Okullarda Görülen Öğrenciden Öğrenciye Yönelik Şiddet Olaylarının Bazı Değişkenler Açısından Arşiv Araştırması Yöntemiyle İncelenmesi

Year 2008, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 23 - 38, 15.03.2016

Sefa Bulut

Abstract

Bu çalýþmanýn amacý ülkemizde okullarda görülen þiddeti gazete ve televizyon
haberleri ýþýðýnda incelemektir. Bu nedenle ulusal düzeyde yayýn yapan 16 gazete ve 11
televizyonun internet sayfalarý 2001 yýlýndan 2006 yýlýna kadar taranmýþ ve öðrenciden
öðrenciye yönelik toplam 302 þiddet olayý belirlenmiþtir. Daha sonra bu þiddet olaylarýnýn oluþ
yerleri, nedenleri, cinsiyet, þiddetin olduðu mekân, yerleþim yerleri, þiddet türleri, nasýl
sonuçlandýðý ve eðitim dönemlerindeki yaygýnlýklarý frekans analizi yapýlmýþtýr. Araþtýrma
sonucuna göre, öðrenciden öðrenciye yönelik þiddet okul dýþý ortamlardan ziyade, okul
sýnýrlarý içerisinde yaþanmaktadýr. Okul ortamýnda yaþanan þiddet ise, en çok sýnýflarda ve
koridorlarda, daha çok teneffüs zamanlarýnda, daha çok erkek öðrencilerce, daha çok kiþisel
anlaþmazlýk ve karþý cinsle baðlantýlý konularda, daha çok býçak, taþ, sopa, demir çubuk gibi
materyallerin yardýmý ile ve daha çok baþkalarýnýn gözü önünde gerçekleþtirilmektedir. Son
olarak, bu þiddet olgularý kýrsal kesimden ziyade, þehir, büyük þehir gibi kalabalýk yerleþim
yerlerinde yaþanmakta ve olaylar çoðunlukla hastaneye gitme, polise þikayet, tutuklanma gibi
olasýlýklarla sona ermektedir. Bulgular önceki literatürle tartýþýlmýþ ve gerekli önleme ve
müdahale etme programlarý tartýþýlmýþtýr.

Keywords

Okulda Þiddet, Þiddet için Risk Faktörleri, Basýnda Þiddet

AN ARCHIVAL RESEARCH STUDY ON VIOLENT EVENTS BETWEEN STUDENTS AT SCHOOL

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate school violence as it appears in the media.
To this aim, 16 newspapers and 11 TV web sites were screened for possible violent news from
the year 2001 to 2006. By doing so, 302 news stories were collected. The news was then limited
to the violent actions that emerged from a student toward another student. Then, the violent
events were classified according to the gender, place, reasons, resolutions, and educational
level. The collected material was subjected to frequency analysis. According to the results;
violence from students to students take places more in school setting than outside the school
borders. The violent behavior in schools is more likely to occur in classrooms, corridors,
mostly in break times, by male students about personal problems or problems related with the
opposite sex. It was revealed that students employ knifes, stones, sticks, iron bars and these
violence acts take place in front of other students. Finally, the aggression phenomena mostly
occur in urban and metropolitan areas, but very rarely in rural areas or small towns. Victims or
perpetrators end up being hospitalised, having complaints made in police departments or
getting arrested. The findings were discussed in the light of the previous literature. Necessary
intervention and prevention methods were also recommended. 

Keywords

School Violence, Risk Factor for Violence, Violence in Media

References

• Akbaba-Altun, S., Güneri, O. ve Erdur-Baker, Ö. (2006). Basinda Yansýmalarý ile Okulda Þiddet. Eðitim Araþtýrmalarý Dergisi, 12-21.
• American Psychological Association. (1993). Summary report of the American Psychological Association Commission on Violence and Youth (Vol.1). Washington, DC.
• Bowen, N.K. ve Bowen, G.L. (1999). Effects of crime and violence in neighborhoods and schools on the school behavior and performance of adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research 14 (3), pp. 319-342.
• Capozzoli,T. K. ve McVey, R. S.(2000). Kids killing kids: Managing violence and gangs in schools. Boca Raton, FL: St. Luice Press.
• Chisholm, J. F ve Ward, A. W. (2004). Violence in the USA. In. L., Adler (Ed), Violence around the World: International Perspective, New York: Praeger Pres.
• Chisholm, J. ve Ward, A. W. (2005). Warning Signs: School Violence Prevention. Denmark, Krauss, Wesner, Midlarsky & Gielen, (Eds). Violence in Schools: Cross-National and Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Springer
• Coker, A.L., Mc.Keown, R. E., Sanderson, M., Davis, K. E., Valois, R. F. ve Huebner, E. S. (2000). Severe dating violence and quality of life among South Carolina high school students. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 19, 220-227.
• Crews, G., ve Counts, M. R. (1997). The Evolution of School Disturbance in America: Colonial Times to Modern Day. Westport, CT: Praeger.
• Cowie, H. (2006). Avrupa Okullarda Þiddet Eðitim Giriþimi. 1.Þiddet ve Okul: Okul ve Çevresinde Çocuða Yönelik Þiddet ve Alýnabilecek Önlemler Tedbirler Sempozyumu. Istanbul: 28-31 Mart 2006. MEB & UNÝCEF.
• Çinkýr, Þ. ve Karaman-Kepenekçi, Y. (2003). Öðrenciler arasý Zorbalýk. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eðitim Yönetimi, 34, 236-253.
• Deðirmencioðlu, S.M.(2006). Okulda Þiddeti ve Öðrencilerin Okuldaki iRollerini Yeniden Düþünmek. 1.Þiddet ve Okul: Okul ve Çevresinde Çocuða Yönelik Þiddet ve Alýnabilecek Önlemler Tedbirler Sempozyumu. Istanbul: 28-31 Mart 2006. MEB & UNÝCEF.
• Denmark, F. L., Krauss, H. H., Wesner, R. R., Midlarsky, E.ve Gielen, U. P. (2005) Violence in Schools: Cross- National and Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Springer
• Eisenbraun, K.D.(2007). Violence In Schools: Prevalence, Prediction and Preventation. Aggression and Violence Behaviour, 12, 459,469.
• Fineran, S. (2002). Sexual harassment between same-sex peers: Intersection of mental health, homophobia and sexual violence in schools. Social Work, 43, 55-64.
• Flores, R. L. (2005). Developmental Aspects of School Violence. A contextualist Approach. Denmark, Krauss, Wesner, Midlarsky & Gielen, (Eds). Violence in Schools: CrossNational and Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Springer
• Gottfredson, D. (1997). School based crime prevention. Preventing crime: What Works, What Doesn’t, and What’s Promising. Retrieved from http://www.ncjrs.org/ works/chapter5.htm.
• Garbarina, J. (1995). Growing up in a socially toxic environment: Life for children and families in 1990’s. In G.B. Melton (Ed.) The Individual, the Family and Social Good: Personal Fulfillment in the Times of Change. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 42, Lincoln, Nebraska: University of Nebraska Pres, 1-20.
• Gay, L. R. (1996).Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Application. 5th Ed. Merrill, New Jersey. Goldstein, A.P., Palumbo, J., Striepling, S. ve Voutsinas, A. M. (1995). Break It Up: A Teacher’s Guide to Managing Student Aggression. Champaign, IL: Research Press.
• Gözütok, F.D., Er, O. ve Karacaoðlu, C.(2006). Okullarda Dayak: 1992-2006 Yýllarý Karþýlaþtýrmasý. 1.Þiddet ve Okul: Okul ve Çevresinde Çocuða Yönelik Þiddet ve Alýnabilecek Önlemler Tedbirler Sempozyumu. Istanbul: 28-31 Mart 2006. MEB & UNÝCEF.
• Harper, F.D. ve Ibrahim, F.A. (1999). Violence and schools in the USA: Implications for counseling. International Journal for the Advancement of Counseling, 21 (4), s. 349- 366.
• Hoch-Espada, A. (1997). Posttraumatic stress, disassociation, and antisocial behavior in inner-city adolescents. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Pace University.
• Hopkins, C. D. ve Antes, R. L. (1990). Educational Research: A Structure for Inquiry. 3rd Ed. Peacock Publishers, Inc., Itasca, Illinois.
• Kapcý, E, G. (2004). Ýlköðretim Öðrencilerinin Zorbalýða Maruz Kalma Türünün ve Sýklýðýnýn Depresyon, Kaygý ve Benlik Saygýsýyla Ýliþkisi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Eðitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 37 (1), 1-13.
• Kaymak- Özmen, S. (2006). Ilköðretim Öðrencilerinin Maruz Kladýkalrý Þiddetin Türleri ve Sýklýðý: Kars Ýli Örneði.1.Þiddet ve Okul: Okul ve Çevresinde Çocuða Yönelik Þiddet ve Alýnabilecek Önlemler Tedbirler Sempozyumu. Istanbul: 28-31 Mart 2006. MEB & UNÝCEF.
• Krauss, B. J., Krauss, H. H., O’Day, J. ve Rente, K. (2005). Sexual Violence in the Schools. Denmark, Krauss, Wesner, Midlarsky & Gielen, (Eds). Violence in Schools: CrossNational and Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Springer
• Kingery, P. M., Coggeshall, M. B. ve Alford, A. A. (1998).Violence at school: Recent evidence form four national surveys. Psychology in the Schools, 35, 247-258.
• Leung, A. & Ferris, J.S. (2008). School Size and Youth Violence. Journal of Economic Behavior Organisation, (65), 318-333.
• Lickel, B., Schamer,T. ve Hamilton, L.T. (2003). ACase of Collective Responsibility: Who to Blame for the Columbine High School Shooting? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20, 194-203.
• Midlarsky, E. ve Klain, H. M (2005). A History of violence in the Schools. Denmark, Krauss, Wesner, Midlarsky ve Gielen, (Eds). Violence in Schools: Cross-National and CrossCultural Perspectives. Springer
• Morgan, S. (1994). At-Risk Youth in Crises: A Team Approach in the Schools. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
• Naito, T. ve Gielen, U. (2005). Bullying and Ijime in Japanese Schools. A sociocultural Perspective. Denmark, Krauss, Wesner, Midlarsky & Gielen, (Eds). Violence in Schools: Cross-National and Cross-Cultural Perspectives. Springer
• Noaks, J. ve Noaks L. (2000). Violence in school: Risk, safety and fear of crime. Educational Psychology in Practice, 16 (1), s. 69-73.
• Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
• Özcebe, H., Çetik, H. ve Üner, S. (2006). Adolesanlarda Þiddet Davranýþlarý (Üç Lise, Ankara2004). 1.Þiddet ve Okul: Okul ve Çevresinde Çocuða Yönelik Þiddet ve Alýnabilecek Önlemler Tedbirler Sempozyumu. Istanbul: 28-31 Mart 2006. MEB & UNÝCEF.
• Piþkin, M. (2003). Okularýmýzda yaygýn bir sorun: Akran zorbalýðý VII. Piskolojik Danýþma ve Rehberlik Kongresi, Malatya, Ýnönü Üniversitesi. 09-11 Temmuz 2003.
• Piþkin, M. (2006). Akran Zorbalýðý Olgusunun ilköðretim Öðrencileri Arasýndaki Yaygýnlýðýnýn Ýncelenmesi. 1.Þiddet ve Okul: Okul ve Çevresinde Çocuða Yönelik Þiddet ve Alýnabilecek Önlemler Tedbirler Sempozyumu. Istanbul: 28-31 Mart 2006. MEB & UNÝCEF.
• Shawn, M.H. ve Ark. (2008). Linking Dating Violence, Peer Violence and Suicidal Behaviours Among High- Risk Youth. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 34 (1), 30-38. Shepherd, J.P., Sutherland, I. ve Newcombe, R. G. (2006). Relations between alcohol, violence and victimization in adolescence. Journal of Adolescence, 29(4), 539-553.
• Þirvanlý-Özen, D. (2006). Akran Zorbalýðýna Maruz Kalmanýn Olasý Yordayýcýlarý ve Cinsiyet ile Yaþa Baðlý Deðiþimi. 1.Þiddet ve Okul: Okul ve Çevresinde Çocuða Yönelik Þiddet ve Alýnabilecek Önlemler Tedbirler Sempozyumu. Istanbul: 28-31 Mart 2006. MEB & UNÝCEF.
• Tarý, T., Ögel, K. ve Yýlmazçetin- Eke, C. (2006). Okullarda Þuç ve Þiddeti Önleme. 1.Þiddet ve Okul: Okul ve Çevresinde Çocuða Yönelik Þiddet ve Alýnabilecek Önlemler Tedbirler Sempozyumu. Istanbul: 28-31 Mart 2006. MEB & UNÝCEF.
• TVRelated Violence. (1994, January). Village Voice, s. 2. Toch, T. (1993, November 8). Violence in schools. U.S. News and World Report, p. 30.
• WHO Global Consultation on Violence and Health (1996). Violence: a public health priority. Geneva. World Health Organization.