Türkiye'den Prunella grandiflora ve Prunella vulgaris'in karyolojisi

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1 , 16 - 19 , 15.05.2025

Esra Martin , Tuncay Dirmenci , Fatih Satıl , Halil Erhan Eroğlu

https://doi.org/10.30616/ajb.1576334

https://izlik.org/JA85XN77UH

Abstract

Prunella L. türleri değişken ekolojik koşullara uyum sağlayabildikleri için çok farklı habitatlarda dağılım göstermektedir. Bu koşullar morfolojik karakterlerde çeşitliliğe neden olmaktadır. Morfolojik ve taksonomik karakterlerin genetik verilerle desteklenmesi çok önemlidir. Şimdiye kadar Türkiye Prunella türlerinin kromozom raporlarında çeşitli diploid sayılar bildirilmiştir. Özellikle P. vulgaris L. ve P. grandiflora (L.) Turra türlerinde durum karmaşıktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bu türlerin karyolojik verilerini sunarak karmaşıklığı ortadan kaldırmaktır. P. grandiflora ve P. vulgaris'in kromozom sayısı ve kromozom uzunlukları Türkiye'den ilk kez rapor edilmiştir. Diploid ve temel sayılar P. grandiflora ve P. vulgaris'te 2n = 28 ve 4x ploidi seviyesi ile x = 7 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Prunella cinsinin karyolojisi önceki ve mevcut sonuçları karşılaştırarak değerlendirildi. Listelenen veriler Prunella cinsinin sitotaksonomisine önemli katkılar sağladı: (i) temel sayı x = 7’dir, (ii) en yaygın diploid sayı 2n = 28’dir ve (iii) yüksek poliploidi oranları. Poliploidi muhtemelen cinsin türleşmesinde önemli bir rol oynamıştır.

Keywords

temel sayı , karyotip , poliploidi , Prunella

Karyology of Prunella grandiflora and Prunella vulgaris from Turkey

https://izlik.org/JA85XN77UH

Abstract

Prunella L. species are distributed in very different habitats since they can adapt to variable ecological conditions. These conditions cause variations in morphological characters. It is very important to support morphological and taxonomic characters with genetic data. So far, various diploid numbers have been reported in the chromosomal records of Turkish Prunella species. The situation is particularly complex in P. vulgaris L. and P. grandiflora (L.) Turra species. The aim of this study is to eliminate the complexity by presenting karyological data of these species. The chromosome number and chromosome lengths of P. grandiflora and P. vulgaris were reported for the first time from Turkey. The diploid and basic numbers were detected as 2n = 28 and x =7 by ploidy levels of 4x in P. grandiflora and P. vulgaris. As a result, the karyology of the genus Prunella was evaluated by comparing previous and present results. The listed data provided important contributions to the cytotaxonomy of the genus Prunella: (i) the basic number was x = 7, (ii) the most common diploid number was 2n = 28, and (iii) high polyploidy rates. The polyploidy probably played an important role in the speciation of the genus.

Keywords

basic number , karyotype , polyploidy , Prunella

References

• Böcher TW (1949). Racial divergences in Prunella vulgaris in relation to habitat and climate. New Phytologist 48: 289-313.
• Çelenk S, Dirmenci T, Özcan T (2024). A micromorphological study of some Prunella L. (Lamiaceae) taxa and its taxonomic implications. Micron 183: 103647.
• Dirmenci T (2012). Prunella L. In: Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babaç MT (eds.). Türkiye bitkileri listesi (Damarlı bitkiler). İstanbul: Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği, pp. 574.
• Edmonson JR (1982). Prunella L. In: Davis PH (ed.). Flora of Turkey and East Aegean Islands, Vol. 7. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, pp. 295-297.
• Eroğlu HE (2015). Which chromosomes are subtelocentric or acrocentric? A new karyotype symmetry/asymmetry index. Caryologia 68(3): 239-245.
• Eroğlu HE, Sefalı A, Ünal M, Kelkitoğlu A, Martin E (2019). Cytogenetical analyses of some species of the genus Sisymbrium (Brassicaceae) in Turkey. Anatolian Journal of Botany 3(1): 21-24.
• Eroğlu HE (2022). The polyploidy mechanism as response to global climate change. Doğan H, Fidan H (eds.). Global climate change: agriculture and food science perspective. Ankara: İksad Publishing House.
• Fernandes A, Leitão MT (1984). Contribution à l'étude cytotaxinomique des Spermatophyta du Portugal XVIII-Lamiaceae. Memorias da Sociedade Broteriana 27: 27-75.
• Govaerts R (2023). The world checklist of vascular plants (WCVP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Website: https://www.gbif.org/dataset/f382f0ce-323a-4091-bb9f-add557f3a9a2 [accessed 15 November 2024].
• Harley RM, Atkins S, Budantsev A, Cantino PD, Conn BJ, Grayer R, Harley MM, De Kok R, Krestovskaja T, Morales R, Paton AJ, Ryding O, Upson T (2004). Labiatae. In: Kadereit JW (ed.). The families and genera of vascular plants, Vol. 7. Berlin: Springer, pp. 167-275.
• Hrubý K (1932). Cytologie a anatomie československých Brunell. Preslia 11: 40-44.
• Javadi H, Safikhani K (2023). Chromosome numbers in 31 taxa of Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Poaceae, Hypericaceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae and Plantaginaceae from wetlands of Hamadan region in Iran. Botanica Pacifica 12(1): 183-188.
• Malik RA, Gupta RC, Singh V, Bala S, Kumari S (2017). New chromosome reports in Lamiaceae of Kashmir (Northwest Himalaya), India.  Protoplasma 254(2): 971-985.
• Martin E, Eroğlu HE, Hamzaoğlu E, Koç M, Kelkitoğlu A, Öztürk E, Tanhaş E, Maşa M, Bozkurt H, Yavaş FN (2022). New chromosomal data of the genus Dianthus section Dentati (Caryophyllaceae, Sileneae). Anatolian Journal of Botany 6(1): 34-38.
• Martin E, Hamzaoğlu E, Koç M, Eroğlu HE (2023). Karyotype analysis of Dianthus muglensis (Caryophyllaceae, Sileneae). Bozok Journal of Science 1(1): 11-15.
• Magulaev AY (1979). Chromosomal numbers of flowering plants of the North Caucasus. Msg. 3. In: Galushko AI (ed.). Flora of the North Caucasus and questions of its history. T. 3. Stavropol: Stavropol State Ped. Inst., pp. 101-106.
• Melnikov DG (2019) The genus Prunella (Lamiaceae) in the Caucasus. Botanicheskii Zhurnal 104: 1269-1282.
• Mirzadeh Vaghefi SS, Jalili A (2023). The chromosome counts of some species of wetland plants from Northwest Iran: chromosome number. Caryologia 75(4): 67-76.
• Peruzzi L, Eroğlu HE (2013). Karyotype asymmetry: again, how to measure and what to measure? Comparative Cytogenetics 7: 1-9.
• Probatova NS, Sokolovskaja AP, Rudyka EG (1991). Chromosome numbers in some species of vascular plants from the Soviet Far East and other regions of the USSR. Botanicheskii Zhurnal 76: 1174-1178.
• Vitek E, Kiehn M, Pascher K, Starlinger F, Greimler J, Stocker U, Lehner S, Beinhofer P, Blaha A (1992). Beiträge zur Flora von Österreich-weitere Chromosomenzählungen. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 129: 215-226.