Pollen, nutlet and trichome micro-morphology of Satureja from flora of Iran, and their systematic implications

Abstract

Pollen, nutlet, and trichome micro-morphology of 12 species of Satureja (Lamiaceae) from the flora of Iran were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our investigations indicated that these species have hexacolpate pollen with a prolate, (exceptionally sub-prolate shape) and microreticulate ornamentation. In most species the periclinal walls of the surface cells of the nutlets are wrinkled, and as a secondary sculpturing, the surface exhibits both spherical-ovoid pits and a tuberculate pattern on one seed, or a regular papillae-tuberculate pattern. In a few species, the nutlets display an undulate-reticulate pattern. S. isophylla and S. khuzistanica differ from the other studied species by the size of nutlets and S. bachtiarica, S. hortensis, and S. kermanica are distinguished by their nutlet sculpturing. Satureja species possess non-glandular trichomes together with two types of glandular trichomes, classified as sub-sessile (peltate) and capitate. Notably, the large distinctive capitate trichomes consisting of a multiseriate stalk with an enlarged, rounded multicellular head as well as the extremely long trichomes that are in two subtypes: acicular trichomes and trichomes with ridges and marked internodes are uniquely exhibits in S. khuzistanica. The characteristics of trichomes and nutlet were constant among different populations of Satureja species. The functions of both glandular and non-glandular trichomes have also been discussed. We indicated that while pollen characteristics among Satureja species show consistency, our findings of the micromorphological characteristics of trichomes and nutlets could provide diagnostic characters at species level and may enhance our understanding of the relationships among these species in future phylogenetic studies

Keywords

• Satureja
• Menthinae
• nutlet
• trichome
• pollen

İran florasından bazı Satureja türlerinin polen, nutlet ve trikom mikro-morfolojileri ve sistematik açıdan önemi

Abstract

İran florasından 12 Satureja (Lamiaceae) türünün polen, nutlet ve trikom mikro-morfolojisi ışık mikroskobu ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile incelenmiştir. Araştırmalarımız, türlerin hekzakolpat polene ve prolat (nadiren sub-prolat) şekle sahip olduğunu ve mikro-retikulat ornamentasyona sahip olduğunu göstermiştir. Çoğu türde, nutlet yüzey hücrelerinin periklinal duvarları buruşuk olup, ikincil yüzey desenlemeleri olarak hem küresel-oval çukurlar hem de tuberkulat desenler görülür ya da düzenli papillalı-tüberkül desen bulunmaktadır. Az sayıda türde, nutlerde undulat-retikulat desen görülmektedir. S. isophylla ve S. khuzistanica, nutlet boyutları açısından diğer incelenen türlerden farklıdır. S. bachtiarica, S. hortensis ve S. kermanica ise nutlet yüzey desenlemeleri bakımından diğerlerinden ayrılmaktadır. Satureja türleri, non-glandular trikomların yanı sıra sub-sessil (peltat) ve kapitat olmak üzere iki tür glandular trikom taşımaktadır. Ancak, çok hücreli yuvarlak bir başa sahip ve çok hücreli bir sap içeren büyük kapitat trikomlar ile iki alt tipi bulunan; asikular trikom ve çıkıntılar ve belirgin internodlar içeren uzun trikomlar yalnızca S. khuzistanica'da bulunmaktadır. Trikom ve nutlet özellikleri, bu türün farklı popülasyonları arasında sabit kaldığı görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda glandular ve non-glandular trikomların işlevleri de tartışılmıştır. Bu çalışma, Satureja türleri arasında polen özelliklerinin tutarlılık gösterdiğini, ancak trikom ve nutlet mikromorfolojik özelliklerinin tür düzeyinde ayırt edici karakterler sağlayabileceğini ve gelecekteki filogenetik çalışmalarda türler arasındaki ilişkilerin daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayabileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

• Satureja
• Menthinae
• nutlet
• trichome
• pollen

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