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Work-Family Conflict in The Digital Workplace: A Field Study To Measure The Effect of Remote and Flexible Schedule Work on Work-Family Conflict

Year 2025, Volume: 27 Issue: 2, 561 - 586, 18.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1582535

Abstract

Internet-based technologies play a major role in transforming modern working life in terms of flexibility and accessibility. The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of remote working and flexible work schedules on employees' work-family life balance as a result of the widespread use of digital technologies in the business world. The research data were collected through a survey method among private sector employees in Ankara. The sample of the study was selected through a snowball sampling method among employees with remote and flexible work schedules. As a result of the data analyzed using the SPSS program, it was seen that regular working hours increased work-family conflict, while flexible working hours reduced this conflict. It has been determined that flexible workplace policies can have negative effects on work-family life balance and create difficulties in managing time and behavior. It has been found that those who can schedule their own working hours experience higher levels of work-family conflict. Those who work from home scored higher on work-family conflict and lower on family-work conflict.

References

  • Acar, A. C. (1992). Alternatif çalışma düzenleri. İÜ İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1-2), 69-82.
  • Aksoy, C. G., Barrero, J. M., Bloom, N., Davis, S. J., Dolls, M., ve Zarate, P. (2022). Working from home around the world. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, (2), 281-360.
  • Allen, T. D., Johnson, R. C., Kiburz, K. M., ve Shockley, K. M. (2013). Work–family conflict and flexible work arrangements: Deconstructing flexibility. Personnel Psychology, 66(2), 345-376.
  • Angelici, M., & Profeta, P. (2024). Smart working: work flexibility without constraints. Management Science, 70(3), 1680-1705.
  • Bozkurt, L., ve Baran, M. (2022). Esnek çalışma ortamlarında etkililiğin sağlanılması, hazır giyim sektörü üzerine bir araştırma. Tekstil ve Mühendis, 29(128), 229-237. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7216/teksmuh.1222476
  • Byron K. (2005). A meta-analytic review of work-family conflict and its antecedents. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(2), 169–198. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.08.009
  • Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., ve Williams, L. J. (2000). Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of work–family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56(2), 249-276. Retrieved from doi:10.1006/jvbe.1999.1713
  • Comrey, A. L., ve Lee, H. B. (1992). A first course in factor analysis (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Couper, M. P. (2000). Web surveys: A review of issues and approaches. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464-494.
  • Dahlan, M. K., Abdullah, N., ve Suhaimi, A. I. H. (2018). A study on supporting factors of digital workplace diffusion in public sector. In user science and engineering: 5th International Conference, i-USEr 2018, Puchong, Malaysia, August 28–30, 2018, Proceedings 5 (pp. 327-335). Springer Singapore.
  • Dittes, S., Richter, S., Richter, A., ve Smolnik, S. (2019). Toward the workplace of the future: How organizations can facilitate digital work. Business Horizons, 62(5), 649-661. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2019.05.004
  • Duran, A., ve Hussein, N. (2022). Uzaktan Çalışma Konusunda Yapılmış Akademik Çalışmaların İncelenmesi: Sistematik Derleme. Journal of Organizational Behavior Studies, 2(2), 124-134.
  • Gajendran, R. S., ve Harrison, D. A. (2007). The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6), 1524. Retrieved from doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1524
  • Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., & Shaw, J. D. (2003). The relation between work–family balance and quality of life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 510-531.
  • Hu, L., Bentler, P. M. (1995). Evaluating Model Fit. In R. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: concepts, issues and applications. London: Sage Publications.
  • Jansen, K. J., Corley, K. G. ve Jansen, B. J. (2007). E-survey methodology. R.A. Reynolds, R. Woods, J.D. Baker (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Electronic Surveys and Measurement içinde (s.1-8). IGI: Global.
  • Jöreskog, K. G. ve Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural Eguation Modeling with the Simplis Command Language. USA: Scientific Software İnternational, Inc.
  • Kelly, E. L., Kossek, E. E., Hammer, L. B., Durham, M., Bray, J., Chermack, K., ... Kaskubar, D. (2008). 7 getting there from here: research on the effects of work–family initiatives on work–family conflict and business outcomes. Academy of Management Annals, 2(1), 305-349. Retrieved from doi: 10.1080/19416520802211610
  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. 2005. New York, NY: Guilford, 2(3), 23-56.
  • ILO (2020). International Labour Organization https://www.ilo.org/publications/defining-and-measuring-remote-work-telework-work-home-and-home-based-work
  • Lee, D. J., ve Joseph Sirgy, M. (2019). Work-life balance in the digital workplace: The impact of schedule flexibility and telecommuting on work-life balance and overall life satisfaction. Thriving in digital workspaces: Emerging issues for research and practice, 355-384.
  • Leech, N. L., Barrett, K. C., ve George, A. Morgan (2005). SPSS for intermediate statistics: Use and interpretation. Lawrence Erlbaum Psychological Bulletin, 70, 160-63.
  • Lu, L., Kao, S. F., Chang, T. T., Wu, H. P., & Cooper, C. L. (2011). Work/family demands, work flexibility, work/family conflict, and their consequences at work: A national probability sample in Taiwan. International Perspectives in Psychology, 1, 68-81. Retrieved from doi: 10.1037/1072-5245.15.1.1
  • Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., ve Viswesvaran, C. (2006). How family-friendly work environments affect work/family conflict: A meta-analytic examination. Journal of Labor Research, 27(4), 555-574.
  • Michel JS, Kotrba LM, Mitchelson JK, Clark MA, Baltes BB. (2011). Antecedents of work-family conflict: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(5), 689–725. Retrieved from doi: 10.1002/job.695
  • Michel, C. E. J. (2015). Work schedule flexibility, work-family enrichment and job satisfaction. Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 25(1), 78.
  • Otonkorpi Lehtoranta, K., Salin, M., Hakovirta, M., Kaittila, A. (2021). Gendering boundary work: Experiences of work–family practices among Finnish working parents during COVID-19 lockdown. Gender Work & Organization. 29(6). 1952-1968. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12773.
  • Ray, T. K., & Pana-Cryan, R. (2021). Work flexibility and work-related well-being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 3254. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063254
  • Seeber, I., ve Erhardt, J. (2023). Working from Home with Flexible and Permeable Boundaries: Exploring the Role of Digital Workplace Tools for Job Satisfaction. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 1-16. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-023-00801-2
  • Sümer, N. (2000). Yapısal Eşitlik Modelleri. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 3 (6), 49-74.
  • Steiger, J. H. (2007). Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modeling. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 893-898. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.017
  • Tabachnick B. G. ve Fidel, L. S. (2001). Using Multivariate Statistics. (Fourth Edition). MA: Allyn & Bacon, Inc.
  • Tutar, K. (2023). İş ve aile yaşamı dengesinde iş paylaşımının önemi, Ankara Hacı Bayram Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 25, 161-178.
  • Voydanoff, P. (2005). Consequences of boundary-spanning demands and resources for work-to-family conflict and perceived stress. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(4), 491.
  • Williams, S. P., ve Schubert, P. (2018). Designs for the digital workplace. Procedia Computer Science, 138, 478-485. Retrieved from doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2018.10.066
  • Wright, K. B., Abendschein, B., Wombacher, K., O’Connor, M., Hoffman, M., Dempsey, M., ... Shelton, A. (2014). Work-related communication technology use outside of regular work hours and work life conflict: The influence of communication technologies on perceived work life conflict, burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. Management Communication Quarterly, 28(4), 507-530. Retrieved from doi: 10.1177/0893318914533332

Dijital İşyerinde İş-Aile Çatışması: Uzaktan ve Esnek Programlı Çalışmanın İş-Aile Çatışmasına Etkisini Ölçmeye Yönelik Alan Araştırması

Year 2025, Volume: 27 Issue: 2, 561 - 586, 18.08.2025
https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1582535

Abstract

İnternet tabanlı teknolojiler, modern çalışma hayatının esneklik ve erişilebilirlik açısından dönüşümünde büyük bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, dijital teknolojilerin iş dünyasında yaygınlaşmasının bir sonucu olarak uzaktan çalışma ve esnek çalışma programlarının, çalışanların iş ve aile hayatı dengesi üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektir. Araştırma verileri, Ankara'da özel sektör çalışanları arasında anket yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın örneklemi, uzaktan ve esnek çalışma programlarına sahip çalışanlar arasından kartopu örneklem yöntemi ile seçilmiştir. SPSS programı kullanılarak analiz edilen veriler sonucunda, düzenli çalışma saatleri, iş-aile çatışmasını artırırken, esnek çalışma saatlerinin bu çatışmayı azalttığı görülmüştür. Esnek işyeri politikalarının, iş ve aile yaşam dengesine olumsuz etkileri olabileceği ve zaman ile davranış yönetiminde zorluklar yaratabileceği belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sürelerini kendileri programlayabilenlerin iş-aile çatışmasını daha yüksek oranda yaşadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Evden çalışanlar, iş-aile çatışmasında daha yüksek puan alırken, aile-iş çatışmasında daha düşük puan almıştır.

Ethical Statement

06.12.2023 tarihinde “Dijital İşyerinde İş-Aile Çatışması” adlı çalışman Polis Akademisi Başkanlığı Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır.

References

  • Acar, A. C. (1992). Alternatif çalışma düzenleri. İÜ İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1-2), 69-82.
  • Aksoy, C. G., Barrero, J. M., Bloom, N., Davis, S. J., Dolls, M., ve Zarate, P. (2022). Working from home around the world. Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, (2), 281-360.
  • Allen, T. D., Johnson, R. C., Kiburz, K. M., ve Shockley, K. M. (2013). Work–family conflict and flexible work arrangements: Deconstructing flexibility. Personnel Psychology, 66(2), 345-376.
  • Angelici, M., & Profeta, P. (2024). Smart working: work flexibility without constraints. Management Science, 70(3), 1680-1705.
  • Bozkurt, L., ve Baran, M. (2022). Esnek çalışma ortamlarında etkililiğin sağlanılması, hazır giyim sektörü üzerine bir araştırma. Tekstil ve Mühendis, 29(128), 229-237. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7216/teksmuh.1222476
  • Byron K. (2005). A meta-analytic review of work-family conflict and its antecedents. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67(2), 169–198. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2004.08.009
  • Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., ve Williams, L. J. (2000). Construction and initial validation of a multidimensional measure of work–family conflict. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 56(2), 249-276. Retrieved from doi:10.1006/jvbe.1999.1713
  • Comrey, A. L., ve Lee, H. B. (1992). A first course in factor analysis (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Couper, M. P. (2000). Web surveys: A review of issues and approaches. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464-494.
  • Dahlan, M. K., Abdullah, N., ve Suhaimi, A. I. H. (2018). A study on supporting factors of digital workplace diffusion in public sector. In user science and engineering: 5th International Conference, i-USEr 2018, Puchong, Malaysia, August 28–30, 2018, Proceedings 5 (pp. 327-335). Springer Singapore.
  • Dittes, S., Richter, S., Richter, A., ve Smolnik, S. (2019). Toward the workplace of the future: How organizations can facilitate digital work. Business Horizons, 62(5), 649-661. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2019.05.004
  • Duran, A., ve Hussein, N. (2022). Uzaktan Çalışma Konusunda Yapılmış Akademik Çalışmaların İncelenmesi: Sistematik Derleme. Journal of Organizational Behavior Studies, 2(2), 124-134.
  • Gajendran, R. S., ve Harrison, D. A. (2007). The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6), 1524. Retrieved from doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1524
  • Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., & Shaw, J. D. (2003). The relation between work–family balance and quality of life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 510-531.
  • Hu, L., Bentler, P. M. (1995). Evaluating Model Fit. In R. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural equation modeling: concepts, issues and applications. London: Sage Publications.
  • Jansen, K. J., Corley, K. G. ve Jansen, B. J. (2007). E-survey methodology. R.A. Reynolds, R. Woods, J.D. Baker (Ed.), Handbook of Research on Electronic Surveys and Measurement içinde (s.1-8). IGI: Global.
  • Jöreskog, K. G. ve Sörbom, D. (1993). LISREL 8: Structural Eguation Modeling with the Simplis Command Language. USA: Scientific Software İnternational, Inc.
  • Kelly, E. L., Kossek, E. E., Hammer, L. B., Durham, M., Bray, J., Chermack, K., ... Kaskubar, D. (2008). 7 getting there from here: research on the effects of work–family initiatives on work–family conflict and business outcomes. Academy of Management Annals, 2(1), 305-349. Retrieved from doi: 10.1080/19416520802211610
  • Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. 2005. New York, NY: Guilford, 2(3), 23-56.
  • ILO (2020). International Labour Organization https://www.ilo.org/publications/defining-and-measuring-remote-work-telework-work-home-and-home-based-work
  • Lee, D. J., ve Joseph Sirgy, M. (2019). Work-life balance in the digital workplace: The impact of schedule flexibility and telecommuting on work-life balance and overall life satisfaction. Thriving in digital workspaces: Emerging issues for research and practice, 355-384.
  • Leech, N. L., Barrett, K. C., ve George, A. Morgan (2005). SPSS for intermediate statistics: Use and interpretation. Lawrence Erlbaum Psychological Bulletin, 70, 160-63.
  • Lu, L., Kao, S. F., Chang, T. T., Wu, H. P., & Cooper, C. L. (2011). Work/family demands, work flexibility, work/family conflict, and their consequences at work: A national probability sample in Taiwan. International Perspectives in Psychology, 1, 68-81. Retrieved from doi: 10.1037/1072-5245.15.1.1
  • Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., ve Viswesvaran, C. (2006). How family-friendly work environments affect work/family conflict: A meta-analytic examination. Journal of Labor Research, 27(4), 555-574.
  • Michel JS, Kotrba LM, Mitchelson JK, Clark MA, Baltes BB. (2011). Antecedents of work-family conflict: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 32(5), 689–725. Retrieved from doi: 10.1002/job.695
  • Michel, C. E. J. (2015). Work schedule flexibility, work-family enrichment and job satisfaction. Journal of Behavioural Sciences, 25(1), 78.
  • Otonkorpi Lehtoranta, K., Salin, M., Hakovirta, M., Kaittila, A. (2021). Gendering boundary work: Experiences of work–family practices among Finnish working parents during COVID-19 lockdown. Gender Work & Organization. 29(6). 1952-1968. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.12773.
  • Ray, T. K., & Pana-Cryan, R. (2021). Work flexibility and work-related well-being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 3254. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063254
  • Seeber, I., ve Erhardt, J. (2023). Working from Home with Flexible and Permeable Boundaries: Exploring the Role of Digital Workplace Tools for Job Satisfaction. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 1-16. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-023-00801-2
  • Sümer, N. (2000). Yapısal Eşitlik Modelleri. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 3 (6), 49-74.
  • Steiger, J. H. (2007). Understanding the limitations of global fit assessment in structural equation modeling. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 893-898. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.09.017
  • Tabachnick B. G. ve Fidel, L. S. (2001). Using Multivariate Statistics. (Fourth Edition). MA: Allyn & Bacon, Inc.
  • Tutar, K. (2023). İş ve aile yaşamı dengesinde iş paylaşımının önemi, Ankara Hacı Bayram Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 25, 161-178.
  • Voydanoff, P. (2005). Consequences of boundary-spanning demands and resources for work-to-family conflict and perceived stress. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10(4), 491.
  • Williams, S. P., ve Schubert, P. (2018). Designs for the digital workplace. Procedia Computer Science, 138, 478-485. Retrieved from doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2018.10.066
  • Wright, K. B., Abendschein, B., Wombacher, K., O’Connor, M., Hoffman, M., Dempsey, M., ... Shelton, A. (2014). Work-related communication technology use outside of regular work hours and work life conflict: The influence of communication technologies on perceived work life conflict, burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. Management Communication Quarterly, 28(4), 507-530. Retrieved from doi: 10.1177/0893318914533332
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Policy and Administration (Other)
Journal Section Main Section
Authors

Büşra Koru Uzkurt 0000-0002-7235-4030

Early Pub Date August 10, 2025
Publication Date August 18, 2025
Submission Date November 10, 2024
Acceptance Date April 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 27 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Koru Uzkurt, B. (2025). Dijital İşyerinde İş-Aile Çatışması: Uzaktan ve Esnek Programlı Çalışmanın İş-Aile Çatışmasına Etkisini Ölçmeye Yönelik Alan Araştırması. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 27(2), 561-586. https://doi.org/10.26745/ahbvuibfd.1582535