Abstract
Dış politikada denizlerin önemi uzak ve yakın tarih boyunca önemini korumaktadır. Denizlere hâkim olan dünyaya hâkim olur düşüncesi ile hareket eden Amerika Birleşik Devletleri (ABD), bu doğrultuda Arktik politikasını yeniden düzenlemektedir. Alaska ile Arktik’e giriş anahtarına sahip olan ABD, sadece deniz yolları ile değil ayrıca enerji ve deniz güvenliği ile de küresel rekabette önemli bir alanda yer aldığının farkındadır. Bu anlamda Rusya ve Arktik bölgesi ülkelerinin yanı sıra, Çin gibi yükselen güçlerin karşısında hegemonyasını korumak isteyen Amerika için Arktik’in önemi daha da artmaktadır.
Arktik bölgesinin, küresel eksen kayması ile gelecekte önemi artan bir bölge olacağının altını çizmek gereklidir. Bu noktada, enerji rezervleri ile küresel güç dengesinde rekabetin yönünü belirleyecek olan Arktik bölgesi, küresel güçler için oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışma, Amerika’nın Arktik bölgesi politikalarını ‘Güç Hiyerarşisi ve Hegemonya’ üzerinden ele alarak, bölgedeki diğer aktörlere karşı güç dengesinde yerini belirlemeye yönelik olacaktır. Bu çalışma ayrıca, Arktik bölgesinde bulunan denizler ve enerjinin, gelecekte tek kutuplu hegemon dünyayı değiştireceği tezini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu noktada, küresel anlamda bir güç dengesinin ortaya çıkacağı tezi üzerinden bölge politikaları incelenecektir.
Supporting Institution
İstanbul Kent Üniversitesi
Project Number
06
References
- Alexander S., (2014). “Is Russia a Revisionist Military Power in the Arctic?” Defense and Security Analysis, 30 (4).
- Arctic Oil and Natural Gas Resources, (2012) Energy Information Administration, (Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2020), https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php? id=4650.
- Frederic Beauregard-Tellier (2008). The Arctic: Hydrocarbon Resources, Parliamentary Information and Research Service. Ottawa: Canadian
- Gilpin R., (2016). Uluslararası İlişkilerin Ekonomi-Politiği, Murat Duran, Selçuk Oktay, M. Kadir Ceyhan ve Gürkan Polat (çev.), 4. Baskı, Ankara: Kripto Yayınları.
- Güçyetmez F. (2021). Yeni Küresel ve Ekonomik Rekabet Alanı: Arktika, İstanbul: Türkmen Kitabevi.
- Heininen, L., (2012). State of the Arctic Strategies and Policies – A Summary, Arctic Yearbook, https://arcticyearbook.com/images/yearbook/2012/Scholarly_Papers/1.Heininen.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2020.
- Heininen, L., (2018). Arctic Geopolitics From Classical To Critical Approach: Importance Of Immaterial Factors. Geography, Environment, Sustainability, 11(1), 171-186.
- Jex, C., (2017). “Climate change research was born in the Cold War”, Science Nordic, http://sciencenordic.com/climate-change-research-was-born-cold- war. Erişim Tarihi: 27.12.2020.
- Josephson Paul R. (2014), The Conquest of the Russian Arctic, Cambridge University Press: England.
- Mathieu B., (2019). “Russia’s Military Posture in the Arctic: Managing Hard Power in a ‘Low Tension’ Environment”, Russia and Eurasia Programme Research Paper, 12(3).
- Matthew, E., (2019). Technocrats and Neocons Respond to the Polar Silk Road — Strategic Culture (strategic-culture.org) Technocrats and Neocons Respond to the Polar Silk Road. Erişim Tarihi: 05.01.2021.
- Modelski, G., Thompson, William R. (1988). Sea power and Global Politics. In Sea power in Global Politics, 1494–1993.
- National Petroleum Council, (2015) “Arctic Potential: Realizing the Promise of the U.S Arctic Oil and Gas Resources”, https://www.npcarcticreport.org/pdf/AR- Executive_Summary-Final.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2020.
- Nye, J., (2004). Soft Power The Means to Success in World Politics, Public Affairs: New York.
- OBOReurope, (2021). Polar Silk Road, www.oboreurope.com/en/polar-route/polar-silk-road-oboreurope/ Erişim Tarihi: 15.01.2021.
- Østerud, Ø., & Hønneland, G. (2014). Geopolitics and International Governance in the Arctic. Arctic Review on Law and Politics, 5(2), 156-176.
- The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China (2018). “China’s Arctic Policy”, http://www.scio.gov.cn/m/32618/Document/1618217/1618217.htm. Erişim Tarihi: 05.01.2021.
- Wallerstein I., (1974). The Modern World System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century, New York: Academic Press.
- Waltz, Kenneth N. (1964). “The Stability of a Bipolar World”, Daedalus, 3(93).
- Waltz, Kenneth N. (2000), ''Structural Realism After The Cold War'', İnternational Security, doi: 01622889, 3(25).
Abstract
The importance of the seas in foreign policy maintains its importance throughout the distant and recent history. The United States of America (USA), acting with the idea that "who dominates the seas will dominate the world", reorganizes its Arctic policy in this direction. The USA, which has the key to the entry into the Arctic with Alaska, is aware that it has an important place in global competition not only with sea routes, but also with energy and maritime security. In this sense, the importance of the Arctic is increasing for America, who wants to preserve its hegemony against emerging powers such as China, as well as Russia and the Arctic countries.
It should be underlined that the arctic region will become an increasingly important region in the future with a spherical axis shift. At this point, the Arctic region, which will determine the direction of competition in the global power balance with its energy reserves, is very important for global powers. This study will focus on the policies of the Arctic region of America through "Power Hierarchy and Hegemony" and determine its place in the balance of power against other actors in the region. This study also puts forward the thesis that the seas and energy in the Arctic region will change the unipolar hegemonic world in the future. At this point, regional policies will be analyzed based on the thesis that a global balance of power will emerge.
Project Number
06
References
- Alexander S., (2014). “Is Russia a Revisionist Military Power in the Arctic?” Defense and Security Analysis, 30 (4).
- Arctic Oil and Natural Gas Resources, (2012) Energy Information Administration, (Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2020), https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php? id=4650.
- Frederic Beauregard-Tellier (2008). The Arctic: Hydrocarbon Resources, Parliamentary Information and Research Service. Ottawa: Canadian
- Gilpin R., (2016). Uluslararası İlişkilerin Ekonomi-Politiği, Murat Duran, Selçuk Oktay, M. Kadir Ceyhan ve Gürkan Polat (çev.), 4. Baskı, Ankara: Kripto Yayınları.
- Güçyetmez F. (2021). Yeni Küresel ve Ekonomik Rekabet Alanı: Arktika, İstanbul: Türkmen Kitabevi.
- Heininen, L., (2012). State of the Arctic Strategies and Policies – A Summary, Arctic Yearbook, https://arcticyearbook.com/images/yearbook/2012/Scholarly_Papers/1.Heininen.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2020.
- Heininen, L., (2018). Arctic Geopolitics From Classical To Critical Approach: Importance Of Immaterial Factors. Geography, Environment, Sustainability, 11(1), 171-186.
- Jex, C., (2017). “Climate change research was born in the Cold War”, Science Nordic, http://sciencenordic.com/climate-change-research-was-born-cold- war. Erişim Tarihi: 27.12.2020.
- Josephson Paul R. (2014), The Conquest of the Russian Arctic, Cambridge University Press: England.
- Mathieu B., (2019). “Russia’s Military Posture in the Arctic: Managing Hard Power in a ‘Low Tension’ Environment”, Russia and Eurasia Programme Research Paper, 12(3).
- Matthew, E., (2019). Technocrats and Neocons Respond to the Polar Silk Road — Strategic Culture (strategic-culture.org) Technocrats and Neocons Respond to the Polar Silk Road. Erişim Tarihi: 05.01.2021.
- Modelski, G., Thompson, William R. (1988). Sea power and Global Politics. In Sea power in Global Politics, 1494–1993.
- National Petroleum Council, (2015) “Arctic Potential: Realizing the Promise of the U.S Arctic Oil and Gas Resources”, https://www.npcarcticreport.org/pdf/AR- Executive_Summary-Final.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2020.
- Nye, J., (2004). Soft Power The Means to Success in World Politics, Public Affairs: New York.
- OBOReurope, (2021). Polar Silk Road, www.oboreurope.com/en/polar-route/polar-silk-road-oboreurope/ Erişim Tarihi: 15.01.2021.
- Østerud, Ø., & Hønneland, G. (2014). Geopolitics and International Governance in the Arctic. Arctic Review on Law and Politics, 5(2), 156-176.
- The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China (2018). “China’s Arctic Policy”, http://www.scio.gov.cn/m/32618/Document/1618217/1618217.htm. Erişim Tarihi: 05.01.2021.
- Wallerstein I., (1974). The Modern World System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century, New York: Academic Press.
- Waltz, Kenneth N. (1964). “The Stability of a Bipolar World”, Daedalus, 3(93).
- Waltz, Kenneth N. (2000), ''Structural Realism After The Cold War'', İnternational Security, doi: 01622889, 3(25).
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | MAKALELER |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | 06 |
| Publication Date | April 16, 2021 |
| Submission Date | February 28, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 7 Issue: 1 |
