Research Article
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OKULA DEVAM EDEN 5-6 YAŞ GRUBU ÇOCUKLARIN ANNELERİNİN BAĞLANMA BİÇİMLERİ, KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ VE ÇOCUKLARIN BAĞLANMA BİÇİMLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Year 2018, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 186 - 209, 30.03.2018
https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2018..-364644

Abstract

Bu araştırmada, okula devam
eden 5-6 yaş grubu çocukların annelerinin bağlanma biçimleri ile annelerin
kişilik özellikleri ve çocukların annelerine bağlanma biçimleri arasındaki
ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İlişkisel tarama modeline uygun olarak tasarlanan
araştırmanın çalışma grubunu İstanbul ili Avrupa yakasında araştırmaya
katılmayı kabul eden 160 anne ve onların çocukları (84 kız, 76 erkek; 74 beş yaş,
86 altı yaş) oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada demografik bilgiler için "Kişisel
Bilgi Formu", annelerin kişilik özelliklerini ölçmek için "16 Kişilik
Envanteri (16 PF)", annelerin bağlanma biçimlerini ölçmek için Yakın
İlişkilerde Yaşantılar Envanteri (YİYE), çocukların bağlanma biçimlerini ölçmek
için "Oyuncak Öykü Tamamlama Testi (OÖTT)" kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın
sonucunda; Annelerin bağlanma biçimleri ile kişilik özellikleri arasında sadece
endişe düzeyi alt boyutunda bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir. Buna karşın annelerin
kişilik özelliklerinden dışadönüklük-içedönüklük, endişeli-rahat,
gerçeklik-duyarlı, kabullenen-bağımsız, serbest-kontrollü değişkenleri ile
çocukların bağlanma biçimleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur.
Annelerin bağlanma biçimleri ile çocukların bağlanma biçimleri arasında ise anlamlı
bir ilişki bulunamamıştır.

References

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  • Ainsworth, M.D.S., Blehar, M.C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Aytemiz, T. (2010). Ebeveynin kişiliği, çocuğun mizacı ve ebeveyn tutumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Unpublished master’s thesis). İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Psikoloji Anabilim Dalı.
  • Backström, M., & Holmes, B. J. (2001). Measuring adult attachment: A construct validation of twoself-report instruments. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 42, 79–86.
  • Belsky, J. (1984). The determinants of parenting: A process model. Child Develoment, 55, 83–96.
  • Belsky, J.& Casidy, J. (1994). Attachment: Theory and evidence. In M. Rutter & D. Hay (Ed.), Development Through Life: A Handbook for Clinicians (373-402). Oxford: Blackwell.,
  • Belsky, J., Fish, M., & Isabella, R. (1991). Continuity and discontinuity in infant negative and positive emotionality: Family antecedents and attachment consequences. Developmental Psychology, 27, 421–431.
  • Belsky, J., Gilstrap, B., & Rovine, M. (1984). The Pennsylvania Infant and Family Development Project: I. Stability and change in mother-infant and father-infant interaction in a family setting at one, three, and nine months. Child Development, 55, 692-705.
  • Bowlby, J. (1959). Separation anxiety. International Journal of Psycho- Analysis, 41, 1-25.
  • Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and Loss: Wolume III. Loss: Sadness and depression. New York: Basic Books.
  • Çamurlu-Keser, C. (2006) Annenin bağlanma düzeyi ve çocuk yetiştirme sürecinin çocuğun bağlanma düzeyine etkisi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Gelişim Psikolojisi Bilim Dalı. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Bursa.
  • Capps L, Sigman M, Sena R., Henker, B. & Whalen, C. (1996) Fear, anxiety, and perceived control in children of agoraphobic parents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 37(4): 445-52.
  • Cassidy, J. (1994). Emotion regulation: Influences of attachment relationships. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 228–249.
  • Clark, L.A., Kochanska, G.& Ready, R. (2000). Mothers' personality and its interaction with child temperament as predictors of parenting behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2, 274-285.
  • Coplan, J.R., Reichel, M. & Rowan, K. (2009). Exploring the associations between maternal personality, child temperament, and parenting: A focus on emotions. Personality and Individual Differrences, 46, 241-246.
  • Cozolino, L. (2014). İnsan ilişkilerinin nörobilimi, (Çeviren: Mirel Benveniste) İstanbul: Psikoterapi Enstitüsü Eğitim Yayınları.
  • Diener, M., Nievar, MA. & Wright, C. (2003). Attachment security among mothers and their young children living in poverty: Associations with maternal, child, and contextual characteristics. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 49, 254-282.
  • Erermiş, S., Bellibaş, E., Özbaran, B., Demirak-Büyüküşoğlu, N., Altıntoprak, E., Bildik, T. & Korkmaz-Çetin, S. (2009) Ayrılma anksiyetesi bozukluğu olan okul öncesi yaş grubu çocukların annelerinin mizaç özellikleri. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 2009; 20(1): 14-21
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  • Ispa, J.M., Fine, M. & Thornburg, K.R. (2002) Maternal personality as a moderator of relations between difficult ınfant temperament and attachment security ın low-ıncome families. Infant Mental Health, 23(1–2), 130–144
  • Jarvis, P.A., & Creasey, G.L. (1991). Parental stress, coping, and attachment in families with an 18-month-old infant. Infant Behavior and Development, 14, 383–395.
  • Knox, J. (1999). The relevance of attachment theory to a contemporary Jungian view of internal world: internal working models, implicit memory and internal objects. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 44, 511-530.
  • Kobak, R., & Sceery, A. (1988). Attachment in late adolescence: Working models of attachment, affect regulation, and perceptions of self and others. Child Development, 88, 135–146.
  • Kochanska, G. (1995) Children's Temperament, Mothers' Discipline, and Security of Attachment: Multiple Pathways to Emerging Intemalization. Society for Research in Child Development, Inc. 66, 597-615
  • Kochanska, G., & Aksan, N. (2004). Development of mutual responsiveness between parents and their young children. Child Development, 75, 1675–1676.
  • Kochanska, G., Clark L.A. & Goldman M. S.(1997). Implications of mothers' personality for their parenting and their young children's developmental outcomes. Journal of Personality 65:2, 387-420
  • Kulaksızoğlu, A. (1999) Ergenlik Psikolojisi, Remzi Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Lickenbrock,D.M.& Braungart-Rieker, J.M. (2015). Examining antecedents of infant attachment security with mothers and fathers: An ecological systems perspective. Infant Behavior & Development 39, 173–187
  • Lieberman S.(1979). A transgenerational theory, Journal of Family Therapy, 1:347-360
  • Lippe, A., Von Der Eilertsen, D. A., Hartmann, E., Kille, K. (2010). The role of maternal attachment ın children’s attachment and cognitive executive functioning: a preliminary study. Attachment and Human Development, 12(5), 429-444.
  • Mahler, S., Pine, F. & Bergman, A. (2003) İnsan yavrusunun psikolojik doğumu (Çev. Ali Nahit Babaoğlu). Metis Ötekini Dinlemek. İstanbul
  • Main, K., Kaplan, N. & Cassidy, J. (1985) Security in ınfancy, childhood and adulthood: a move to the level of representation. Monographs of The Society for Research in Child Development. 50 (Vol. 1-2, Serial
  • Main, M. (1995). Recent studies in attachment: Overview, with selected implications for clinical work. (Ed: Goldberg, Susan; Muir, Roy; Kerr, John. Attachment theory: Social, developmental, and clinical perspectives. Hillsdale, NJ, US: Analytic Press.
  • McNally, S., Eisenberg, N. &Haris, J.D.(1991). Consistency and change in maternal child rearing practices and values: A longitudinal study. Child Development, 62, 190-198.
  • Miller L, Kramer R, Wamer V, Wickramaratne P. & Weissmann M. (1997). Intergenerational transmission of parental bonding among women. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry; 36:1134-1139.
  • Murray, L. (1992). The impact of postnatal depression on infant development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, 543–561.
  • Nair,H., & Murray,A. (2005) Predictors of attachment security in preschool children from ıntact and divorced families. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 166(3), 245–263.
  • Onishi, M., Gjerde, P. F., & Block, J. (2001). Personality implications of romantic attachmentpatterns in young adults: A multi-method, multi-informant study. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1097–1110.
  • Rispoli,K., McGoey,K., Koziol,N. & Schreiber, J. (2013) The ralation of paranting, child temperement and attachment security in early childhood to social competence at school entry. Journal of School Psychology, 51; 643-658
  • Ruppert, F. (2011). Travma, bağlanma ve aile konstelasyonları, (Çeviren: Fatma Zengin) (1. Basım) İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Sabatier C. & Lannegrand-Willems L. (2005). Transmission of family values and attachment: a french three-generation study applied psychology. An Internatıonal Review, 54(3), 378–395
  • Savage, J. (2014). The association between attachment. parental bonds and physically aggresive and violent behavior: a comprehensive review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19 (2),164-178.
  • Selçuk, E., Günaydin, G., Sumer, N., Harma, M., Salman, S., Hazan, C., Doğruyol, B. & Ozturk, A. (2010) Self-reported romantic attachment style predicts everyday maternal caregiving behaviour at home. Journal of Research in Personality 44; 544–549
  • Şendil, G. & Cesur, S. (2011). The Relationships Between Parental Attitudes And Their Personalities And Values. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences. Autumn, 10 (38); 001-22
  • Shaver, P. R., & Brennan, K. A. (1992). Attachment styles and the ‘Big Five’ personality traits: Their connections with each other and with romantic relationship outcomes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 536–545.
  • Somer, O.,Korkmaz, M. & Tatar, A. (2004). Kuramdan uygulamaya Beş Faktör KişilikModeli ve Beş Faktör Kişilik Envanteri (5FKE), Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları, 128.
  • Stahl, S. (2014). Bağlanma korkusu. (Çeviren: Ceyda Aydın) İstanbul. Kuraldışı Yayıncılık
  • Steele, H., & Steele, M. (1994). Intergenerational patterns of attachment. In K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships, Vol. 5. Attachment processes in adulthood (pp. 93-120). London: Jessica Kingsley.
  • Sumner, G., & Spietz, A. (1994). NCAST caregiver/parent–child interaction teaching manual. Seattle, WA: School of Nursing, University of Washington, NCAST Publications.
  • Svanberg, O. G. (1989. Attachment, resilience and prevention, Journal of Mental Health, 7(6):543-578.
  • Teti, D.M., Nakagawa, M., Das, R., & Wirth, O. (1991). Security of attachment between pre-schoolers and their mothers: Relations among social interaction, parenting stress, and mothers’ sorts of the Attachment Q-set. Developmental Psychology, 27, 440–447.
  • Thompson, R. A., Meyer, S. (2007). The socialization of emotion regulation ın the family. j. gross (ed.). Handbook of emotion regulation, New York: Guilford Press.
  • Van den Boom, D. C. (1994). The influence of temperament and mothering on attachment and exploration: An experimental manipulation of sensitive responsiveness among lower-class mothers with irritable infants. Child Development, 65, 1457–1477.
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Year 2018, Volume: 18 Issue: 1, 186 - 209, 30.03.2018
https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2018..-364644

Abstract

References

  • Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1992) A consideration of social referencing in the context of attachment theory and research. In S. Feinman (Ed.) Social Referencing and The Social Consruction of Reality, 349-367. New York: Plenum.
  • Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1979). Infant–mother attachment. American Psychologist, 34, 932–937.
  • Ainsworth, M.D.S., Blehar, M.C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Aytemiz, T. (2010). Ebeveynin kişiliği, çocuğun mizacı ve ebeveyn tutumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Unpublished master’s thesis). İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Psikoloji Anabilim Dalı.
  • Backström, M., & Holmes, B. J. (2001). Measuring adult attachment: A construct validation of twoself-report instruments. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 42, 79–86.
  • Belsky, J. (1984). The determinants of parenting: A process model. Child Develoment, 55, 83–96.
  • Belsky, J.& Casidy, J. (1994). Attachment: Theory and evidence. In M. Rutter & D. Hay (Ed.), Development Through Life: A Handbook for Clinicians (373-402). Oxford: Blackwell.,
  • Belsky, J., Fish, M., & Isabella, R. (1991). Continuity and discontinuity in infant negative and positive emotionality: Family antecedents and attachment consequences. Developmental Psychology, 27, 421–431.
  • Belsky, J., Gilstrap, B., & Rovine, M. (1984). The Pennsylvania Infant and Family Development Project: I. Stability and change in mother-infant and father-infant interaction in a family setting at one, three, and nine months. Child Development, 55, 692-705.
  • Bowlby, J. (1959). Separation anxiety. International Journal of Psycho- Analysis, 41, 1-25.
  • Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and Loss: Wolume III. Loss: Sadness and depression. New York: Basic Books.
  • Çamurlu-Keser, C. (2006) Annenin bağlanma düzeyi ve çocuk yetiştirme sürecinin çocuğun bağlanma düzeyine etkisi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Gelişim Psikolojisi Bilim Dalı. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Bursa.
  • Capps L, Sigman M, Sena R., Henker, B. & Whalen, C. (1996) Fear, anxiety, and perceived control in children of agoraphobic parents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 37(4): 445-52.
  • Cassidy, J. (1994). Emotion regulation: Influences of attachment relationships. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59, 228–249.
  • Clark, L.A., Kochanska, G.& Ready, R. (2000). Mothers' personality and its interaction with child temperament as predictors of parenting behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2, 274-285.
  • Coplan, J.R., Reichel, M. & Rowan, K. (2009). Exploring the associations between maternal personality, child temperament, and parenting: A focus on emotions. Personality and Individual Differrences, 46, 241-246.
  • Cozolino, L. (2014). İnsan ilişkilerinin nörobilimi, (Çeviren: Mirel Benveniste) İstanbul: Psikoterapi Enstitüsü Eğitim Yayınları.
  • Diener, M., Nievar, MA. & Wright, C. (2003). Attachment security among mothers and their young children living in poverty: Associations with maternal, child, and contextual characteristics. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 49, 254-282.
  • Erermiş, S., Bellibaş, E., Özbaran, B., Demirak-Büyüküşoğlu, N., Altıntoprak, E., Bildik, T. & Korkmaz-Çetin, S. (2009) Ayrılma anksiyetesi bozukluğu olan okul öncesi yaş grubu çocukların annelerinin mizaç özellikleri. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi 2009; 20(1): 14-21
  • Field, T. (1994). The effects of mother's physical and emotional unavailability on emotion regulation. In N. A. Fox (Ed.), The development of emotion regulation: Biological and behavioral considerations. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 59. (pp. 208–227) (2-3, Serial No. 240).
  • Griffin, D., & Bartholomew, K. (1994). The metaphysics of measurement: The case of adult attachment. In K. Bartholomew, & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationship: Attachment processes in adulthood (Vol. 5, pp. 17–52). London: Kingsley.
  • Gürsoy, F., Aral, N., Bütün-Ayhan, A., Aydoğan, Y. (2004). Annesi Çalışan ve Çalışmayan Çocukların Bağımlılık Eğilimlerinin İncelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi. Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 26, 62-71
  • Hazan, C. & Shaver, P.R. (1994). Bağlanma: yakın ilişkilerle ilgili araştırmalar için bir çerçeve (Çev. Ali Dönmez). Türk Psikoloji Bülteni, 16- 17, Mart-Haziran 2000, 29-50.
  • Ispa, J.M., Fine, M. & Thornburg, K.R. (2002) Maternal personality as a moderator of relations between difficult ınfant temperament and attachment security ın low-ıncome families. Infant Mental Health, 23(1–2), 130–144
  • Jarvis, P.A., & Creasey, G.L. (1991). Parental stress, coping, and attachment in families with an 18-month-old infant. Infant Behavior and Development, 14, 383–395.
  • Knox, J. (1999). The relevance of attachment theory to a contemporary Jungian view of internal world: internal working models, implicit memory and internal objects. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 44, 511-530.
  • Kobak, R., & Sceery, A. (1988). Attachment in late adolescence: Working models of attachment, affect regulation, and perceptions of self and others. Child Development, 88, 135–146.
  • Kochanska, G. (1995) Children's Temperament, Mothers' Discipline, and Security of Attachment: Multiple Pathways to Emerging Intemalization. Society for Research in Child Development, Inc. 66, 597-615
  • Kochanska, G., & Aksan, N. (2004). Development of mutual responsiveness between parents and their young children. Child Development, 75, 1675–1676.
  • Kochanska, G., Clark L.A. & Goldman M. S.(1997). Implications of mothers' personality for their parenting and their young children's developmental outcomes. Journal of Personality 65:2, 387-420
  • Kulaksızoğlu, A. (1999) Ergenlik Psikolojisi, Remzi Kitabevi, İstanbul.
  • Lickenbrock,D.M.& Braungart-Rieker, J.M. (2015). Examining antecedents of infant attachment security with mothers and fathers: An ecological systems perspective. Infant Behavior & Development 39, 173–187
  • Lieberman S.(1979). A transgenerational theory, Journal of Family Therapy, 1:347-360
  • Lippe, A., Von Der Eilertsen, D. A., Hartmann, E., Kille, K. (2010). The role of maternal attachment ın children’s attachment and cognitive executive functioning: a preliminary study. Attachment and Human Development, 12(5), 429-444.
  • Mahler, S., Pine, F. & Bergman, A. (2003) İnsan yavrusunun psikolojik doğumu (Çev. Ali Nahit Babaoğlu). Metis Ötekini Dinlemek. İstanbul
  • Main, K., Kaplan, N. & Cassidy, J. (1985) Security in ınfancy, childhood and adulthood: a move to the level of representation. Monographs of The Society for Research in Child Development. 50 (Vol. 1-2, Serial
  • Main, M. (1995). Recent studies in attachment: Overview, with selected implications for clinical work. (Ed: Goldberg, Susan; Muir, Roy; Kerr, John. Attachment theory: Social, developmental, and clinical perspectives. Hillsdale, NJ, US: Analytic Press.
  • McNally, S., Eisenberg, N. &Haris, J.D.(1991). Consistency and change in maternal child rearing practices and values: A longitudinal study. Child Development, 62, 190-198.
  • Miller L, Kramer R, Wamer V, Wickramaratne P. & Weissmann M. (1997). Intergenerational transmission of parental bonding among women. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry; 36:1134-1139.
  • Murray, L. (1992). The impact of postnatal depression on infant development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, 543–561.
  • Nair,H., & Murray,A. (2005) Predictors of attachment security in preschool children from ıntact and divorced families. The Journal of Genetic Psychology, 166(3), 245–263.
  • Onishi, M., Gjerde, P. F., & Block, J. (2001). Personality implications of romantic attachmentpatterns in young adults: A multi-method, multi-informant study. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 1097–1110.
  • Rispoli,K., McGoey,K., Koziol,N. & Schreiber, J. (2013) The ralation of paranting, child temperement and attachment security in early childhood to social competence at school entry. Journal of School Psychology, 51; 643-658
  • Ruppert, F. (2011). Travma, bağlanma ve aile konstelasyonları, (Çeviren: Fatma Zengin) (1. Basım) İstanbul: Kaknüs Yayınları.
  • Sabatier C. & Lannegrand-Willems L. (2005). Transmission of family values and attachment: a french three-generation study applied psychology. An Internatıonal Review, 54(3), 378–395
  • Savage, J. (2014). The association between attachment. parental bonds and physically aggresive and violent behavior: a comprehensive review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19 (2),164-178.
  • Selçuk, E., Günaydin, G., Sumer, N., Harma, M., Salman, S., Hazan, C., Doğruyol, B. & Ozturk, A. (2010) Self-reported romantic attachment style predicts everyday maternal caregiving behaviour at home. Journal of Research in Personality 44; 544–549
  • Şendil, G. & Cesur, S. (2011). The Relationships Between Parental Attitudes And Their Personalities And Values. Electronic Journal of Social Sciences. Autumn, 10 (38); 001-22
  • Shaver, P. R., & Brennan, K. A. (1992). Attachment styles and the ‘Big Five’ personality traits: Their connections with each other and with romantic relationship outcomes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 536–545.
  • Somer, O.,Korkmaz, M. & Tatar, A. (2004). Kuramdan uygulamaya Beş Faktör KişilikModeli ve Beş Faktör Kişilik Envanteri (5FKE), Ege Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Yayınları, 128.
  • Stahl, S. (2014). Bağlanma korkusu. (Çeviren: Ceyda Aydın) İstanbul. Kuraldışı Yayıncılık
  • Steele, H., & Steele, M. (1994). Intergenerational patterns of attachment. In K. Bartholomew & D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships, Vol. 5. Attachment processes in adulthood (pp. 93-120). London: Jessica Kingsley.
  • Sumner, G., & Spietz, A. (1994). NCAST caregiver/parent–child interaction teaching manual. Seattle, WA: School of Nursing, University of Washington, NCAST Publications.
  • Svanberg, O. G. (1989. Attachment, resilience and prevention, Journal of Mental Health, 7(6):543-578.
  • Teti, D.M., Nakagawa, M., Das, R., & Wirth, O. (1991). Security of attachment between pre-schoolers and their mothers: Relations among social interaction, parenting stress, and mothers’ sorts of the Attachment Q-set. Developmental Psychology, 27, 440–447.
  • Thompson, R. A., Meyer, S. (2007). The socialization of emotion regulation ın the family. j. gross (ed.). Handbook of emotion regulation, New York: Guilford Press.
  • Van den Boom, D. C. (1994). The influence of temperament and mothering on attachment and exploration: An experimental manipulation of sensitive responsiveness among lower-class mothers with irritable infants. Child Development, 65, 1457–1477.
  • van Ijzendoor, M.H. (1995) Associatins between adult attachment representations and parent-child attachment, parental responsiveness, and clinical status: A meta-analysis on the predective validty of the adult attachment interview. Psychological bulletin. 117, 384-403
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There are 65 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ertan Görgü

Publication Date March 30, 2018
Submission Date October 12, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 18 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Görgü, E. (2018). OKULA DEVAM EDEN 5-6 YAŞ GRUBU ÇOCUKLARIN ANNELERİNİN BAĞLANMA BİÇİMLERİ, KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ VE ÇOCUKLARIN BAĞLANMA BİÇİMLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 186-209. https://doi.org/10.17240/aibuefd.2018..-364644