THE NONPHARMACOLOGICAL METHODS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PAIN AND ANXIETY IN CATARACT SURGERY: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 86 - 111, 25.04.2025

Seda Cansu Yeniğün , Fatma Demir Korkmaz

Abstract

Cataract is a prominent contributor to global blindness. Cataract surgery is the exclusive approach employed for treating cataract illness, and it is presently predominantly carried out using local anesthetic. The local anesthesia technique guarantees that patients remain conscious and maintain communication with healthcare personnel during the surgical procedure. Patients may experience profound anxiety and dread due to their aware state during operation. The patient's worry and anxiety might result in noncompliance with the surgeon's instructions, as well as involuntary movements and alterations in vital signs. Patients may endure discomfort both during and following surgery, while being under anesthesia. Additionally, it can result in the occurrence of anxiety and pain issues that patients may suffer after surgical procedures. Therefore, although cataract surgery is classified as a routine procedure in medical literature, it is crucial to prioritize pre-operative, sequential, and post-surgical patient care and symptom management. Cataract surgery employs numerous non-pharmacological techniques to alleviate pain and anxiety. The rationale for using non-pharmacological approaches lies in their cost-effectiveness, dependability, lack of adverse effects, and simplicity of implementation. Upon reviewing the literature, it was found that massage, music therapy, acupuncture, hypnosis, and therapeutic touch have been proven to be useful in alleviating pain and anxiety in patients undergoing cataract surgery. This review aims to outline non-pharmacological techniques employed for pain and anxiety control in patients undergoing cataract surgery during the perioperative period.

Keywords

pain , Anxiety , non-pharmacological methods , cataract surgery

KATARAKT CERRAHİSİNDE AĞRI VE ANKSİYETENİN YÖNETİMİNDE NONFARMAKOLOJİK YÖNTEMLER: LİTERATÜR İNCELEMESİ

Abstract

Katarakt hastalığı, dünya genelinde körlüğün önde gelen sebepleri arasında yer almaktadır. Katarakt cerrahisi, katarakt hastalığının tedavisinde kullanılan tek yöntem olup, günümüzde en sık lokal anestezi tekniği ile yapılmaktadır. Lokal anestezi tekniğiyle hastaların cerrahi sırasında bilinçli ve sağlık profesyonelleriyle iletişim içerisinde olmaları sağlanmaktadır. Hastalar cerrahi sırasında bilinçli oldukları için yoğun endişe ve korku hissi yaşayabilmektedir. Hastanın yaşadığı bu korku ve endişe cerrahi sırasında hekimin verdiği komutlara uymama, istem dışı hareketlerde bulunma ve yaşam bulgularında değişikliklere yol açabilmektedir. Hastalar anestezi almasına rağmen cerrahi sırası ve sonrasında ağrı hissi yaşayabilmektedir. Hastaların cerrahi sırasında yaşadıkları anksiyete ve ağrı, komplikasyonlara yol açabilmektedir. Bu sebeple, katarakt cerrahisi literatürde günübirlik cerrahi olarak yer alsa da hastaların cerrahi öncesi, sırası ve sonrası hasta bakımı ve semptomların yönetimi çok önemlidir. Katarakt cerrahisinde ağrı ve anksiyete gidermede birçok nonfarmakolojik yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Nonfarmakolojik yöntemlerin tercih edilmesinin sebepleri arasında maliyet etkili, güvenilir, yan etkisinin olmaması ve uygulamasının kolay olması yer almaktadır. Literatür incelendiğinde katarakt cerrahisi geçirecek hastaların ağrı ve anksiyete yönetiminde masajın, müzik dinlemenin, akupunkturun, hipnozun ve terapötik dokunmanın etkili olduğu belirtilmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı katarakt cerrahisi uygulanan cerrahi süreçteki hastalarda oluşan ağrı ve anksiyete yönetiminde kullanılan nonfarmakolojik yöntemleri sunmaktır.

Keywords

Ağrı , Anksiyete , Nonfarmakolojik yöntemler , katarakt cerrahisi

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