THE EFFECT OF MENOPAUSE SYMPTOMS-SPECIFIC EDUCATION GIVEN TO WOMEN IN THE PERIOD OF MENOPAUSE VIA WHATSAPP ON THEIR QUALITY OF LIFE AND GENITAL SELF-IMAGE
Year 2025,
Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 130 - 150, 21.08.2025
Ebru Cirban Ekrem
,
Meryem Yeni
,
Duygu Bayrak
,
Fatma Dilan Aytaç
Abstract
The aim of the study is to determine the effects of online menopause symptom-specific training given to women in menopause on quality of life and genital self-image. The sample size was calculated as 64 participants for each group according to the power analysis conducted in the G*Power3.1 Program with an effect size (0.418), 95% power and 0.05 type 1 error, and the study was completed with 158 women. Data were collected with the Introductory Information Form, Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Scale (MSQLS) and Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS). While the pre-test and post-test measurements of the vasomotor domain sub-dimension of the MSQLS of women showed a significant difference according to the groups (p<.005), the psychosocial, physical and sexual domain sub-dimension of the MSQLS and the pre-test and post-test measurements of the FGSIS did not show a significant difference according to the groups (p>.005). As a result of the study, it was determined that there were improvements in the vasomotor domain of women's menopause-specific quality of life, but there were no improvements in other areas and genital self-image. It may be recommended to examine the effectiveness of educational interventions provided with different techniques to increase menopause-specific quality of life and female genital self-image.
Project Number
1919B012218411
References
-
Agarwal, A.K., Kiron, N., Gupta, R., Sengar, A., & Gupta, P. (2018). A study of assesment menopausal symptoms and coping strategies among middler age women of North Cental India. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 5(10), 4470-4477.
-
Ak Sözer, G. (2020). Menopoz dönemindeki kadınlarda eğitim ve ilerleyici kas gevşeme egzersizlerinin semptom yönetimi ve yaşam kalitesine etkisi: yarı deneysel çalışma (Yayın no. 624118). [Doktora Tezi, T.C. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
-
Aljarudi, S., Al-Jumah, H., & Al-Jumah, A. (2023). Evaluating the around and after menopausal symptoms and personal perception of quality of life among women in Qatif, Saudi Arabia, Attending the Hospital and PHCs. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 13(2), 280-290. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2023.132029
-
Al-Mehaisen, L., & Al-Kuran, Q. (2018). Impact of menopause on quality of life: a cross sectional study in menopausal females’. Medical Science and Discovery, 5(6), 234-238. https://doi.org/10.17546/msd.432528
-
Alparslan Arar, M., & Erbil, N. (2022). Türkiye’de menopozal dönemdeki kadınların yaşam kalitesini inceleyen çalışmalar: Bir sistematik derleme. Androloji Bülteni, 24, 38-51. https://doi.org/10.24898/tandro.2022.69783
-
Bekmezci, E., & Altuntuğ, K. (2020). Menopoz ile ilişkili semptomlara yönelik kanıta dayalı uygulamaların incelenmesi. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(3), 167-174. https://doi.org/10.51123/jgehes.2020.7
-
Bilgin, İ., Tunç Karaman, S., & Basat, O. (2024). The effect of menopause symptoms on female genital self-perception in postmenopausal women. Middle Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 10(1), 16-28. https://doi.org/10.19127/mbsjohs.1390530
-
Carcelén-Fraile, M.C., Aibar-Almazán, A., Martínez-Amat, A., Brandão-Loureiro, V., Jiménez-García, J. D., Castellote-Caballero, Y., Hita-Contreras, F. (2022). Changes in satisfaction with female genital self-image and sexual function after a qigong exercise intervention in Spanish postmenopausal women: a randomized-controlled trial. Menopause, 29(6), 693-699. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001967
-
Cirban, E., & Özsoy, S. (2023). Do sexual myths affect menopause attitudes and symptoms? Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 13(2), 337-342. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1108157
-
deMaria, A.L., Meier, S.J., & Dykstra, C. (2019). “It’s not perfect but it’s mine”: genital self-image among women living in Italy. Body Image, 29, 140-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.03.011
-
Erdem Çetin, Ö., & Eroğlu, K. (2015). Menopoz dönemindeki kadınların yaşadıkları sorunlar ve başetme yolları. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 8(4), 219-225.
-
George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. Pearson.
-
Gökdoğan, F., Kır, E., Özcan, A., Cerit, B., Yıldırım, Y., & Akbal, S. (2003, Eylül 7-11). Eğitim kitapçıkları güvenilir mi? [Konferans sunum özeti]. 2. Uluslararası 9. Ulusal Hemşirelik Kongresi, Antalya.
-
Gönenç, İ.M., & Koç, G. (2019). Menopoz dönemine yönelik uygulanan eğitim programının kadınların menopoza yönelik tutumlarına etkisi. SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1), 29-33.
-
Gümüşay, M., & Erbil, N. (2019). Kadınların menopoza özgü yaşam kalitesine menopoz tutumunun etkisi. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 96-109.
-
Hamidi, F., Elyasi, F., Mousavinasab, S.N., Ghasemi, A., Keshavarz, Z., & Shahhosseini, Z. (2022). Effect of a social network-based supportive program (WhatsApp) on the sexual self-concept of women with breast cancer: A single-blind-randomized controlled trial. Palliative & Supportive Care, 21(1), 27-37.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951522000220
-
Harper, J.C., Phillips, S., Biswakarma, R., Yasmin, E., Saridogan, E., Radhakrishnan, S., Davies, M.C., & Talaulikar, V. (2022). An online survey of perimenopausal women to determine their attitudes and knowledge of the menopause. Women’s Health, 18, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057221106890
-
Karakoç, H., Özerdoğan, N., & Kul Uçtu, A. (2017). Menopozla ilgili genitoüriner sendrom. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, 14(3), 122-126.
-
Karimi, L., Seghaleh, M.M., Khalili, R., & Vahedian Azimi, A. (2022). The effect of self-care education program on the severity of menopause symptoms and marital satisfaction in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Women’s Health, 22, 71. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01653-w
-
Kashfi, S.M., Rakhshani, T, Farhoodi, S., Motlagh, Z., Bagherzadeh, R., & Kohan, N. (2021). The Effect of education of physical activity via social networks on the quality of life in menopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System, 9(3), 149-154. https://doi.org/10.30476/jhsss.2020.87531.1114
-
Kaya, A., Yassa, M., Dogan, O., Basbug, A., Pulatoglu, C., & Caliskan, E. (2019). The Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS): cross-cultural adaptation and validation of psychometric properties within a Turkish population. International Urogynecology Journal, 30(1), 89-99.
-
Keye, C., Varley, J., & Patton, D. (2023). The impact of menopause education on quality of life among menopausal women: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Climacteric, 26(5), 419–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2023.2226318
-
Kharbouch, S.B., & Şahin, N.H. (2007). Menopozal dönemlerdeki yaşam kalitesinin belirlenmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi, 15(59), 82-90.
-
Kurt, G., & Arslan, H. (2020). Kadınların menopoz döneminde yaşadıkları sağlık sorunları ve baş etme yöntemleri. Çukurova Medical Journal, 45(3), 910-920. https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.694473
-
Lordelo, P., Brasil, C., Lerche, J., Gomes, T., Martins, P., & Castro, M. (2017). Relationship between female genital self-ımage and sexual function: cross-sectional study. Obstetrics & Gynecology International Journal, 7(4), 274-279. https://doi.org/10.15406/ogij.2017.07.00253
-
Marvi, N., Golmakani, N., Esmaeli, H., & Shareh, H. (2018). Effect of sex education on infertile females’ genital self-image. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 27(158), 143-153.
-
Pereira, A.A.C., Destro, J.R., Bernuci, M.P., Garcia, L.F., & Lucena, T.D.R. (2020). Effects of a whatsapp-delivered education ıntervention to enhance breast cancer knowledge in women: mixed-methods study. JMIR Mhealth
Uhealth, 8(7), e17430. https://doi.org/10.2196/17430
-
Sabancı Baransel, E., Barut, S., & Arpacı Duran, S. (2023). Menopoz yönetimi eğitiminin menopoz semptomları ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi: Randomize kontrollü bir çalışma. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 8(3), 314-25.
-
Sabbaghan, M., Malakouti, J., Mirghafourvand, M., Hakimi, S., & Ranjbar, F. (2017). The effect of training package on genital self-image and sexual function: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal In Press, 19(9), 14453. https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.14453
-
Sayyadi, F., Golmakani, N., & Karimabadi, A. (2021). The effect of sexual assertiveness training on women’s genital self-image: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Midwifery Reproductive Health, 9(2), 2715-2725.
-
Shafaie, F.S., Mirghafourvand, M., & Jafari, M. (2014). Effect of education through support ¬group on early symptoms of menopause: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Caring Sciences, 3(4), 247-256. https://doi.org/10.5681/jcs.2014.027
-
Shobeiri, F., Jenabi, E., Khatiban, M., Hazavehei, S.M.M., & Roshanaei, G. (2017). The effect of educational program on quality of life in menopausal women: a clinical trial. Journal of Menopausal Medicine, 23(2), 91-95. https://doi.org/10.6118/jmm.2017.23.2.91
-
Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson.
-
Talaulikar, V. (2022). Menopause transition: physiology and symptoms. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 81, 3-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2022.03.003
-
Tosson, M.M., Salama, E.S.S., Salem, E.M.M.A., & Salama, N.S.S. (2022). Effect of social media based teaching program on emotional status and quality of life for women undergoing hysterectomy during covid-19 lockdown. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 13(2), 241-259. https://doi.org/10.21608/EJHC.2022.228527
-
Wang, J.B., Cadmus-Bertram, L.A.C., Natarajan, L., White, M.W., Madanat, H., Nichols, J.F., Ayala, G.X., & Pierce, J.P. (2015). Wearable sensor/device (Fitbit one) and SMS text-messaging prompts to increase physical activity in owerweight and obese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Telemedicine and e-Health, 21(10),
782-792. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2014.0176
-
Wright, E., Shaltout, O., Zokvic, M.A., & Shirref, L. (2021). Delivery of menopause care during a pandemic: an evaluation of patient satisfaction with telephone visits. Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society, 29(2), 184-188. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001906
-
Yoshany, N., Morowatisharifabad, M.A., Bahri, N., Jambarsang, S., Sharma, M., & Hanna, F. (2021). Effect of the fourth generation multi-theory model intervention on the quality of life in Iranian postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial. Post Reproductive Health, 27(4), 89-197. https://doi.org/10.1177/20533691211042164
MENOPOZ DÖNEMİNDEKİ KADINLARA WHATSAPP ÜZERİNDEN VERİLEN MENOPOZ SEMPTOMLARINA ÖZGÜ EĞİTİMİN YAŞAM KALİTESİNE VE GENİTAL KENDİLİK İMAJINA ETKİSİ
Year 2025,
Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 130 - 150, 21.08.2025
Ebru Cirban Ekrem
,
Meryem Yeni
,
Duygu Bayrak
,
Fatma Dilan Aytaç
Abstract
Araştırmanın amacı, menopoz dönemindeki kadınlara çevrim içi verilen menopoz semptomlarına özgü eğitimin yaşam kalitesi ve genital kendilik imajına etkisini belirlemektir. Ön test-son test kontrol gruplu yarı deneysel tasarıma sahip araştırmanın örneklemi G*Power 3.1 Programında yapılan güç analizine göre etki büyüklüğü (0.418), %95 güç ve 0.05 tip 1 hata ile her grup için 64 katılımcı olarak hesaplanmış ve araştırma 158 kadın ile tamamlanmıştır. Veriler, Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Menopoza Özgü Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (MÖYKÖ) ve Kadın Genital Kendilik İmajı Ölçeği (KGKİÖ) ile toplanmıştır. Kadınların MÖYKÖ’nin vazomotor alan alt boyutu ön test ve son test ölçümü gruplara göre anlamlı farklılık gösterirken (p<.005), MÖYKÖ’nün psikososyal, fiziksel ve cinsellik alan alt boyutu ile KGKİÖ ön test ve son test ölçümleri gruplara göre anlamlı farklılık göstermemiştir (p>.005). Araştırmanın sonucunda, kadınların menopoza özgü yaşam kalitelerinin vazomotor alanında iyileşmelerin olduğu, diğer alanlarda ve genital kendilik imajında iyileşme olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Menopoza özgü yaşam kalitesinin ve kadın genital kendilik imajının arttırılması için farklı tekniklerle verilen eğitim müdahalelerinin etkinliğinin incelenmesi önerilebilir.
Ethical Statement
Araştırmanın uygulanması için Bartın Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşerî Bilimler Etik Kurulu’ndan izin alınmıştır (Tarih: 18.01.2023, No: 2023-SBB-0032).
Supporting Institution
Bu araştırma 2209/A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projeleri Destekleme Programı 2022 yılı 2. Dönem çağrısında TÜBİTAK tarafından 1919B012218411 proje numarası ile desteklenmiştir.
Project Number
1919B012218411
Thanks
Araştırmacılar katılımcılara teşekkürlerini sunarlar.
References
-
Agarwal, A.K., Kiron, N., Gupta, R., Sengar, A., & Gupta, P. (2018). A study of assesment menopausal symptoms and coping strategies among middler age women of North Cental India. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 5(10), 4470-4477.
-
Ak Sözer, G. (2020). Menopoz dönemindeki kadınlarda eğitim ve ilerleyici kas gevşeme egzersizlerinin semptom yönetimi ve yaşam kalitesine etkisi: yarı deneysel çalışma (Yayın no. 624118). [Doktora Tezi, T.C. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi]. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Ulusal Tez Merkezi.
-
Aljarudi, S., Al-Jumah, H., & Al-Jumah, A. (2023). Evaluating the around and after menopausal symptoms and personal perception of quality of life among women in Qatif, Saudi Arabia, Attending the Hospital and PHCs. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 13(2), 280-290. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojog.2023.132029
-
Al-Mehaisen, L., & Al-Kuran, Q. (2018). Impact of menopause on quality of life: a cross sectional study in menopausal females’. Medical Science and Discovery, 5(6), 234-238. https://doi.org/10.17546/msd.432528
-
Alparslan Arar, M., & Erbil, N. (2022). Türkiye’de menopozal dönemdeki kadınların yaşam kalitesini inceleyen çalışmalar: Bir sistematik derleme. Androloji Bülteni, 24, 38-51. https://doi.org/10.24898/tandro.2022.69783
-
Bekmezci, E., & Altuntuğ, K. (2020). Menopoz ile ilişkili semptomlara yönelik kanıta dayalı uygulamaların incelenmesi. Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Genel Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(3), 167-174. https://doi.org/10.51123/jgehes.2020.7
-
Bilgin, İ., Tunç Karaman, S., & Basat, O. (2024). The effect of menopause symptoms on female genital self-perception in postmenopausal women. Middle Black Sea Journal of Health Science, 10(1), 16-28. https://doi.org/10.19127/mbsjohs.1390530
-
Carcelén-Fraile, M.C., Aibar-Almazán, A., Martínez-Amat, A., Brandão-Loureiro, V., Jiménez-García, J. D., Castellote-Caballero, Y., Hita-Contreras, F. (2022). Changes in satisfaction with female genital self-image and sexual function after a qigong exercise intervention in Spanish postmenopausal women: a randomized-controlled trial. Menopause, 29(6), 693-699. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001967
-
Cirban, E., & Özsoy, S. (2023). Do sexual myths affect menopause attitudes and symptoms? Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 13(2), 337-342. https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1108157
-
deMaria, A.L., Meier, S.J., & Dykstra, C. (2019). “It’s not perfect but it’s mine”: genital self-image among women living in Italy. Body Image, 29, 140-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.03.011
-
Erdem Çetin, Ö., & Eroğlu, K. (2015). Menopoz dönemindeki kadınların yaşadıkları sorunlar ve başetme yolları. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 8(4), 219-225.
-
George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference. Pearson.
-
Gökdoğan, F., Kır, E., Özcan, A., Cerit, B., Yıldırım, Y., & Akbal, S. (2003, Eylül 7-11). Eğitim kitapçıkları güvenilir mi? [Konferans sunum özeti]. 2. Uluslararası 9. Ulusal Hemşirelik Kongresi, Antalya.
-
Gönenç, İ.M., & Koç, G. (2019). Menopoz dönemine yönelik uygulanan eğitim programının kadınların menopoza yönelik tutumlarına etkisi. SDÜ Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 10(1), 29-33.
-
Gümüşay, M., & Erbil, N. (2019). Kadınların menopoza özgü yaşam kalitesine menopoz tutumunun etkisi. Ordu Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Çalışmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 96-109.
-
Hamidi, F., Elyasi, F., Mousavinasab, S.N., Ghasemi, A., Keshavarz, Z., & Shahhosseini, Z. (2022). Effect of a social network-based supportive program (WhatsApp) on the sexual self-concept of women with breast cancer: A single-blind-randomized controlled trial. Palliative & Supportive Care, 21(1), 27-37.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951522000220
-
Harper, J.C., Phillips, S., Biswakarma, R., Yasmin, E., Saridogan, E., Radhakrishnan, S., Davies, M.C., & Talaulikar, V. (2022). An online survey of perimenopausal women to determine their attitudes and knowledge of the menopause. Women’s Health, 18, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057221106890
-
Karakoç, H., Özerdoğan, N., & Kul Uçtu, A. (2017). Menopozla ilgili genitoüriner sendrom. Jinekoloji-Obstetrik ve Neonatoloji Tıp Dergisi, 14(3), 122-126.
-
Karimi, L., Seghaleh, M.M., Khalili, R., & Vahedian Azimi, A. (2022). The effect of self-care education program on the severity of menopause symptoms and marital satisfaction in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Women’s Health, 22, 71. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-022-01653-w
-
Kashfi, S.M., Rakhshani, T, Farhoodi, S., Motlagh, Z., Bagherzadeh, R., & Kohan, N. (2021). The Effect of education of physical activity via social networks on the quality of life in menopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System, 9(3), 149-154. https://doi.org/10.30476/jhsss.2020.87531.1114
-
Kaya, A., Yassa, M., Dogan, O., Basbug, A., Pulatoglu, C., & Caliskan, E. (2019). The Female Genital Self-Image Scale (FGSIS): cross-cultural adaptation and validation of psychometric properties within a Turkish population. International Urogynecology Journal, 30(1), 89-99.
-
Keye, C., Varley, J., & Patton, D. (2023). The impact of menopause education on quality of life among menopausal women: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Climacteric, 26(5), 419–427. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2023.2226318
-
Kharbouch, S.B., & Şahin, N.H. (2007). Menopozal dönemlerdeki yaşam kalitesinin belirlenmesi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Florence Nightingale Hemşirelik Dergisi, 15(59), 82-90.
-
Kurt, G., & Arslan, H. (2020). Kadınların menopoz döneminde yaşadıkları sağlık sorunları ve baş etme yöntemleri. Çukurova Medical Journal, 45(3), 910-920. https://doi.org/10.17826/cumj.694473
-
Lordelo, P., Brasil, C., Lerche, J., Gomes, T., Martins, P., & Castro, M. (2017). Relationship between female genital self-ımage and sexual function: cross-sectional study. Obstetrics & Gynecology International Journal, 7(4), 274-279. https://doi.org/10.15406/ogij.2017.07.00253
-
Marvi, N., Golmakani, N., Esmaeli, H., & Shareh, H. (2018). Effect of sex education on infertile females’ genital self-image. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 27(158), 143-153.
-
Pereira, A.A.C., Destro, J.R., Bernuci, M.P., Garcia, L.F., & Lucena, T.D.R. (2020). Effects of a whatsapp-delivered education ıntervention to enhance breast cancer knowledge in women: mixed-methods study. JMIR Mhealth
Uhealth, 8(7), e17430. https://doi.org/10.2196/17430
-
Sabancı Baransel, E., Barut, S., & Arpacı Duran, S. (2023). Menopoz yönetimi eğitiminin menopoz semptomları ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisinin belirlenmesi: Randomize kontrollü bir çalışma. ESTÜDAM Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 8(3), 314-25.
-
Sabbaghan, M., Malakouti, J., Mirghafourvand, M., Hakimi, S., & Ranjbar, F. (2017). The effect of training package on genital self-image and sexual function: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal In Press, 19(9), 14453. https://doi.org/10.5812/ircmj.14453
-
Sayyadi, F., Golmakani, N., & Karimabadi, A. (2021). The effect of sexual assertiveness training on women’s genital self-image: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Midwifery Reproductive Health, 9(2), 2715-2725.
-
Shafaie, F.S., Mirghafourvand, M., & Jafari, M. (2014). Effect of education through support ¬group on early symptoms of menopause: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Caring Sciences, 3(4), 247-256. https://doi.org/10.5681/jcs.2014.027
-
Shobeiri, F., Jenabi, E., Khatiban, M., Hazavehei, S.M.M., & Roshanaei, G. (2017). The effect of educational program on quality of life in menopausal women: a clinical trial. Journal of Menopausal Medicine, 23(2), 91-95. https://doi.org/10.6118/jmm.2017.23.2.91
-
Tabachnick, B.G., & Fidell, L.S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson.
-
Talaulikar, V. (2022). Menopause transition: physiology and symptoms. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 81, 3-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2022.03.003
-
Tosson, M.M., Salama, E.S.S., Salem, E.M.M.A., & Salama, N.S.S. (2022). Effect of social media based teaching program on emotional status and quality of life for women undergoing hysterectomy during covid-19 lockdown. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 13(2), 241-259. https://doi.org/10.21608/EJHC.2022.228527
-
Wang, J.B., Cadmus-Bertram, L.A.C., Natarajan, L., White, M.W., Madanat, H., Nichols, J.F., Ayala, G.X., & Pierce, J.P. (2015). Wearable sensor/device (Fitbit one) and SMS text-messaging prompts to increase physical activity in owerweight and obese adults: a randomized controlled trial. Telemedicine and e-Health, 21(10),
782-792. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2014.0176
-
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