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YAĞLI BOYA TABLOLARIN KONSERVASYON-RESTORASYONUNDA VERNİK UYGULAMASI: REGALREZ 1094, KETON (MS2A) VE DAMMAR REÇİNE VERNİĞİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Year 2025, Issue: 19, 1 - 28, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.46628/ahu.1645201

Abstract

Sanatçılar benliklerindekini aktarabilmek için çoğunlukla kendilerine en yakın malzemelerden faydalanarak yaratıcılıklarını ortaya çıkarmışlardır. Temel gereksinimlerin karşılanıp, sanat eseri üretimi için ihtiyaçtan ziyade fonksiyona yönelerek malzeme seçimine başladıkları noktada birçok malzemeyi kullanmayı bırakmışlardır. Yeni malzeme arayışına girerek daha işlevsel malzeme kullanmayı tercih etmişlerdir. Bu bağlamda sanatçılar yağlı boya tablolarında çok farklı malzeme ve teknik kullanmış olup günümüzde de hala farklı malzeme ve teknik kullanmaya devam ederek bu çeşitlenmeyi sürdürmektedirler. Geldiğimiz noktada eserin yaratım sürecinden sonra, ömrünü uzatabilmek adına yeni yöntem ve sistemler geliştirilmiştir. Böylelikle tabloların konservasyon işlemleri ne kadar önem kazandıysa aynı oranda da kullanılan malzemeler de önem arz etmektedir.
Yağlı boya tablo üzerinde yer alan vernikler, işlevsel özelliklerini kaybettiklerinde tablo için hem görsel hem de koruma-onarım anlamında sorun teşkil etmeye başlarlar. Bu noktada geri alınmaları ve uygun vernik ile kaplanmaları gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda seçilen geleneksel ve güncel olarak sıklıkla kullanılan reçinelerden olan; regalrez 1094, keton (MS2A) ve dammar verniklerinin yapay yaşlandırma işlemi sonucunda yaşlanma belirtilerinin ve karakteristiklerinin saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Vernikler, en sık kullanılan kombinasyonlarıyla hazırlanan lamlar üzerine uygulanmış ve kademeli olarak yaşlandırmaya maruz bırakılmıştır. Bu kademeli yaşlandırma işlemi sonucunda numuneler; SEM, VIS, UV, ışık mikroskobu ve NMR (Nükleer Manyetik Rezonans Spektroskopisi) ile incelenerek yaşlanmanın etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bozulmaya maruz bırakılan reçineler, yapay yaşlandırmaya maruz bırakılmayan referans grubu örnekler ile kıyaslanarak çıkarımlarda bulunulmuştur. Sonuç olarak koruma-onarım alanında söz konusu vernikler ile çalışacak konservatörlere, kullandıkları malzemelerin zaman içinde değişimleri hakkında bilgi vermek amaçlanmıştır.

Supporting Institution

İstanbul Üniversitesi - Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (B.A.P.)

Project Number

BAP-37602

Thanks

Bu çalışma İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından BAP-37602 proje numarası ile finanse edilmiştir. Yazarlar İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimine şükran borçludur. Ayrıca Sezen Dallık ve Suna Dallık Öztürk'e teşekkür etmek isteriz.

References

  • Buder, A. (2008). Dammar resin degradation revisited. Chimia, 62(12), 913–917. https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2008.913
  • Carlyle, L. A., & Bourdeau, J. (1994). Varnishes: Authenticity and permanence. In Workshop Handbook, Varnish Workshop, September 1994 (pp. 53–60). Canadian Conservation Institute.
  • Casadio, F., & Giangualano, I. (2004). Organic materials in wall paintings: The historical and analytical literature. Studies in Conservation, 49(1), 63–80.
  • Casoli, A., & Santoro, S. (2012). Organic materials in the wall paintings in Pompei: A case study of Insula del Centenario. Chemistry Central Journal, 6(1), Article 107. https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-6-107
  • De La Rie, E. R. (1993). Polymer additives for synthetic low-molecular-weight varnishes. In ICOM Committee for Conservation: 10th Triennial Meeting, Washington, D.C., USA, 22–27 August 1993 (pp. 566–579). ICOM.
  • Van Duijn, E., & Filedt Kok, J. P. (2016). The restoration of Rembrandt’s Night Watch. The Burlington Magazine, 158(1335), 128–135.
  • Feller, R. L., Stolow, N., & Jones, E. H. (1985). On picture varnishes and their solvents. National Gallery of Art.
  • Mayer, L., & Myers, G. (2002). Note on the early use of dammar varnish. Studies in Conservation, 47(2), 134–137. https://doi.org/10.1179/sic.2002.47.2.134
  • O'Malley, Michael. “Review of Samples from the 1994 CCI Workshop 'Varnishes: Authenticity and Permanence' after 15 Years of Natural Ageing.” Journal of the Canadian Association for Conservation 35 (2010): 3-8. https://www.cac-accr.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Vol35_doc1.pdf
  • Painting Conservation Catalog. (1996). Volume 1: Varnishes and surface coatings. American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
  • Piena, H. (2001). Regalrez in furniture conservation. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 40(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1179/019713601806113111
  • Routledge, V. (2000). The development of MS2A reduced ketone resin in painting conservation. WAAC Newsletter, 22(2). https://cool.culturalheritage.org/waac/wn/wn22/wn22-2/wn22-206.html
  • Whitmore, P. M., & Colaluca, V. G. (1995). The natural and accelerated aging of an acrylic artist's medium. Studies in Conservation, 40(1), 51–64. https://doi.org/10.1179/sic.1995.40.1.51

Varnish Application in Conservation-Restoration of Oil Paintings: Comparison of Regalrez 1094, Ketone (MS2A) and Dammar Resin Varnish

Year 2025, Issue: 19, 1 - 28, 30.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.46628/ahu.1645201

Abstract

Artists have mostly used the materials closest to them to express their inner selves and creativity. At the point where basic needs are met and they start choosing materials by focusing on function rather than need to produce works of art, they have stopped using many materials. They have started to search for new materials and preferred to use functional materials. In this context, artists have used many different materials and techniques in their oil paintings, and they continue to use different materials and techniques today. New methods and systems have been developed to extend the life of the work after the creation process. Thus, as much as the conservation processes of the paintings have become important, the materials used are also important.
When varnishes on oil paintings lose their functional properties, and they start to cause problems for the painting. At this point, they need to be taken back. In this context, it was aimed to determine the signs and characteristics of aging because of the artificial aging process of the traditional and currently frequently used resins; regalrez 1094, ketone (MS2A) and dammar varnishes. These varnishes were applied on slides prepared with their most frequently used combinations and were gradually aged. The samples were examined with SEM, VIS, UV, light microscope and NMR and the effects of aging were investigated. As a result, it was aimed to provide information to conservators who will work with these varnishes for conservation about the changes in the materials they use over time.

Supporting Institution

İstanbul Üniversitesi - Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri (B.A.P.)

Project Number

BAP-37602

Thanks

This study was funded by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University, Project Number: BAP-37602. The authors owe a debt of gratitude to the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University. We would also like to thank Sezen Dallık and Suna Dallık Öztürk.

References

  • Buder, A. (2008). Dammar resin degradation revisited. Chimia, 62(12), 913–917. https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2008.913
  • Carlyle, L. A., & Bourdeau, J. (1994). Varnishes: Authenticity and permanence. In Workshop Handbook, Varnish Workshop, September 1994 (pp. 53–60). Canadian Conservation Institute.
  • Casadio, F., & Giangualano, I. (2004). Organic materials in wall paintings: The historical and analytical literature. Studies in Conservation, 49(1), 63–80.
  • Casoli, A., & Santoro, S. (2012). Organic materials in the wall paintings in Pompei: A case study of Insula del Centenario. Chemistry Central Journal, 6(1), Article 107. https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-153X-6-107
  • De La Rie, E. R. (1993). Polymer additives for synthetic low-molecular-weight varnishes. In ICOM Committee for Conservation: 10th Triennial Meeting, Washington, D.C., USA, 22–27 August 1993 (pp. 566–579). ICOM.
  • Van Duijn, E., & Filedt Kok, J. P. (2016). The restoration of Rembrandt’s Night Watch. The Burlington Magazine, 158(1335), 128–135.
  • Feller, R. L., Stolow, N., & Jones, E. H. (1985). On picture varnishes and their solvents. National Gallery of Art.
  • Mayer, L., & Myers, G. (2002). Note on the early use of dammar varnish. Studies in Conservation, 47(2), 134–137. https://doi.org/10.1179/sic.2002.47.2.134
  • O'Malley, Michael. “Review of Samples from the 1994 CCI Workshop 'Varnishes: Authenticity and Permanence' after 15 Years of Natural Ageing.” Journal of the Canadian Association for Conservation 35 (2010): 3-8. https://www.cac-accr.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Vol35_doc1.pdf
  • Painting Conservation Catalog. (1996). Volume 1: Varnishes and surface coatings. American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works.
  • Piena, H. (2001). Regalrez in furniture conservation. Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, 40(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1179/019713601806113111
  • Routledge, V. (2000). The development of MS2A reduced ketone resin in painting conservation. WAAC Newsletter, 22(2). https://cool.culturalheritage.org/waac/wn/wn22/wn22-2/wn22-206.html
  • Whitmore, P. M., & Colaluca, V. G. (1995). The natural and accelerated aging of an acrylic artist's medium. Studies in Conservation, 40(1), 51–64. https://doi.org/10.1179/sic.1995.40.1.51
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Visual Cultures, Cultural and Natural Heritage, Art History, Theory and Criticism (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mustafa Kemal Dallık 0000-0002-4565-2649

Gülder Emre 0000-0002-6730-0548

Project Number BAP-37602
Submission Date February 27, 2025
Acceptance Date August 14, 2025
Publication Date December 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 19

Cite

APA Dallık, M. K., & Emre, G. (2025). Varnish Application in Conservation-Restoration of Oil Paintings: Comparison of Regalrez 1094, Ketone (MS2A) and Dammar Resin Varnish. Artuklu Humanities(19), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.46628/ahu.1645201