quality Report 2021. file:///C:/Users/istan/Downloads/world-air-quality-report-2021-en.pdf
  • Kabasakal, B., & Albayrak, T. (2011). Effects of Nuclear Power Plant Accidents on Biodiversity and Awareness of Potential Nuclear Accident Risk Near the Eastern Border of Turkey. VI. International Symposium on Ecology and Environmental Problems, 3434–3436.
  • Kodaman, T. (2013). Ermeni Açılımı ve Türk Dünyası. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2013(30), 111–122.
  • Lavelle, M., & Garthwaite, J. (2011). Is Armenia’s Nuclear Plant the World’s Most Dangerous? National Geographic News. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/110412-most-dangerous-nuclear-plant-armenia
  • Mehdiyev, M. (2021). Armenia’s Outdated Nuclear Plant Is Extremely Dangerous, International Expert Warns. CASPIANNEWS. https://caspiannews.com/news-detail/armenias-outdated-nuclear-plant-is-extremely-dangerous-international-expert-warns-2021-3-9-0/
  • Miholjcic, N. (2018). Russia-Armenia Nuclear Energy Cooperation and the Metsamor Power Plant. Caucasus Internationa, 8(1), 41–52.
  • Nadirov, R., & Rzayev, O. (2017). The Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant in the Active Tectonic Zone of Armenia is a Potential Caucasian Fukushima. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 05(04), 46–55. https://doi.org/10.4236/gep.2017.54005
  • Nuclear Energy Institute. (2022). Nuclear Fuel. https://www.nei.org/fundamentals/nuclear-fuel
  • Oğan, S. (2007). Ermenistan, Türkiye’yi Metsamor Nükleer Santrali ile Tehdit Ediyor. TÜRKSAM. https://www.turksam.org/detay/54848-ermenistan,-turkiyeyi-metsamor-nukleer-santrali-ile-tehdit-ediyor
  • Öğütcü, Ö. N. (2015). A Regional Threat: Metsamor. AVİM. https://avim.org.tr/en/Analiz/A-REGIONAL-THREAT-METSAMOR
  • Öksüz, E. (2020). Iğdır’da kanser vakalarında artış: Nedeni Ermenistan’daki Metsamor Nükleer Santrali mi? Media Arabia. https://www.indyturk.com/node/281281/haber/iğdırda-kanser-vakalarında-artış-nedeni-ermenistandaki-metsamor-nükleer-santrali
  • Ornarlı, B. (2011). Türkiye Sınırındaki Nükleer Tehdit: Metsamor. Amerika’nın Sesi. https://www.amerikaninsesi.com/a/turkiye-snrndaki-nukleer-tehdit-metsamor-118675894/894377.html
  • Özdaşlı, E. (2016). Kafkasya’nin Çernobil’i Metsamor Nükleer Santrali. Karadeniz Araştırmaları Dergisi, 50, 45–64.
  • Özocak, Ö. (2015). Diaspora Kavramı ve Ermeni Diasporası. https://docplayer.biz.tr/8736749-Diaspora-kavrami-ve-ermeni-diasporasi.html
  • Portal on Nuclear Safety. (2022). Pressurised water reactor (PWR). Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection (BMUV). https://www.nuklearesicherheit.de/en/science/nuclear-reactors-how-they-work/pressurised-water-reactor-pwr/
  • Puiu, T. (2017). Home Environment Environmental Issues Armenia’s Metsamor nuclear power station – most dangerous in the world? ZME Science LLC. https://www.zmescience.com/ecology/environmental-issues/amernia-metsamor-nuclear-power-plant-hazard-to-world-14354523/
  • Shaffer, B. (2021). Armenia’s nuclear power plant is dangerous. Time to close it. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. https://thebulletin.org/2021/03/armenias-nuclear-power-plant-is-dangerous-time-to-close-it/
  • Silvi, L. D., Chandraker, D. K., Ghosh, S., & Das, A. K. (2021). Understanding dry-out mechanism in rod bundles of boiling water reactor. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 177, 121534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121534
  • Spring Power and Gas. (2018). The Pros & Cons of Nuclear Energy: Is it safe? https://springpowerandgas.us/the-pros-cons-of-nuclear-energy-is-it-safe/
  • Suppes, G. J., & Storvick, T. S. (2016). The Future in Nuclear Power. In Sustainable Power Technologies and Infrastructure (pp. 247–343). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803909-0.00008-7
  • TBMM. (2019). Yazılı Soru Önergesi Bilgileri-CHP Zonguldak Milletvekili Deniz Yavuzyılmaz. https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/yazili_sozlu_soru_sd.onerge_bilgileri?kanunlar_sira_no=260214
  • TBMM. (2020). Yazılı Soru Önergesi Bilgileri-CHP Antalya Milletvekili Çetin Osman Budak. https://www.tbmm.gov.tr/Denetim/YaziliSoruOnergesi/281797
  • TBMM. (2021). Yazılı Soru Önergesi Bilgileri-HDP Iğdır Milletvekili Habip Eksik. https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/yazili_sozlu_soru_sd.sorgu_yonlendirme
  • Temurçin, K., & Aliağaoğlu, A. (2003). Nükleer Enerji ve Tartışmalar Işığında Türkiye’de Nükleer Enerji Gerçeği. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1501/Cogbil_0000000034
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There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Main Section
Authors

Selçuk Gürçam 0000-0003-0426-329X

Publication Date August 27, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 24 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Gürçam, S. (2022). The Analysis of the World’s Most Dangerous Nuclear Plant from the Standpoint of the Most Air-Polluted City in Europe. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(2), 827-846. https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1118533