The Relationship among R&D, Innovation and Productivity in Türkiye

Year 2024, Volume: 26 Issue: 3, 1073 - 1094

Melis Yalburdak , Ahmet Kibar Çetin

https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1542168

Abstract

Productivity is crucial for both firms which is technology-leader and firms with a technology gap. Productivity, an essential factor for firms, is influenced by numerous factors. These factors are often R&D activities, knowledge capital and innovation investments. To obtain innovation output, it is necessary to invest in R&D and knowledge capital. However, in order for knowledge and innovation investments to turn into added value, they must have an impact on productivity. In the literature it is possible to face with many studies examining the effects of R&D and innovation investments on productivity for developed countries. However for developing countires, they were not found productivity effects or found weak productivity effects. Depend on this motivation, this study analyzes the impact of R&D and innovation activities on firm productivity for Turkiye using the World Bank's Turkiye 2019 Enterprise Survey Data Set. To avoid the problems of selection bias, simultaneity and endogeneity that occur due to the nature of the variables, the CDM model developed by Crepon et al. (1998) was used and the innovation and productivity equations suggested by Griffith et al. (2006) were solved sequentially. According to main findings, it has been concluded that the R&D and innovation activities of firms operating in Türkiye cannot have an impact on firm productivity. This has been interpreted as the technology level of the Turkish firms is low, and the growth still continues to be based on capital, not information technology, and therefore it has not yet reached the innovation-based growth process.

Keywords

R&D, Innovation, Firm Productivity, CDM Model

Türkiye'de ArGe İnovasyon ve Verimlilik İlişkisi

Abstract

Verimlilik, gerek teknoloji liderliği yapan firmalar için gerekse teknoloji açığı olan firmalar için büyük öneme sahiptir. Firmalar için büyük önem taşıyan verimliliği etkileyen birçok faktör bulunmaktadır. Bu faktörler sıklıkla Ar-Ge faaliyetleri, bilgi sermayesi ve inovasyon yatırımlarıdır. İnovasyon çıktısı elde etmek için Ar-Ge ve bilgi sermayesine yatırım yapmak gerekmektedir. Bununla birlikte bilgi ve inovasyon yatırımlarının katma değere dönüşebilmesi için verimlilik üzerinde etkili olmalıdır. İlgili literatür incelendiğinde gelişmiş ülkeler için Ar-Ge ve inovasyon yatırımlarının verimlilik üzerindeki etkilerinin birçok çalışmada incelendiği görülmektedir. Buna karşılık bu etki gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ya bulunamamış ya da zayıf etkilerle sınırlı kalmıştır. Bu motivasyondan hareketle söz konusu çalışmada, Dünya Bankası’nın Türkiye 2019 Girişim Anket Veri Seti kullanılarak Ar-Ge ve inovasyon faaliyetlerinin firma verimliliğine etkisinin Türkiye özelinde incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu tarz çalışmalarda karşılaşılabilen ve değişkenlerin doğası gereği oluşan seçim yanlılığı (selection bias), eşzamanlılık (simultaneity) ve içsellik (endogeneity) sorunundan kaçınmak için Crepon vd. (1998)’nin geliştirdiği CDM modeli kullanılmış ve Griffith vd. (2006)’nin önerdiği inovasyon ve verimlilik denklemleri sıralı olarak tahmin edilmiştir. Elde edilen temel bulgulara göre, Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren firmaların Ar-Ge faaliyetleriyle inovasyon faaliyetlerinin firma verimliliği üzerinde etkili olamadıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu durum, Türkiye ekonomisinin teknoloji seviyesinin düşük olduğu ve bilgi teknolojisine dayalı değil, sermayeye dayalı büyümesinin devam ettiği ve dolayısıyla Türkiye için inovasyona dayalı büyüme sürecine henüz ulaşılamadığı şeklinde yorumlanabilmektedir.

Keywords

ArGe, İnovasyon, Firma Verimliliği, CDM Modeli

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