Research Article

More Than a Game: Football, Identity, and the Politics of Belonging

Number: 20 June 30, 2026
TR EN

More Than a Game: Football, Identity, and the Politics of Belonging

Abstract

This study explores football as a dynamic cultural field in which identity, memory, and political belonging are actively constructed, negotiated, and contested. Drawing on a critical review of interdisciplinary scholarship in cultural studies, media theory, and sociology, the article conceptualizes football not merely as a sport but as a symbolic arena where ideologies are enacted and communities are imagined. Theoretical frameworks such as Benedict Anderson’s “imagined communities” and Çaylı Rahte’s “television communities” are mobilized to examine how mediated rituals of spectatorship generate affective attachments and collective identification. Comparative cases from Scotland, Brazil, Indonesia, and Turkey illustrate football’s entanglement with class, gender, nationalism, and resistance across divergent socio-political settings. The Celtic–Rangers rivalry demonstrates how sectarianism and national identity are performed and stabilized through fandom; Brazil’s Corinthians Democracy highlights football’s capacity to become a site of democratic mobilization under authoritarian conditions; Indonesian ultra culture shows how global repertoires of fandom are localized and politicized; and the Turkish case foregrounds how organized supporter groups can extend beyond the stadium to intersect with urban politics and episodes of social mobilization. The study concludes that football operates simultaneously as a mechanism of cultural reproduction and a contingent medium of social transformation, in which collective identities are ritualized, commodified, and at times reconfigured within a media-saturated environment shaped by commercialization, political tension, and global spectacle.

Keywords

Ethical Statement

Since this study did not require approval from an ethics committee, it was conducted without such approval.

References

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  7. Bennett, A. (2013). Kültür ve gündelik hayat (N. Tokdoğan, B. Şenel, & U. Y. Kara, Trans.). Phoenix.
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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Sociology (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

June 30, 2026

Submission Date

April 17, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 5, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: 20

APA
Yılmaz, Ö. (2026). More Than a Game: Football, Identity, and the Politics of Belonging. Artuklu Humanities, 20, 65-83. https://doi.org/10.46628/ahu.1678499
AMA
1.Yılmaz Ö. More Than a Game: Football, Identity, and the Politics of Belonging. Artuklu Humanities. 2026;(20):65-83. doi:10.46628/ahu.1678499
Chicago
Yılmaz, Özgür. 2026. “More Than a Game: Football, Identity, and the Politics of Belonging”. Artuklu Humanities, nos. 20: 65-83. https://doi.org/10.46628/ahu.1678499.
EndNote
Yılmaz Ö (June 1, 2026) More Than a Game: Football, Identity, and the Politics of Belonging. Artuklu Humanities 20 65–83.
IEEE
[1]Ö. Yılmaz, “More Than a Game: Football, Identity, and the Politics of Belonging”, Artuklu Humanities, no. 20, pp. 65–83, June 2026, doi: 10.46628/ahu.1678499.
ISNAD
Yılmaz, Özgür. “More Than a Game: Football, Identity, and the Politics of Belonging”. Artuklu Humanities. 20 (June 1, 2026): 65-83. https://doi.org/10.46628/ahu.1678499.
JAMA
1.Yılmaz Ö. More Than a Game: Football, Identity, and the Politics of Belonging. Artuklu Humanities. 2026;:65–83.
MLA
Yılmaz, Özgür. “More Than a Game: Football, Identity, and the Politics of Belonging”. Artuklu Humanities, no. 20, June 2026, pp. 65-83, doi:10.46628/ahu.1678499.
Vancouver
1.Özgür Yılmaz. More Than a Game: Football, Identity, and the Politics of Belonging. Artuklu Humanities. 2026 Jun. 1;(20):65-83. doi:10.46628/ahu.1678499